Chaucer was born into a wealthy wine merchant family in London. His father, John Chaucer, is a member of the Wine Merchants Association. He had a close relationship with the court and provided food for King Edward III. Because of this, Chaucer was sent to the court at the age of 17, and served as a maid for the king's daughter-in-law to serve the royal family. Two years later (1359), he went to France with the British army and was captured by the French army. His father and the king paid the price for his redemption. During the period of 10 after returning to China, he served in the imperial court and wrote many "short songs", "turns" and "turns" for the warriors and ladies of the imperial court.
Later, he served in the court, and served as a London customs inspector, a provincial judge and a member of parliament. From 1377 to 1385, Chaucer served as a diplomatic envoy and sent many missions to Belgium, France, Italy and other European countries. During his stay in Italy, he came into contact with the works of famous writers such as Dante and Boccaccio, and was influenced by Italian humanism and anti-religious spirit, which made his creative thoughts undergo profound changes. In his later years, Chaucer fell out of favor in the court, and was in a difficult situation, suffering from poverty and illness. He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey in London.