Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics is the general name of a group of painters and calligraphers with similar styles who were active in Yangzhou in the middle of Qing Dynasty in China, or Yangzhou Painting School. In the history of China's painting, there are different opinions. It is generally believed that Jin Nong, Zheng Xie, Huang Shen, Li, Wang and Gao Xiang are eight people.
1.-the legendary monster
Zheng Xie, a native of Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, was born in Kerou in 1920. Banqiao, and Kangxi Jinshi. Yongzheng juren ten years, the first year of Qianlong Jinshi.
Zheng Banqiao Hualan
Before and after he became an official, he lived in Yangzhou and made a living by painting and calligraphy. He is good at drawing orchids, bamboos, stones, pines and chrysanthemums. Painting orchids and bamboos has made the most outstanding achievements in more than 50 years. The method is taken from Xu Wei, Shi Tao and Badashan people, but it belongs to the family law, with elegant demeanor and sharp style.
Banqiao bamboo painting has the saying that "nothing can be achieved in the chest". He didn't have the teacher's experience in painting bamboo, and he got a lot from the sunshine and moonlight on the paper window and the powder wall, so he adopted a natural method directly. In response to Su Dongpo's statement that you have a good idea, Banqiao stressed that you have a good idea. You don't know what it is, so you should have a good idea. These two theories seem contradictory, but the essence is the same. At the same time, they emphasize the high combination of conception and skill. But Zheng Banqiao's method should be "like thunder, everything is angry". "All my paintings of orchids, bamboos and stones are used to comfort the working people in the world, not to enjoy the people in the world."
Banqiao calligraphy, which calls itself "six and a half books", is extremely chic. There are many kinds of seal script, official script, cursive script and regular script.
2. Gaoxiang-blame indifference.
Gao Xiang, whose real names are Fenggang, Xitang and Tang Zhi, is from Yangzhou, Jiangsu. Painter in Qing Dynasty, one of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou. Household cloth. Draw landscapes and flowers. His landscape paintings are based on Hong Ren and Shi Tao, and most of his small landscape paintings come from sketches. Beauty and elegance means having money and having its own pattern. Mei paintings are all thin, and they all win with rhyme. 〗
In his later years, he often painted with his left hand because of his disability in his right hand. Make friends with Shi Tao, Jin Nong and Wang. In the Qing Dynasty, Li Dou recorded in the Record of Yangzhou Painting Boat that "Shi Tao died, and the Western Tang Dynasty went to his grave every spring until his death." It means that after Shi Tao's death, Gao Xiang visited the grave every spring until his death. We can also see the depth of their friendship from here. Gao Xiang is good at painting landscapes and flowers, as well as photography and seal cutting.
3. Jin Nong has a unique talent.
If you knock at the door in the shade of a tree, it's an ordinary porridge. Today, I stood there empty-handed and watched a vine fall from the mountain yesterday.
Jin Nong, a native of Renhe, Zhejiang, whose real name is Shoumen and Dongxin, has lived in Yangzhou for a long time. Among the Eight Eccentrics, although he is not as famous as his friend Zheng Banqiao, he is ahead of the Eight Eccentrics with his first lacquer book. I have never been an official in my life, but I was recommended to be a scholar. I went back to Beijing without trying. He is knowledgeable and versatile. He began to paint after he was 50 years old and was poor all his life. He is good at flowers and birds, landscapes and figures, especially Mo Mei. His paintings are simple in shape, elegant in layout and novel in conception.
Jiujiang sailed alone the year before last. After the second watch, a cool flute went around the moon. Rotten silver plate, right in the middle of Guangtian, who steals dancing trees and scatters countless musk deer dust.
He created a kind of official script called "lacquer script", which has another kind of interest. It is also called Jinnong Style or Winter Heart Style. Its strokes are thick and thin, elegant and heavy, and the fonts are mostly rectangular, with top-heavy. It is very beautiful.
The boat in the red-violet is moored.
The mountains are green, the clouds are light, and there is water under the mountain. The sky flew without a trace.
Wushan is like a green snail, with more trees under it than cow hair. Picked a ling and picked another ling, laughing and singing across the boat. Wang Lao, who was seriously injured, drew a jade lake on the road. Love at both ends, tea misses the sunset.
Fine seal cutting and identification, good at painting bamboo, plum, pommel horse, Buddha statue, figure and landscape. You are Mo Zuomei. Plum blossoms are full of flowers and full of vitality. Coupled with Gu Zhuo's epigraphy, the style is unpretentious. He is also good at reciting. "When every painting is completed, there must be inscriptions and feelings." He is also good at calligraphy, writing simple official script, creating his own style of regular script, called "lacquer calligraphy", and has other hobbies. It is also called Jinnong style or Eastcom style. The strokes are thick and thin, elegant and heavy, and the fonts are mostly rectangular, top-heavy and very beautiful. Seal cutting in Qin and Han Dynasties.
4. Li complains about everything.
Shan Li, whose real name is CheungYueng, was born in Tang Fu,No. Ao Daoren, and was born in Xinghua, Jiangsu. In the fifth and fifty-third years of Kangxi, painting was called imperial sacrifice, but it was rejected because it didn't want to be bound by orthodox painting style. After working for three years, he was elected as the magistrate of tengxian, and returned to his office by appealing to the provinces. Two leather museums were closed, and after an official was demoted, he went to Yangzhou to sell paintings for a living.
He has the closest relationship with Zheng Xie, so Zheng had the idea of selling paintings in Yangzhou and growing old with Li. In his early years, he studied under Wei and later inherited Huang. After entering the palace, he studied painting with Jiang Ting. Later, I asked the master of finger painting for advice and advocated freehand brushwork.
In Yangzhou, inspired by Shi Tao's brushwork, he painted with broken pens and splashed ink, and his style changed greatly, forming his own unique style of free flow and ink and wash blending. He likes to draw long scrolls and inscriptions, with uneven handwriting and rich pictures, and his works have a great influence on flower-and-bird painting in the late Qing Dynasty.
5. Huang Shen 3354 is very strange in understanding.
Huang Shen, a native of Ninghua, Fujian, is known as Gongmao, Gongmao, Gongshou, Juzhuang, Yingpiao and Donghai Buyi. He is good at freehand brushwork of characters, intercropping flowers and birds, landscapes, poor brushwork and bold coloring. One of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" all-around painters.
When I was a child, I studied hard and lived in a small temple because of family difficulties. "Books are paintings, and there is no wax at night. You can read them from Buddhist temples. " He is good at figure painting. He studied under Shangguan Zhou in his early years and made many meticulous paintings. Later, inspired by the original work of Huai Su, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, it became a calligraphy style.
Huang Shen's freehand brushwork figures created a unique cursive style. When Huai Su's cursive script arrived in Huang Shen, it became "bald and bald". The combination of cotton changed from time to time, the brushwork was more rough and fierce, and the style was more extravagant. With this crazy brushwork, the brushwork is "swift as the wind", the weather is majestic, and the stippling is like a wind blowing away leaves. Huang Shen's figure paintings are mostly based on fairy tales, depicting the lives of historical figures, woodcutters, fishermen, refugees and beggars in real life, bringing a new breath to figure paintings in Qing Dynasty.
6. Li's accusation of 3354 is stubbornness.
Li Ying, a poet of Qing Dynasty in China, was born in Tongzhou, whose names are Qingjiang, Yiyuan and Baiyishan. I live in Jinling Borrowing Park, which was borrowed by the owner in my name. It is one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou".
The works, poems, paintings and calligraphy of Hami melon in the Western Region are good at plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, pine and fish. The tradition of attaching importance to learning from nature can be said to be unique, and its brushwork is vigorous, old, thick, concise, eclectic and lively.
He is good at drawing pines, bamboos, orchids, chrysanthemums, plums, miscellaneous flowers, insects, fish, figures and landscapes, especially plums. The works are bold and unrestrained, splashed with ink, rough and messy, not limited to R.
Judging from the world plum he painted, not all of them are luxuriant, but they often draw sparse branches. Whether it's simple or complicated, it's fun to pack sachets and snow in the mountains. Fifty-four years old, blind in the left eye, can draw plum blossoms. When it was displayed, it said, "The left eye is blind, and the other eye sees plum blossoms." At the age of 67, he was blind, but he could still write Weeds to express his thoughts. He turned a blind eye to his own eyes and turned a blind eye to his own heart. Good poem, written by "Nest Forest Poetry".
8. Luo Pin blamed the mission.
, the word Dunfu,no. Liangfeng, also known as Hua' an monk, Zhou Yu Jinniushan, old man. Famous painter in Qing Dynasty, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". As a disciple of Jin Nong, he is not an official, so he can travel.
Draw figures, Buddha statues, landscapes, flowers, fruits, plums, orchids, bamboos, etc. Can do anything. Unique style, detachment and uniqueness. He is also good at drawing funny ghost paintings, describing all kinds of ugly ghosts, and satirizing the ugly state of society at that time wonderfully. He is also a poet, and his work "Xiang Ye Cao Tangji". He is also good at carving, including the biography of Guangyin people.
After Jin Nong's death, he collected manuscripts and contributed to the engraving, so that Jin Nong's works could be passed down to later generations. His wife, Fang Wanyi, whose name is Bai Lian, is also good at painting plum, orchid, bamboo, stone and writing poems. Zi Shao and both of them are good at painting plums, and they are called "Luo Pai".
* * * Similarities
First, the ups and downs of life experience
Most of them have experienced the ups and downs of life and finally embarked on the road of selling paintings for a living. Although they sell paintings, they use paintings to express their feelings, have higher pursuit of painting and calligraphy, and are unwilling to flow into the ranks of ordinary painters. They are full of grievances, infinite anger and deep sympathy for the poor. They attack ugly things and people with the keen insight and kind sympathy of intellectuals, or write poems or show various paintings and calligraphy. However, their daily behavior did not go beyond the scope of ethics at that time, nor did they indulge like Jin literati-playing dumb and laughing. They communicate with officials and celebrities, attend poetry receptions and behave like normal people.
Second, a unique way of thinking.
Eight eccentrics don't want to take the road that others have started, but want to find another way. They want to create "words that expose the earth, words that shock the thunderstorm, the talk of ghosts and gods, and no paintings of ancient and modern times", which is different from the ancients, independent of the times and customs, and original in style. Their works are contrary to people's appreciation habits, which makes people feel novel and a bit "strange".
Third, unconventional skills.
Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics inherited and developed China's painting tradition, but they have different views on inheriting tradition and creative methods. As Wang Hui, an "authentic" painter, said, painting should be a great achievement that "Yuan people painted straight ink, transported the mountains and valleys of Song people, and naturally the charm of Tang people".
Fourth, freedom of writing.
"Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" also respects tradition, but it is different from "authentic". They inherited the creative methods of Shi Tao, Xu Wei, Zhu Da and others, and did not stick to copying ancient methods. Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics sought inspiration from nature, sought themes from life, and set out to be themselves, unwilling to be like others, which was refreshing at that time. His works are unconstrained and unconstrained by customs and ancient laws, which broke the rigid situation at that time, brought new vitality to China's paintings, and influenced and nurtured later artists such as Zhao, Wu Changshuo, Qi Baishi and Xu Beihong.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) special and high standard behavior
They hated the vulgarity, immorality and flattery prevailing in the officialdom at that time. Except for Li He, who was a small magistrate, everyone else took "Lu Lian" and "Jie Zhitui" as lifelong models and didn't want to be an official until their death. Most of the interests of "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" are integrated into poetry, painting and calligraphy, and they never whitewash peace. They use poetry and painting.