Teaching objectives
1, understand the general idea of poetry and recite ancient poems with emotion.
2. With the help of notes and pictures, understand and imagine the scenery depicted in the poem.
3. Understand the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author.
Teaching emphasis: understand the theme of poetry and be able to recite ancient poems with emotion.
Difficulties in teaching: knowing the gist of poetry can recite ancient poems with emotion.
Teaching hours 1
Blackboard design:
An outdated festival (Qingming Festival) that started one or two days ago in Tomb-Sweeping Day, when only cold food is served for three days.
Yi Han
In late spring, Chang 'an city is full of songs and dances, and countless flowers fall. The east wind of the Cold Food Festival blows on the willow trees in the royal garden.
As night fell, the palace was busy lighting candles, and smoke drifted to the house of the prince and the marquis.
teaching process
First, check the preview effect and self-study ability.
(1) Read by name. (after reading)
(2) Fill in the blanks. The poem "Korean Food" was written by a poet () in the Tang Dynasty.
Second, the teacher's guidance.
(1) Understand poets and interpret poems.
Han Yi: Junping was born in Nanyang (now Henan). Tianbao Jinshi official to Zhongshu Sheren, one of the "Ten Talents in Dali". The original poetry collection was later lost, and the Ming Dynasty compiled the Collection of Han Junping.
Cold Food Festival is a traditional festival in ancient China, which usually lasts from winter to the future 105 and two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. The ancients attached great importance to this festival. According to the custom, every family banned fire and only ate ready-made food, hence the name cold food.
(2) Ming poetry, love reading.
Teacher: Read this poem freely and combine your notes to see if you can talk about the meaning of this poem.
"The spring city is full of flowers, and the cold food is easterly and the willows are oblique." The poet has a lofty foothold, a broad vision and a panoramic view of the whole city. The word "spring city" is highly concise and gorgeous. "Spring" is a natural season and climate, and cities are cities on earth. The combination of the two presents an infinitely beautiful scenery. "Flowers flying everywhere" is a typical picture captured by the poet. Spring is full of flavor, covering the whole city. The poet didn't say "flowers are flying everywhere", because this is just a general generalization, but "flowers are flying everywhere". This kind of double negation greatly strengthens the tone of affirmative sentences, effectively setting off the grand occasion that the whole city has been immersed in Fuchun. The poet didn't say "flowers are everywhere", but "flowers are flying everywhere", which not only helps to express the vitality of spring with the strong dynamic character of "flying", but also shows how accurate the poet is in describing time series. "Flying flowers" refers to falling flowers dancing with the wind. This is a typical late spring scenery. To say "flying flowers" instead of "falling flowers" is to write flowers clearly and write the wind secretly. A word "fly" has far-reaching implications. From this, we can fully appreciate the poet's kung fu of refining ci. It is no exaggeration to say that the reason why this poem can be spread through the ages is mainly because of the epigram of "Spring City is full of flowers", and the most striking word in this poem is "fly".
"Cold food, east wind and willow slanting", spring breeze blows all over the city, and naturally it also blows into the imperial garden. The weeping willows in the garden are also fluttering in the wind. The wind is invisible, and its existence can only be indirectly perceived through the flight of flowers and the inclination of willows. Accordingly, a word "oblique" also indirectly wrote the wind.
The third and fourth sentences are regarded by most commentators as allegories of court privileges and eunuchs' special favor. But we might as well consider it a genre painting. "At dusk, candles spread in the Han Palace, and light smoke scattered into the Five Emperors Hall". The realistic component is the main one. In the system of the Tang Dynasty, on Qingming Day, the emperor announced that he would give the fire of elm willow as a gift to the ministers around him to show his favor. Fire is forbidden in the cold food festival, and candles can be lit in the palace. "Candles are issued in the Han Palace at sunset", and the emperor can also make an exception and light candles and send them directly from the palace. There are naturally not many people who can get the honor of being given candles by the emperor. It is no wonder that the "light smoke" floating from the Han Palace (actually referring to the court of the Tang Dynasty) to the house of the Five Emperors will attract the poet's special attention.
(3) Understand poetry.
Teacher: If one or two sentences are a general description of the cold food scenery in Chang 'an, then three or four sentences are special scenes in this general scene. Couplet scenes have a period of time, one is written during the day, the other is written at night, and "sunset" is the turning point. Fire is forbidden in cold food festivals all over the world, with the exception of "burning candles in Teqi Street" (Yuan Zhen's Lianchang Palace Ci). In addition to the palace, your attendants can also get this favor. "Who enjoys this privilege first?
What do you think of writing when you see this?
(4) Read the whole poem aloud.
Third, the job design:
extreme
Teaching objectives:
1. Read ancient poetry with emotion, recite ancient poetry and eat cold food.
2. Read the illustrations and notes, understand the meaning of the poem, and experience the scenery described in the ancient poem and the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author.
3. Be able to write new words correctly.
Teaching focus:
Look at the illustrations and notes while reading, understand the meaning of the poem, and experience the scenery described in the ancient poem and the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author.
Teaching difficulties:
Look at the illustrations and notes while reading, understand the meaning of the poem, and experience the scenery described in the ancient poem and the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author.
Teaching process:
First, the introduction of problem solving
Cold food is an ancient traditional festival. One or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day, the ancients didn't make a fire to cook for three days, so it was called cold food. Let's take a look at Chang 'an during the Cold Food Festival.
Second, learn the poem "Cold Food"
1. Self-reading and accurate pronunciation
2. Guide the study of the first sentence
Show: Spring City is full of flowers.
(1) Divide a poem into words.
Spring City/Nowhere/Nothing/Flying Flowers
(2) Think about the meaning of each word. What if not? (Look up the dictionary and notes)
(3) Connect the words into sentences and talk about the meaning of this sentence.
3. Teach yourself the last three sentences.
4. Check and display (tilt ... Royal Willow ... Han Palace ...)
Instruct reading aloud
(1) Imagine what catkins are floating in the city in spring.
(2) The whole country is celebrating the Cold Food Festival. What is the palace doing? If you are a citizen of Chang 'an, how will you feel when you see this?
6. Read aloud with emotion.
Three. abstract
How do we learn ancient poetry today?
Fourth, homework
Teaching reflection
Cold Food Festival is a traditional festival in ancient China, which usually lasts from winter to the future 105 and two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. The ancients attached great importance to this festival. According to the custom, every family banned fire and only ate ready-made food, hence the name cold food. Because the festival is in late spring and the scenery is pleasant, cold food has become a good day to play from Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty. Song people said: "Cold food is the only festival in the world." (Shao Yong) The system of the Tang Dynasty. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, the emperor announced that he would give the fire of elm willow as a reward to the ministers around him to show his gratitude. In fact, Dou Shu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem entitled "Making a Fire at the Cold Food Festival": "Grateful for the light and small officials, the lights are on at the beginning of spring. The film follows the ambassador and the stars shine on passers-by. Fortunately, the willows are warm and the grass is poor. " You can use this poem of Han Yi for reference.
This poem only pays attention to the description of cold food scenes and does not involve any comments. The first sentence shows the charming scenery of Chang 'an in the Cold Food Festival. Calling Chang 'an in spring "Spring City" is not only novel in language, but also full of aesthetic feeling. Moreover, both words have Yin Pingyang's tone sandhi, which is harmonious and pleasing to the ear. Everywhere, "flying flowers" not only depict colorful spring, but also accurately show the scene of cold food in late spring. In late spring, catkins dance in the east wind, leaving countless red flowers. Say "everywhere" instead of "everywhere", and double negation constitutes affirmation, forming an emphasis tone, and the expression effect is stronger. "Flowers are Flying in Spring City" is about the whole Chang 'an, and the next sentence is about the scenery of the Imperial Capital. As the whole Chang 'an is full of spring and bustling, the scene of the palace can be imagined. Like the first sentence, here is not a direct description of the grand occasion of a spring outing, but a shot of infinite scenery blowing "Imperial Willow". At that time, the custom was to fold the willow into the door during the Cold Food Festival, so I wrote willow in particular. At the same time, it also takes care of the meaning of "giving a close minister with the fire of elm willow".
If one or two sentences are a general description of the cold food scenery in Chang 'an, then three or four sentences are special scenes in this general scene. Couplet scenes have a period of time, one is written during the day, the other is written at night, and "sunset" is the turning point. Fire is forbidden in cold food festivals all over the world, with the exception of "burning candles in Teqi Street" (Yuan Zhen's Lianchang Palace Ci). In addition to the palace, your attendants can also get this favor. This is the case with the sentence "Sunset", and it is also an image. Writing the word "pass" to the fire not only means dynamic, but also means giving one by one, which shows that the feudal hierarchy is strict. The word "light smoke scattered" vividly depicts a picture of China officials passing candles on horseback. Although I didn't write about a horse or a person, the faint smoke curled up, telling all the news, making people smell the smell of candle smoke and hear the sound of hooves, as if they were living on earth. At the same time, it will naturally give people an association and experience more meanings. First of all, the scenery varies from place to place, and every family forbids fire. The candles in the Han Palace are unique and contain the meaning of privilege. Moreover, the first to enjoy this privilege is the "Five Hous" family. Reminds people of the political disadvantages of eunuch dictatorship after the middle Tang Dynasty. Since the mid-Tang Dynasty, eunuchs have been good at political affairs, and politics has become increasingly important, just like the world at the end of the Han Dynasty. The substitution of "Han" for Tang in the poem is obviously ironic. No wonder Wu Qiao said, "The death of the Tang Dynasty was actually granted by our ancestors because eunuchs were in charge of troops. At the beginning of Dezong Jianzhong, this poem was only understood by the word' Five Hous', and the Tang poetry was even in the Spring and Autumn Period. " ("Poetry around the Furnace")
According to Meng Meng's Poem Art, Tang Dezong once appreciated Han Yi's poem very much, so he specially gave the prominent position of "the imperial doctor knows the imperial edict" to this frustrated poet for many years. At that time, because the secretariat of Jianghuai was also called Han Yi, Dezong wrote this poem in calligraphy and approved: "Han Yi by this", which became a much-told story for a while. Excellent literary works are often "images are greater than thoughts" (Gorky). Although this poem is only a description, the author's original intention is not necessarily ridicule, but the image he captured is very typical, which makes readers feel better than the work. Because the author did not deliberately pursue depth, but immersed himself in his own image and emotion to make poetry more subtle and full of emotion, which is better than many works of deliberate satire.