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horse
The desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook.
Don't be a golden brain, go and step on the clear autumn.
About the author:
Li He (790-8 16) is called "Shi Gui". Because he avoided family secrets and was not allowed to learn, he was frustrated all his life. He died young at the age of 27. His poems are rich in imagination, novel in conception, ingenious in conception, magnificent in writing, full of sadness and high in artistic value.
Brief introduction of poet
Li he (790 ~ 8 16), a poet in Tang dynasty: Lu Shi
World names: Li Changji, Gui Cai, Shi Gui, Li Changgu, Li Fengli, together with Li Bai and Li Shangyin, are called "Three Li's" in Tang Dynasty.
Self-proclaimed: Longxi Changji, Pangmei, Sun, kings of the Tang Dynasty.
Li He, the word is long and auspicious. His ancestral home is Longxi, and he was born in Fuchang County Valley (now Yiyang County, Luoyang, Henan Province). Lived in Changgu, Fuchang, and was later called Lichanggu. He is thin, with a huge nose, eyebrows and long fingers and claws. Frustrated by his career, he devoted all his energy to writing poems. When he went out, he hurt his waist and wrote a poem Seeing that he was struggling to write poetry, his mother scolded, "It is his son's duty to express his heart." Li Liang is a descendant of the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty. Although his wealth declined, Li He was ambitious, studious and well-read, and successfully passed the Henan Provincial Examination, and obtained the qualification of "Xianggong Jinshi". Li He's competitors vilified him, saying that his father's name was Jin Su, so he should avoid his father and not promote Jinshi. Han Yu once made a "taboo debate" to refute the shameless Ao Bu and encourage Li He to take the exam. However, there is no choice but to "meet the dog with the fan, and the knowledge is sloppy." The officials in the Ministry of Ritual are stupid and untidy. Although Li He should have gone to Beijing, he failed to pass the exam and was insatiable. I have been suffering and sick all my life. I only worked as a micro-official for three years and died of illness at the age of 27.
Li He was an important writer in the middle Tang Dynasty. Due to political confusion and his own frustration, most of his poems exposed the drawbacks of the times and the voice of resentment. There are both high-spirited spirits and sentimental feelings; There are both warm and unrestrained expressions and cold and illusory artistic conception; There are both pure materialism and decadent ideas of eating, drinking and having fun in time. His attitude towards poetry is serious, hard-working and creative, forming a unique style of strange imagination, strange thinking and wonderful words. It is unique among the schools of Han, Meng, Yuan and Bai at the same time, which has inspired the poetry creation in the late Tang Dynasty. However, due to being too unconventional, some works are obscure and dangerous. There are Li Changji's songs and poems.
[Edit this paragraph] Artistic features
Li Heshi was influenced by Chu Ci, Gu Yue Fu, Qi Liang Gong, Du Li, Han Yu, etc., and formed a very unique style through his own casting and bitterness, so he was called "Shi Gui".
The biggest feature is that the imagination is rich and strange, and the language is magnificent and strange. Changji wrote to Tianhe and Youyue Palace; Talking about ancient and modern times and exploring ghosts and gods, his imagination is magical, magnificent and gorgeous. Changji deliberately honed his language to make it fantastic, concise, steep and colorful. There are many ingenious, strange and novel languages in his works. For example, strange words such as He Kou Cup Day (drinking by the King of Qin), Walking Clouds to Learn the Sound of Water (a ballad in the sky), and "Jade wheel rolls with wet light" (a dream of heaven) abound. It can be said that "new" is the pursuit of Changji's era, especially Han Meng's poetry school represented by his mentor and friend Han Yu. He also has many vivid and easy-to-understand works, such as Persuading Love, Five Satiries, Beijing, Mocking Teenagers and so on.
Another major feature of Changji's poetry is that he wrote more ancient poems and Yuefu poems, and rarely wrote modern poems that were popular at that time. There are no seven-metrical poems in the existing poems. Li He has made outstanding contributions to the inheritance and innovation of Yuefu poems, borrowing the past to present, satirizing or sighing, being flexible, careless and innovative. In addition to Yuefu schools such as Zhang and Wang, it is unique. He is especially good at short stories, such as Song of the Sky, Dream of Paradise and Song of Di Zi. And it is a masterpiece called "Dragon Ridge" by later generations. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin and Wen's ancient poems followed the path initiated by Li He. He Zuoxiu, Zhou Bangyan, Liu Kezhuang, Xie Ao and Wen Tianxiang in Song Dynasty, Sadula and Yang Weizhen in Yuan Dynasty, Tang Xianzu in Ming Dynasty, Cao Xueqin, Li Jian and Yao Xie in Qing Dynasty were all influenced by Li Heshi.
Du Mu (Poems and Songs of Li Changji) praised him as "the Miao nationality of Sao." Wang Fuzhi (Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty) said: "Chang Ji is good at satire, always arousing people's feelings", "Truth is the enemy of Chong (Li Bai)." Mao's "Poetry Discrimination" said: "After the Dali period, Li He was the only one who solved the legacy of Yuefu. The color is wonderful, but the text is mostly outside the article. Carved on the text, it is awkward. " Yi Piao Shi Hua said: "Li and Du were first introduced to Yuefu in the Tang Dynasty, and harmony (that is, writing) was particularly beneficial." Shen Deqian (Poems of Tang Dynasty): "According to the agreement, Chu Ci, but the meaning is quiet and strange." Gao Yun called him a "genius of heaven and earth" (Collection of Tang Poems); Yao thought that he was "fashionable" (Chang Ji); Li Jian even said: "On Changji, everything is a genius, but it is a fairy tale, and Li Bai is far behind." Mr. Lu Xun sympathized with Li He's misfortune and "liked to read Li He's Tang poems when he was young". Among his ancient calligraphy poems, Li He is the most. When President Mao Zedong and Marshal Chen Yi discussed poems, they also said, "Li He's poems are worth reading. I wonder if you are interested? " (To Chen Yi)
Needless to say, Li He's poems also have many shortcomings. On the one hand, due to excessive carving and curiosity, some works are obscure in meaning, piled with words, incomplete in artistic image and incoherent in emotional context. Du Mu implicitly said: "He can explore the ancient times, so he deeply regrets that people who have not learned in ancient and modern times, such as" Song of the Golden Copper Immortal Han Dynasty "and" Song of Self-Collection ",can't know their feelings away from pen and ink." On the other hand, because Chang Jishi has no way out, he is weak and sick. Although he is a young poet, there are more than 20 words "death" and more than 50 words "old" in his works. This reflects his sentimental feelings about the short and beautiful time and the fleeting time, and some poems also reveal the idea that life is short and eat, drink and be merry in time. Those who belittle Li are said to be "too many monsters" (Zhang's Coral Hook Poems), and even regarded as "the demon of poetic immortals" (Pan Deyu's Yangyizhai Poems). It is very reasonable for Wang Shizhen to briefly summarize Chang Ji's poems with a word "Guo".
Wu Qiming said: "If the fake poet lives long enough to have a broader social observation and creative practice, then the poet's thoughts will be more mature, his observation and performance of social life will be broader and deeper, his defects and weaknesses will be less, and Chang Ji's poems will have greater achievements."
Overview of poetry
Li He devoted his life to poetry. His "Gao Xuanguo" praised Han Yu and Huang Fushi's poem "Writing takes waste as the sky", which can also be used as his self-praise. His poems include four aspects:
(1) satirizes dark politics and unhealthy social phenomena. His writing of this kind of works has a certain realistic foundation. He lived in Changgu in his early years, near the road from Luoyang to Chang 'an, and the traffic had to pass through, which made him aware of the heavy exploitation of the people and the lewdness of the ruling class. Later, the capital traveled north and south, and the decadent and extravagant aristocratic bureaucrats, incompetent eunuch groups, the disaster of the country and the people in the buffer region, the rampage of corrupt officials and the suffering of the lower class further aroused the poet's indignation. This kind of poems written by Li He reflect a wide range of social life, some express current affairs directly, and some borrow ancient times to stab the present: ① 4. Attacking the changes of Yongzheng Palace, such as Drinking Songs in Han and Tang Dynasties; (2) criticizing Tang Xianzong for indulging in superstition and pursuing immortality, such as immortals, messengers of Kunlun, divine strings, short and bitter days, official street drums, etc. (3) those who support centralization and oppose the separatist regime in the buffer region, such as the drinking of the king of Qin, the satrap of Yanmen, and the RoyceWong, a boy in ancient Yecheng, stabbed Cao to death and returned to the top; (4) Expose the country and people of the buffer region, such as "tiger" and "no way out"; (5) those who reflect the arrogance and extravagance of the rich and powerful, such as Hua Rong's music, Qin Gong's poems, Peony Divine Comedy, drinking and sleeping at night, the nocturnal songs of the nobles, mocking the teenagers, and the ancient sorrows on the balcony; ⑥ Satire eunuchs who are autocratic and incompetent, such as General Lu's military songs, five satires (2) and six satires (2, 4); (7) Those who reflect the intrusion of frontier enemies and the hard life of enemy fighters, such as Moduolouzi; (8) Expose the exploitation and oppression of the ruling class, such as "The Old Lady Picks Jade Songs" and "Five Ironies" (I); Pet-name ruby sympathize with the concubines' miserable life, such as "Red Tile Song" and "Kai"; Attending to reflect the military activities of Huang Jiadong and other ethnic minorities.
(2) Personal indignation and emotion. Li He has a positive political embrace of using the world. Although he is depressed because of his career difficulties and illness, "I am not satisfied with my twenties, and I am worried that I will repay my kindness like a withered orchid" ("The next elegy"), there are also many poems that reflect my dissatisfaction with the official life of "the male and female servants are gaseous and just want to take a dustpan and broom", showing the injustice of "the old man in the wasteland is ignorant"; Unwilling to sink, he issued the grandiloquence that "a man's heart is not poor, and glory is not equal to anger" and "a young man's heart is like a cloud, who will sit cold and blare", which is even more full of grandiloquence that "why not take Wu Gou and accept fifty states in Guanshan alone". Gifts for Shen Ya, Wild Songs and Hotels are representative works in this field.
(3) writing fairy and ghost themes. With the wings of imagination and passionate romantic feelings, Chang Ji described the realm of immortals. The mythical figures such as the Queen Mother and Chang 'e, as well as the celestial phenomena such as the Milky Way and the Moon Palace, appeared in such famous works as Ballads in the Sky and Dreaming of Heaven, which were extremely fantastic. However, there is another terrible description of the ghost world in Chang Ji's poems: "A ghost lamp is like a lacquer pine flower" (Walking in Nanshan Field), "Ghost rain scatters all the grass" (the third of Five Ironies), "Ghosts in autumn graves sing treasure poems and hate blood for thousands of years" (Qiu Lai), and "A hundred-year-old owl becomes charming and laughs and rises to a blue fire nest" in Li He's poems. The queen mother's peach blossom is red a thousand times, and how many times has Peng Zu Wu Xian died? " Poems such as "Hao Ge" affirm the changes of all things and point out the natural laws of vicissitudes, birth, aging, illness and death. Poems such as "Immortal" and "Bitter Days are Short" directly describe the imaginary birthdays of ghosts and gods, pointing at Tang Xianzong, who doesn't care about ghosts and gods, and attacking the absurdity of his pursuit of immortality. Du Mu said: "It's not surprising to complain about others for stubbornness and arrogance, and pity for others", and "It's not surprising to be illusory and absurd" (Li Changji's Poems), which is a general comment on this kind of poems.
(4) Other themes such as chanting things. Among them, Quotations from Li Ping, Shen Qu, Listening to Music for the Piano, etc., through the strange imagination and metaphor of "breaking through the ground", describe the superb skills and moving musical beauty of musicians, express the author's embrace and give people a deep feeling. Yang Sheng's Song of Blue and White Purple Stone Inks praised the ingenious workmanship of the working people. The Man in Luofushan and Gepian describes the stunt of the old weaver girl weaving rain to cut Hunan. There are also "four new bamboo shoots in Changgu North Garden" to praise youthful vitality with bamboo shoots; Poetry of Twenty-three Horses (Dragon Ridge Belongs to Horses) reflects real politics and expresses the author's anger by chanting horses. The last two groups of poems also use quatrains that Li He usually doesn't use. This kind of poems generally shows the breadth of Li He's poems and the depth of his thoughts. And works like "Beauty Combs Her Hair Song" reflect the author's attitude towards the life of aristocratic women (when newlyweds describe their wives).
All his poems can be seen on this website:/html//html /html/poemt/56.shtml