(1) He is a rigorous, earnest and realistic scholar.
Zhu Ziqing is brave in prose creation. He is not lazy. He has been exploring and is not afraid of writing badly. Zhu Ziqing said in "Introduction to European Miscellanies": "All the articles in the book mainly describe the scenery and rarely talk about their own places." At the same time, his research on the history of new literature, the history of ancient literary criticism and ballads all occupy a leading position in academic history, and there are also many articles with good textual research foundation, such as the problems in Tao Yuanming's Chronicle. He really achieved "micro-rigor and macro-openness". Moreover, Mr. Zhu Ziqing also paid special attention to the popularization of academic achievements. Classic conversation is such a masterpiece. Although "there is no original opinion of the editor" (see preface), it is written in plain language and has received good results.
Mr. Zhu Ziqing's academic style is closely related to the academic atmosphere at that time, especially the atmosphere of "Tsinghua School". If Peking University in the early years of the Republic of China was an all-encompassing pattern, the main feature was the offensive and defensive trend of the old and new factions, then Tsinghua took another road, just as Mr. Feng Youlan created a new way of interpreting the ancient times besides "mixing the ancient times" and "doubting the ancient times", and Tsinghua emphasized "destroying the ancient times" instead of "keeping the ancient times". This overall style has a great influence on Mr. Zhu Ziqing's academic research. From the introduction of Mr. Zhu Ziqing's academic research, we can see that he carried forward this style. In addition, others, such as "vernacular movement" and "ballad movement", had a great influence on him, and Mr. Zhu Ziqing's research and creation also became a part of these ideological trends at that time.
Some academic thoughts of Zhu Ziqing deserve attention. As mentioned in the aforementioned Academic Value of Modern Life, it is necessary to "know the academic value of materials other than classics (even bow shoes and folk songs)" and "know the academic value of modern life". In addition, there is also the idea of "integrating Chinese and Western cultures and linking the past and the present", which is also reflected in Zhu Ziqing's practice in running the department. Yang Zhensheng, the first director of the Chinese Department in Tsinghua University, said, "I discussed with Mr. Zhu and made all the plans in the department. At that time, the biggest difference between Tsinghua China Literature Department and other universities was that we paid attention to the integration of old and new literature and the integration of Chinese and foreign literature. " 193 1 year wrote a survey of the literature department of China, Tsinghua University for Tsinghua Weekly. "We don't underestimate the efforts to study and textual research on old literature, but in this era, this era of green and yellow, we feel that there is still a greater mission: this is to create our new literature." This spirit of seeking novelty and not forgetting tradition is worth learning from.
In addition, Mr. Zhu Ziqing is not only able to engage in academic research seriously and rigorously, but also knows how to educate and train young people by academic methods because he understands academics. At the head of the national disaster, the movement of students saving the country is surging, but some students "rely on the threat of the people." 1The book "Middle-aged People and Young People" written in April, 939 said that "young people use their powerful organizations to engage in the national salvation movement, and at the same time use the strength of this organization to put forward unreasonable demands such as exemption from examinations to schools. The development of youth organizations is a good phenomenon. However, abusing the power of the group and being bullied should be corrected. " "You can develop group organizations in schools to carry out the national salvation movement; However, the school also has the main mission of imparting knowledge, training skills and cultivating character. If there are only two functions of group organization and national salvation movement, the school will lose its reason for existence, at least it will become qualitative. " "What middle-aged people who are now in a guiding position can do seems to be just to study hard, persevere in implementing school discipline, try their best to correct and guide young people, and give them good knowledge, skills and character training." After reading these paragraphs, we may understand why the National The National SouthWest Associated University can still train a batch of outstanding students under such harsh living conditions. It is precisely because there are a group of old people like Mr. Zhu Ziqing who are academically concerned about youth in The National SouthWest Associated University. Only then can they truly understand the true meaning of the three concepts of "university", "teacher" and "student".
(2) The emotional world is particularly rich, and there are many contradictions and conflicts in the inner world.
The relationship between a person's emotional world and social reality, and the relationship between a person's emotional tendency and the trend of the times directly affect a person's role in the real world and his achievements in social life. Zhu Ziqing is a new generation writer, but he wrote his father's Back and the May 4th Enlightenment, which severely criticized Confucianism. What kind of monarch, monarch, minister, father, son, son, and family system are the objects of criticism. The conflict between father and son has become the conflict of the times. Have you seen how Ba Jin criticized Father and Family in Home and Qian Zhongshu in Fortress Besieged? Zhu Ziqing's Back praised the Confucian father, and he also accepted the marriage arranged by his parents: "At home, I have to say that I married a daughter-in-law. What can I say? " (children).
What Zhu Ziqing's famous work For a Dead Woman misses is the old-fashioned marriage, the old-fashioned woman and the old-fashioned feelings. Moreover, after he married a new woman, he had a conflict with the new woman and missed the old marriage.
These can show his rich emotional world, and we can feel his true feelings and anguish from his works.
Zhu Ziqing's inner world is often in conflict. He said that when he first got married, he saw Bacon say, "If you have a wife, you will live long." At that time, I was really taken aback, as if I woke up from a dream, which caused a long-term conflict in my heart, but it was actually helpless.
The richness of Mr Zhu's emotional world can be clearly seen from Qinhuai River, Trail and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond. The first two articles are all positive, so it is difficult to resist the temptation of lewdness. The last poem Moonlight on the Lotus Pond can be regarded as an emotional metaphor: freedom, excitement, wandering, Jiangnan and romantic season.
It is precisely because of his rich emotional world and many conflicts in his inner world that his achievements and depth as a scholar are affected? This humanistic quality makes his reputation as a lyric essayist overshadow the achievements of scholars.
(2) Concise, neutral, innovative, plain and magical prose style.
Zhu Ziqing is one of the outstanding prose writers in China since the May 4th Movement. When it comes to Zhu Ziqing's prose, people always think of his Running, Back, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond and Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Water. In fact, many of Zhu Ziqing's other essays are also worth reading again. Appreciation of Zhu Ziqing's representative works includes 18 poems and 57 essays, as well as Biography of Zhu Ziqing, Compendium of Zhu Ziqing's Works and Index of Zhu Ziqing's Research Materials. Looking at the prose part, Ye Shengtao, who I have read, is from Yangzhou, and it is worth reading on seriousness, dissatisfaction with the status quo and appealing to both refined and popular tastes.
His articles are rigorous and meticulous. Although he tried to hone his writing, his style was simple and natural, neither obscure nor gorgeous. Han Yu said: "It's hard to stop abruptly just by doing what you say." It's not easy to say anything, but it's even harder to be fresh and natural. Zhu Ziqing's articles can remain neutral and innovative in the simple and natural style, create new words, see magic, justice, simplicity and creativity in the plain, and there are many places worth learning and learning from in writing skills.
Simple and natural articles are not as conspicuous as red and green, and their benefits can only be detected by careful consideration, but often cannot be discovered by careless readers. You can know a little about the first article of European Miscellanies ("Venice").
Venice is a unique place. As soon as you get out of the train station, you will immediately feel that there is no car here. Where to go, either take a small steamboat or rent a "gondola". The Grand Canal, which runs through Venice like an inverted S-shape, is the main street. There are also 4 18 small rivers, which are small hutongs. The ship is like a bus, walking in the street; "gondola" is a kind of rowing boat, which is unique to Venice and can be used everywhere. Venice is not without bridges, there are 378 bridges, and there are many. As long as you are not afraid to beat around the bush, you can go anywhere without going down the river. However, there are still many people on board, and the business of "gondola" seems to be good.
Venice is characterized by many rivers and frequent water traffic, but the author did not say this directly, but started with the impression of a passenger who just arrived in Venice: "When you leave the railway station, you will immediately feel that there is no car here. Where to go, either take a small steamboat or rent a gondola. " Then compare the canal to a street and the other 400 small rivers to an alley. This metaphor is not only fresh and interesting, but also very appropriate.
Simple is not equal to plain. Zhu Ziqing's prose has created many fresh artistic conception and fresh expression techniques, which are poetic and interesting. There is a passage describing Bai Pisong in Travel Notes of Songtang:
He walked through two small doors and his eyes suddenly opened up. At first glance, it is a slim, vigorous and graceful white pine. Pinus bungeana is not surprising, it is rich, and it is not surprising that you squeeze me and I squeeze you. It's well spaced. It's like planting a tree in every corner of the community yard, isn't it? Who likes to watch it? This is a big yard, just come from all directions. In the middle is Songtang, which was originally transformed from a stone pavilion. This pavilion is tall and spacious, worthy of the surrounding pine trees, marble columns and marble railings. It's still good, white, slippery and cold. There is not much shadow of Pinus bungeana, and the bright windows in the hall are clean. When I sat down, I obviously felt that I was really too small, under such a high roof. There are few shadows on the tree, but they are not hot. Looking at the delicate posture of those pine trees in the porch, snow-white skin and a faint coolness will attack my heart.
The author thinks that the white pine in Songtang looks good because it is numerous and rare. Too dense and crowded; A few lonely trees are scattered and loose. The author does not say "secret", but says "you squeeze me, I squeeze you"; Don't say "all kinds of trees on the four corners are sparse and unsightly", but say "one tree on each corner is sparse, isn't it?" Who loves to watch "; Don't say "the tall and spacious pavilion just matches the surrounding pine trees", but say "this pavilion is tall and spacious and worthy of the surrounding pine trees". Instead of "writing" with a straight face, you speak in a natural and interesting tone as usual. Write marble columns and railings in only three words: white, slippery and cold. Write that Songtang is tall, don't just say that you are small. These places are deliberately managed by the author. Clever as it is, it is invisible.
(4) arrogance stays in the world.
After reading Zhu Ziqing's biography, it is unforgettable that1on August 6th, 948, Zhu Ziqing was admitted to hospital with gastric perforation and died on June 2nd. Before he died, he grabbed his wife Chen Zhuyin with trembling hands and said intermittently, "Remember, I signed the document rejecting American flour, and our family will never buy American flour from the Kuomintang again." Before he signed it, his weight had dropped to 77.6 Jin, and he needed nutrition and treatment urgently. But he would rather starve to death than refuse this kind of "soul-buying" charity, which shows the dignity and integrity of our nation and the noble sentiments of patriotic intellectuals.
Zhu Ziqing proved his life value with the hard steps of his life. He was repelled by the waves of life, but he was never defeated; I have been wandering, but I have never been decadent and desperate. Finally, after a long period of exploration, he changed from being born for life to being born for the people, from writing blood and tears literature to fighting for people's survival, from expressing "my class" to praising the collective strength of the masses, from praising the light to creating the light with the people, from "coward" to democratic warrior, and made due contributions to realizing "red clouds" and "heaven". His indomitable spirit of hard bones sets an immortal example for people.
1In August, 949, Comrade Mao Zedong warmly praised his "backbone" of "being seriously ill and preferring to starve to death rather than receive American" relief food ",calling him" showing the heroism of our nation "and calling on people to learn from him.
As descendants, we can't completely restore the appearance of our predecessors, and we can only vaguely see their backs from the legacy materials. We have seen the back of Zhu Ziqing, an essayist and democracy fighter, and at the same time we should know Zhu Ziqing as a scholar and evaluate Mr. Zhu Ziqing from the perspective of academic research. Perhaps this will be more comprehensive and real, so that Mr. Zhu Ziqing can not only leave us a tall figure, but also leave us a more complete and clear figure.