Teaching plan design of difficult points in Shu Dao ⅰ. Teaching objectives
Knowledge and ability
1. Learn more about the author's life and the characteristics of his poetry creation.
2. Refer to the text notes and get a general understanding of poetry.
3. Grasp the emotional tone of poetry and enter the magical artistic world of poetry.
4. Use reading skills to recite poems.
(2) Process and method
1. Teaching methods: help students dredge poetry.
2. Reading method: Give consideration to the reading skills and emotional tone of poetry.
3. Cooperative inquiry: cultivate students' problem awareness and cooperation ability.
4. Revelation method: Under the guidance of teachers, give full play to students' imagination and perception.
5. With the help of teaching materials and multimedia teaching equipment.
Emotional attitudes and values
1. Experience the difficulties of Shu Dao described by the poet and the emotions it carries.
2. Further appreciate the aesthetic taste of Li Bai's poems.
Second, the difficulties in teaching
1. Novel images and artistic conception in poetry.
2. Analyze various artistic techniques, such as exaggeration, imagination and metaphor.
3. Theme analysis of this poem.
Third, the class type.
New teaching.
Fourth, class hours
1 class hour.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) text overview
The difficulty of Shu Dao is the third compulsory course, unit 2, lesson 4, and unit 2 is the unit of Tang poetry. The difficulty of Shu Dao is the beginning. In the explanation, we should pay attention to both teaching objectives and unit objectives, and at the same time, we should involve poetry reading skills to pave the way for the explanation of the following poems. Shu Dao Nan is Li Bai's famous work. In the process of describing the difficulty of Shu Dao, he created a magical art world with rich imagination, superb artistic conception and flying rhetoric, which was unprecedented and unprecedented, and it is worth teachers and students to appreciate its charm.
Sixth, the teaching process.
Course introduction
1. Method 1: Show pictures about Shu Dao, let students observe the characteristics of Shu Dao intuitively and express them in their own language; Then * * * appreciate several poems describing the difficulty of Shu Dao, and look at their expressions, which leads to Li Bai's "the difficulty of Shu Dao".
2. Method 2: You can borrow Li Bai in combination with the fourth question after class. Immortality? The origin of the nickname led to Li Bai's masterpiece "Difficult Road to Shu".
The design intention is mainly to stimulate students' interest and expand their thinking. The role of teachers is to guide students to exert their subjective initiative, and the course introduction part is essential. A good beginning is equal to half of a successful lesson.
(2) The author's life and creative background.
The author's life.
Note: Although students are familiar with Li Bai, the information is fragmentary. Teachers should sort out the author's information to make students' cognition of Li Bai systematic.
2. Creative background.
Note: We can pay special attention to understanding Li Bai's spiritual world when he left Sichuan, and then introduce He Zhangzhi's appreciation of Shu Dao Nan.
(C) Yuefu Poems and Yuefu Ancient Topics
1.
? Yuefu? This is the name of the organ in charge of music. It was first established in Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and there were Yuefu organs in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Its specific tasks are making music scores, collecting lyrics and cultivating musical talents. There are two sources of lyrics: some are specially created by literati; Part of it is collected from the people. Later, people called the poems collected by Yuefu organs Yuefu, or Yuefu poems and Yuefu words, so Yuefu changed from the official name to the poem name.
The two best Yuefu poems are Mulan Poetry and Peacock Flying Southeast. Poems of Yuefu compiled by Guo Maoqian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, is the most complete collection of poems from Luohan to Yuefu in the Five Dynasties. Yuefu poems are divided into 65,438+02 categories, such as advocating songs, horizontal blowing songs and harmony songs. It is divided into several subclasses. For example, poems with horizontal blows can be divided into two parts: Korean horizontal blows and beam-drum blows. Xianghe songs are divided into six quotations: Xianghe songs, Yintan songs, Pingdiao songs, Qingdiao songs, Hudiao songs, Chudiao songs and Daqu songs. The lyrics of Qing merchants are divided into wusheng songs and western songs. There are more than 40 folk songs in Yuefu Poetry Collection, most of which are works of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which reflect the social reality and people's life at that time, express love and hate with sharp words, and tend to be realistic in style.
Han Yuefu is another great collection of ancient folk songs after The Book of Songs. It uses popular language to construct works close to life, from miscellaneous words to five words, depicts characters in detail by narrative writing method, shapes characters with distinctive personality and complete story, highlights ideological connotation and pays attention to describing typical details, which opens up a new stage of the development and maturity of narrative poetry.
2. Common sense of Yuefu ancient questions.
Also called? Yuefu to the topic? , Yuefu poetry class name. Namely. Quasi-ancient Yuefu? . Han Yuefu? It's all sad and happy, and it's all for a reason. Is it enough to observe the customs and know how thick they are? ("Han Shu? Yi Wen Zhi was inherited by poets since the late Han Dynasty and Wei and Jin Dynasties. For example, Cao Cao imitated his thoughts and artistic style and wrote many Yuefu poems that were no longer enjoyable. Poets in the Tang Dynasty borrowed more old Yuefu poems to express current affairs, thus giving new life to old poems.
Design Intention Although I have learned the Yuefu poem Peacock Flying Southeast and the Yuefu ancient title "A Short Song Line" in Compulsory 2, it is necessary to introduce some related knowledge in Compulsory 3, which will help students to review the past and learn new things.
Text analysis
1. Overall perception.
Listen to the tape.
Attention: Students are required to listen purposefully: word pronunciation, sentence pause, emotional intonation.
(2) Students read together.
Note: Before students read together, teachers should guide students' reading skills with relevant materials.
2. Read the text carefully and arrange the sentences (key points).
Note: Teachers take the lead, students take the lead, and proceed in paragraph order, which is similar to cross talk in classical Chinese, but not the same as cross talk. After separating the verses, we should have an overall view of the paragraphs. Combining notes and reference materials, let students understand the basic meaning of the text, and explain the description content, writing skills and functions appropriately. The reason is that the words in Shu Dao Nan are novel and rich, and the images and techniques are used more, which is difficult for students to understand and paves the way for the following problems.
3. Group cooperation and problem exploration.
(1) According to the text, is Li Bai right? Difficult road? One chant and three sighs, try to summarize the contents of the three sighs.
Reference point: first, lament the high risk of Shu Dao, second, lament the thrills of Shu Dao, and third, lament the dangers of Shu Dao.
Note: One chant and three sighs is the writing feature of this poem, and it is also a clue for students to grasp this poem macroscopically. Combined with the overall perception of the first part, we can check the students' understanding and generalization through this small question.
(2) Tell me why the whole poem is repeated. Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky? .
Reference point: First, it is clear that this is a repetition (repetition form), so what is its function? Should be combined with specific text analysis, based on the formal structure and the theme of poetry-such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky? It is not only the theme of the author's chanting, but also the symbol of the turning point and lyric change of poetry. It appeared in the first paragraph, as shocking as a bolt from the blue, and opened an article? Weird? Text; Appears in the second paragraph, connecting the past with the future-inheriting the previous paragraph? The terrible road ahead is getting darker and darker? , leading to the back? Facing many dangers? ; In the third paragraph, the song ended elegantly, paying tribute again and again, and showing earnest concern beyond words. Formally speaking, every time you exhale this sentence, you complete a change of rhythm, that is, the alternation of lyricism, discussion and description.
(3) Please talk about the artistic features of this poem with specific words?
Reference point: rich imagination, strange metaphor, exaggerated brushwork and colorful rhythm. This is the main artistic feature. After the students answer, they need the teacher's guidance and supplement. If students feel that other characteristics make sense, they should be affirmed. )
(4) What is the theme of this poem?
Reference: There are always different opinions about the conception of this poem, which can be summarized as follows.
A. I wrote this poem because I was worried about Fang Kuo and Du Fu, and I think the author wrote this poem because he was worried that Yanwu, the messenger of Jiannan, would endanger Fang Kuo and Du Fu in Shu. B. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty satirized the Anshi Rebellion and entered Shu. The initiator was Xiao, a Yuan man who made a supplementary note for Li Baiji. C. Satire Sichuan warlords Zhang Qiu and Joan; d？ Is that things have become articles, and it doesn't make any sense? It is represented by Hu Zhenheng's Ghost in Tangyin and Gu's Record of the Day. After modern research, the first three statements are either inconsistent with historical facts or wrong in time, which are difficult to establish. Based on the fourth statement, what do we think is the theme of this poem? Send a friend to Shudu? Is it following the old topic of Yuefu? That's it? Work. (The controversy about the theme should be shown to the students to let them know something, but students should be reminded that the understanding of the theme should be well-founded in the text and not far-fetched. )
Design intention The interpretation of classical poetry should focus on the text and read it carefully. After students' overall perception, teachers should guide students to analyze poetry in layers, expand the compressed content of poetry, and fully mobilize students' life accumulation and thinking. Only by understanding the literal meaning of poetry can we deepen the text, and the essence of the method of understanding poetry lies in the close reading of the text. Read the text carefully? Part of the emphasis is on sorting out sentences. Interpretation of words and sentences is the most basic method of poetry interpretation, but it focuses on exploring the connotation and art of poetry, rather than jumping to choose test sites for interpretation. The main purpose is to let students read and understand poetry, rather than a state of little knowledge; ? Overall perception? Arrive? Close reading of the text? Again? Question inquiry? The three modules attach importance to the foundation and improve the ability level, with the aim of letting students learn the methods of poetry interpretation.
4. Read repeatedly and read the charm.
You can enjoy the videos recited by different famous artists to help you understand.
The design intention of Li Bai's works, such as the muddy nature, is inseparable, so we should read more and have a global view. Through repeated reading and beautiful reading, we can better understand the beauty of this poem.
Seven, homework after class
1. The writing time of Difficult Steps (1) is close to that of Difficult Roads in Shu. Please combine your understanding of the writing purpose of these two poems, and compare and analyze the writing techniques and emotional state of these two poems.
2. Read Shu Dao Zi Mian written by Shijie in Song Dynasty, and talk about the differences between it and Li Bai's Shu Dao Nan in writing emphasis and thoughts and feelings.
Chaoyang Zhangyanmo, 8,000 to Beijing Road.
The official department made great contributions and offended the princes.
Jump on the river fog and stay on the river for the night.
Jiaozi is doing strange things, climbing the ship's rail from time to time.
Fish and dragons spit flames and often make waves.
So, it's terror, and it's tens of millions at once.
Tao can be robbed in Anke, and he will take care of himself.
I am short of big and small cards, and I can eat 20 thousand a month.
Since I have come to the southwest of Qing Dynasty, this trip is not a migration.
The danger of shushan can rise, but the height of shudao can be fatal.
There is no steaming mist at the top and no rolling waves at the bottom.
Step by step, the pavilion is stable and the sword door is safe.
I don't know that the Shu Road is difficult, but I cherish historical festivals.
The design intention is to contact old knowledge, compare reading, and still make overall observation.
Teaching objectives of teaching plan design for two difficult problems in Shu Dao
Perceive the emotional tone of the whole poem as a whole, dredge the theme and grasp the context of the whole poem.
Cultivate students' ability and methods to appreciate poetry works and appreciate the artistic characteristics of this poem.
Feel the grand momentum and unrestrained feelings of this poem and taste the romantic style of this poem.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Focus: Feel the grandeur and unrestrained feelings of this poem, and taste the romantic style of the poem.
Difficulties: Cultivate students' ability and methods to appreciate poetry.
teaching process
lead into/introduce
In the history of China literature, there was once a great romantic poet who was known as? Poet fairy? . Do you know which poet it is? Yes, he is Li Bai. We have studied many of Li Bai's poems, such as "The foot of my bed is as bright as a thread" and "The Yellow Crane Tower Farewell Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou", which are well known. It was once thought that all Li Bai's poems were written under the condition of drunkenness, and it was the wine that caused his poems. Is it really what people say? Or is there another mystery? Today, we will have an in-depth understanding of him by studying Shu Dao Nan.
problem solving
Is Shu Daonan Yuefu's "Songs of Harmony"? According to the traditional content of this poem, this paper describes the breathtaking and wonderful mountains and rivers on the way from Qin to Shu with bold and unrestrained style and exaggerated description, showing the poet's outstanding artistic talent and rich imagination.
By the Tang Dynasty, the commercial economy in central Sichuan was extremely developed, and people who entered Sichuan were happy to leave, but they didn't realize that the situation in this area was sinister. Since ancient times, it has been a feudal separatist land, and there is the possibility of chaos at any time. Emphasize in poetry? What if he is not loyal, but a wolf to his companions? ? That is to say. Gu's Record of the Day (Volume 26) says:? Li Bai's Shu Dao Nan should be between Kaiyuan and Tianbao. When people talk about the joy of Chengdu, they don't know the danger of being afraid of the road and the danger of being in a different place, that is, things are done, which makes no sense. ?
"Meng ability poetry? Senior one? Li Baichu went to Chang 'an, where he and Zhang Zhi visited. See "Difficult Road to Shu": Four musicians, several sages. ? There is a similar record in the seventh volume of Tang Yan. In addition, this poem was included in He Yueling's Album, which was selected and edited by Yin Kun. According to Cen Zhongmian's textual research, the book was compiled in Tianbao four or twelve years. Therefore, it can be seen that Shu Dao Nan is a work before the Anshi Rebellion, and it was written when the poet was in Chang 'an at the beginning of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.
Brief introduction of the author
Li Bai (70 1-762), whose word is Taibai, is a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. I spent my youth in Sichuan. 25-year-old, left the Three Gorges, Pan Dongting, traveled to wuyue in the east and Taiyuan in the north. Good luck? Ambition. In 742, the ninth year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was called to Beijing. He hoped to display his talents and make a difference in this trip, but his ideal was soon dashed. The emperor refused to reuse it, and the powerful minister rejected it. He was given gold back for more than a year. Therefore, his mentality changed from joining the WTO to being born, so he became a degenerate, caring for mountains and rivers and enjoying poetry and wine. Finally died in Dangtu, Anhui. He left behind many well-known poems, among which Difficult Road to Shu, it is hard to go, Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Thinking on a Quiet Night, Morning Coming from Baidicheng and so on can best represent his artistic characteristics. He is good at all kinds of poems, especially ancient poems, and is a representative writer of romantic poems in Tang Dynasty.
Fourth, listen to the famous articles, then read the text with emotion and feel the whole poem as a whole.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) text interpretation
1. What is the clue of this article?
Qing dynasty: poets generally follow the clues of entering Shu from ancient times to the present, and describe it by grasping the landscape characteristics of various places to show the difficulty of Shu Dao.
2. Read the first paragraph aloud and concentrate on the analysis.
(1) What are the first two sentences? Hey? Difficult to go to the sky? , the role in the full text?
Cheng Ming: These two sentences dominate the whole poem, lay the foundation of intonation of the whole poem, and highlight the unfathomable nature of Shu Dao, which is copied below.
(2) What does the rest of this paragraph mean?
Clear: two meanings. The first floor: (Can Cong? The ladder and the stone crib are connected together. Second floor: (What's on it? Then he put his arms around his chest and fell to the ground with a groan.
(3) Reference? Wuding Kaishan? What is the function of myth?
Clarity: quoting this myth shows the struggle between man and nature and the strong desire of working people to transform nature, praises the courage of pioneering, touches the magical color of the article and attracts readers.
(4)? Six dragons went back to Japan? Then, put your arms around your chest and groan and fall to the ground? In these sentences, what writing methods did the author use to express the grandeur and rigor of Shu Dao?
Clarity: The author makes full use of artistic techniques such as combination of point and surface, combination of reality and exaggeration, which shows the richness and singularity of the poet's imagination. ① Point-surface combination:? Really? What are four sentences? Face? , that is, the overall image of Shu Dao; ? Green mud? What are four sentences? Point? , that is, the situation of clearing the spirit. (2) Using virtual reality: Six dragons return to Japan? Legend has it that the yellow crane and the ape are all fictional to set off the real writing? The high risk of Shu Dao. 3 exaggeration:? This height is difficult for the yellow crane? Wait a minute.
3. Read the second paragraph carefully and focus on the analysis.
(1) How many meanings can the second paragraph have?
Clear: divided into two layers. The first floor: (Ask Jun to travel to the West? Even the color changes when listening to it) describes the sadness of the scenery of Shu Road. Second floor: (even the peak goes to heaven? Hu Weiwei's here! ) Describe the sinister landscape of Shu Road.
(2)? We wonder if this road to the west will never end? Jun? who is it?
Clear:? Jun? It may be virtual. Borrow? Jun is a virtual person? The way of speaking can expand the content layer by layer and highlight the poet's theme.
(3) Which sentence in this paragraph plays the role of connecting two layers of content?
Clear:? It's hard to get through the Shu Road, it's hard to get to the sky, and the smell turns pale? Played this role. What does Shu Dao mean? Afraid of the road Whether it is the bleak above or the sinister below, tourists can't stand it. .
(4) What techniques are used in this paragraph? What kind of atmosphere is rendered?
Clear:? But see? The four sentences are detailed and lyrical with scenery, which renders the desolate atmosphere. ? Lianfeng? Four exaggerated descriptions from static to dynamic render a thrilling atmosphere and create an overwhelming artistic effect. It is to describe the difficulty of Shu Dao and reach its peak.
4. Read the third paragraph aloud and enjoy it.
(1) What does this passage mean?
Clear: two meanings. The first floor: (Jiange towering? But a wolf to his companion? ) write about the danger of Jiange. Second floor: (Are you afraid of hungry tigers during the day? It is better to go home early.
(2)? Why not go home early? Which sentence in the article goes with it?
Clear:? We want to know whether this road to the west will never end.
(3) What is the function of the last sentence of the article?
Clarity: It not only vividly summarizes the risks of Jiange mentioned above and the tragic war disaster in Central Sichuan, but also looks more meaningful with the beginning and sentences, which can make readers sigh. The difficulty of Shu Dao? The content of the summary is endless.
Overall perception
1. What is the main clause of the full text? What is the function?
Clear: main sentence:? The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky! ? The poet creatively inherited the repetition form common in ancient folk songs, and the topic sentence appeared once at the beginning, once at the middle and once at the end. Every appearance brings new enlightenment to readers (see the previous analysis), which naturally forms a pattern of main sentence running through and in-depth content, which makes people produce? One sigh is insufficient, then another sigh is insufficient, then three? I feel that this composition can be said to be extremely ingenious. Meanwhile, the main statement? Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky? Throughout the whole article, it fully shows the intonation of the whole poem. Throughout the poem, the poet has three sighs: one is the height of Shu Dao, the other is the danger of Shu Dao, and the third is the fierceness of war disaster.
We have studied the main sentences of this article, so what is the theme of this article?
Qing Dynasty: This poem imitates the theme of the old Yuefu, and with rich imagination, it focuses on depicting the wonderful and breathtaking mountains and rivers on the Qin-Shu road, expressing the author's strong love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland, revealing the potential crisis after the peaceful scene at that time, and revealing the author's worries and worries about national affairs.
3. Analyze the artistic features of poetry;
Clear: (1) Make good use of repetition: Three repetitions in the text? Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky? Every time it appears, it brings new enlightenment to readers, naturally forming a pattern of the main sentence running through and the content deepening layer by layer, which makes people feel that it is not enough to sigh again and again.
(2) Rich and magical imagination: The situation of Sichuan imagined in this paper, its mountains and mountain roads, makes people feel shocked and creepy, which means turning around when they see the mountains in Sichuan.
(3) Exaggerated skills to the extreme:? The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven? 、? Dry pine trees hang low on the cliff? Exaggerate the height of mountain peaks and the danger of cliffs, and render a thrilling atmosphere.
(4) Diversified artistic conception of poetry: In order to express the needs of subjective feelings and purposes, different artistic conceptions are constructed in poetry: sublime, grand, magical, sad, horrible, etc., all showing one kind? Difficult? Words.
(5) Mysterious legend:? Wuding Kaishan? Sun God back in the car? Wail about the rules? The emergence of legends, etc. , making the whole poem shrouded in a mysterious atmosphere, but also shows a? Difficult? Words.
Analyze the artistic conception of poetry
Qing: Reading this poem is like walking through a gallery, and moving pictures appear in front of you. Their broad artistic conception and striking momentum make you dumbfounded and amazed. ? And Dabaishan, to the west, still has only one bird path, all the way to the peak of Emei. ? In the poet's imagination, he seemed to see the endless landscape between Qin and Shu. Such a magnificent landform is really rare!
? Once it was broken by an earthquake, some brave people lost it, and then the ladder stone pile was hooked. ? 16 vividly reproduces the story about wuding mountain in folklore, which makes us seem to hear a loud cry when wuding mountain pulls a snake, and then an earth-shattering noise. It seems to see countless brave people clearing the way and erecting plank roads on the mountain, and we can't help but admire the greatness of divine power and manpower! ? On the high flag, six dragons drive the sun, and far below, the river lashes its twisted channel. ?
This is what the poet imagined he saw on the Shu Road: when he looked up at the highest peak in front of him, he saw six solar cars pulled by dragons being blocked and had to make a detour; Looking down again, I saw the raging torrent blocked by the mountains, stirring up countless eddies? How amazing and wonderful this painting is!
5. Analyze the artistic techniques of poetry.
Clear: (1) The composition is flexible, the weather is magnificent and the theme is profound. (2) Passionate feelings, rich exaggeration, novel imagination and outstanding romanticism. (3) Breaking the tradition, adopting prosaic sentence patterns with uneven levels and lengths, forming an uninhibited language style and using rhymes to the extreme. ? Strange, since the poet returned, there are few such styles. ?
Master the skills of poetry appreciation
You should be able to read. Only by reading aloud can we understand the poet's passionate thoughts and feelings and his bold and elegant artistic style.
Clear your mind. Thinking is the process of the poet's conception. Grasping the train of thought is helpful to understand the poet's emotional process and put him in the context of poetry to understand poetry.
Grasp the emotions. The theme of poetry is often hidden in the poet's emotional expression.
Mastering certain rhetorical devices is helpful to understand the content of poetry, thus achieving the purpose of grasping the main idea of the article.
Eight. abstract
Li Bai, do you deserve it? Poet fairy? His poems are famous for their rich and peculiar imagination, unrestrained style, magnificent colors and fresh and natural language. ? Say heaven and earth, think of ghosts and gods? Pi Rixiu is the most accurate summary of Li Bai's poems.