I. Introduction to the author
Mao Zedong (1893— 1976), whose real name is Runzhi, took his pen name as Zi Ren. Shaoshan, Xiangtan, Hunan, rushes to people. Great proletarian revolutionist, strategist, thinker, poet and calligrapher. He has high attainments in literature, and has created a lot of poems in his life. His poetry works are bold and bold, with broad artistic conception, which depicts the magnificent picture of China revolution and shows the feelings of a great revolutionary.
Second, the story background
1936, after Japanese imperialism invaded the three northeastern provinces, it extended its claws to North China, and the country and nation were in danger. Mao Zedong led the Red Army's Long March troops to Yuanjiagou, Qingjian County, northern Shaanxi Province, and prepared to cross the river and go to the anti-Japanese front. In order to investigate the terrain, Mao Zedong once boarded the snow-covered Yuan Shang at an altitude of 1000 meters. When the great rivers and mountains of "A Thousand Miles of Ice" were displayed in front of him, he couldn't help but write down this bold and unconstrained word with emotion. 1945 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Mao Zedong went to Chongqing to negotiate with the Kuomintang. At the same time, the poet Liu Yazi asked Mao Zedong for a sentence, and Mao Zedong gave him a poem "A Garden full of Chun Xue".
Third, stylistic knowledge.
Ci originated in Sui and Tang Dynasties and prevailed in Song Dynasty. It is sung with music and irregular sentence patterns, also called "long and short sentences". Ci was originally sung with music, which is called "Quzi Ci". Later, Ci, like Yuefu poetry, gradually separated from music and became a different style of poetry, so some people called Ci "poetry". According to the number of words, words can be divided into Xiao Ling (less than 58 words), Middle Tone (59 words -90 words) and Long Tone (more than 9/kloc-0 words).
Structurally, it is generally composed of epigrams, titles, upper films and lower films. A epigraph is the name of the tone of a word, which specifies the number of words, the number and level of sentences. The title is generally the concentrated expression of the content of the word, which summarizes the main content of the word.
Fourth, understand the meaning of words.
1. Only the vast: only a piece of white. Only, only. Vast, the word means boundless.
2. must: wait.
3. Red makeup: describes the magnificent scenery of sunny days after snow. Red sun and white snow complement each other. Red skirt originally refers to women's colorful clothes, which means that the sun shines on the earth. Plain wrapping originally refers to women's light clothes, and the word refers to snow covering the earth.
4. Enchanting: charming and beautiful.
5. Bend: Bow and fall.
6. literary talent: this refers to rhetoric. Words are used to generalize culture in a broad sense, including politics, ideology and culture.
7. coquettish: originally refers to Guo Feng in The Book of Songs and Li Sao in The Songs of the South. Words are used to generalize culture in a broad sense, including politics, ideology and culture.
8. Let bygones be bygones. Everything is past. All, all.
9. Romantic figure: This term refers to a hero who can make contributions.
V. Text level
Shangcheng: describe the snow scene in the north, express feelings by borrowing the scenery, and enthusiastically praise the great rivers and mountains of the motherland.
Xia Kun: On the heroes of past dynasties, expressing the poet's lofty aspirations.
Sixth, the problem summary.
1. What sentences does Shang Kun often write when describing the snow scene in the north? Which sentences are written separately? What kind of scenery is described in the north?
Scenery in the North-Snow in Wan Li always writes, and Looking at the inside and outside of the Great Wall-extraordinarily enchanting writes "Thousands of miles of ice are frozen, and snow is floating in Wan Li" respectively. (pay attention to "sealing" and "floating"; Intertextuality) The first sentence creates a world of ice and snow and vast expanse, and its writing is a combination of dynamic and static.
2. What sentence does the word "Wang" in Uptown lead to? "Mountain dance is like a silver snake, and the original wax elephant", how can it be that the mountain dance is like a silver snake and the plateau runs like a white elephant?
The word "hope" leads to "trying to compete with God". Below the word "Wang" is a magnificent landscape painting. The Great Wall and the Yellow River are symbols of the spirit of the Chinese nation, which can best reflect the northern landscape, complement Li Qian and Wan Li, and continue to describe the vastness of the region. "Mountain dancing with silver snake, original wax elephant" personifies "mountain" and "original" with metaphor. Snowflakes are dynamic, saying that the "mountain" is dancing, the "original" is flying vividly, and the snow in Wan Li changes from static to static, with vivid pictures and spectacular scenery!
3. How did the poet turn his praise of the mountains and rivers of the motherland into a comment on historical figures?
"Jiangshan is like this-competing for the waist" is a transitional sentence connecting the preceding with the following. "Jiao" is a kind of female beauty, which complements "being dressed in red, especially enchanting". "Leading countless heroes to participate in the competition" leads to the following. The word "competition" describes the fierce struggle between heroes, and the image of "bending over" describes the rise of one hero after another, which can best summarize the motivation and attitude of each hero.
4. What feelings does the word "pity" in Xiatan contain for the author? Which historical figures have you commented on? What are the functions of "omitted" and "omitted"? What's the difference between "slightly losing", "slightly inferior" and "only knowing"?
A word "Xi" is euphemistic and accurate, with both praise and criticism. It affirms the great achievements of Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi, Emperor Taizong, Song Taizu and Genghis Khan, and also points out their weakness of lack of literacy and literary talent. "Slight" and "slight" make the author's comments on historical figures objective, accurate and measured. Compared with "only knowing", "slightly losing" and "slightly inferior", the procedure of praise and criticism is different, and "only knowing" is more negative than the former.
5. How to understand "the past is a romantic figure, but also depends on the present"?
The ancient emperors are all gone, and it depends on those who criticize the current situation, as well as the present and the people. The verbs "number" and "look" show confidence in the proletariat in China, and the heroes of past dynasties have been swept away by the rolling historical torrent. Only today's proletariat is the real driving force to push forward history and the well-deserved master of the great rivers and mountains of the motherland.
6. What are the characteristics of this initial?
The language of this word is very concise, appropriate and expressive. The whole poem is only 1 14 words, which clearly outlines a picture of the scenery of the northern country, comments on historical figures of the next thousand years in a measured way, and expresses the poet's lofty aspirations. "Hope" and "pity" guide the following; Verbs "wind", "gone with the wind", "dance" and "eat" are combined with exercise; "Slightly losing", "slightly inferior" and "only knowing" are euphemistic and implicit. There are many rhetorical devices such as metaphor, antithesis, personification, etc. The sentence patterns are mostly short sentences, mainly four sentences, with distinct rhythm. This makes the whole word quite bold in rhythm.
7. The purpose of this word is to praise the contemporary "romantic figures". Why should we capitalize on the snow scene and comment on the emperor?
The poet describes the snow scene in the severe winter in the north, expresses the magnificence of mountains and rivers, expresses his feelings, exerts his rich and unique imagination, and shows the beauty of the sun shining on the vast snow and ice picture scroll. It is precisely because "there are so many beautiful women in the country" that countless heroes naturally compete for beauty. The poet used a word of "pity", "slight loss", "slight inferiority" and "only knowledge" to evaluate the five feudal emperors, and objectively evaluated their lack of martial arts and literary talents, that is, their achievements in literary administration. Some poets have paved the way for the evaluation of heroes in past dynasties, and then the theme of "counting romantic figures and looking at the present" naturally came.
Seven. Theme of the text
This poem expresses the poet's love for the magnificent rivers and mountains of the motherland by describing the magnificent and enchanting beautiful snow scene in the north and discussing the heroes in history, thus expressing his lofty aspirations and firm beliefs.
Lesson 2 "I love this land" Ai Qing
I. Introduction to the author
Ai Qing (19 10- 1996), formerly known as Jiang Haicheng. Jinhua, Zhejiang, is a famous modern poet in China. The main poetry collections are North, Towards the Sun, Dawn Notice, etc. "Land" and "Sun" are two images that often appear in his poems.
Second, the story background
I love this land was written in 1938 after the beginning of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. At that time, the Japanese invaders successively captured vast areas of North China, East China and South China, and the people of China rose up and fought indomitable. The poet wrote this impassioned poem at the critical moment of national decline and national peril, with love for the motherland and hatred for the invaders.
Third, solve the problem.
1. Analysis of the expression effect of "hoarseness".
"hoarseness" modifies the throat, which vividly shows the suffering and unyielding spirit of this bird, indicating that its singing is made with its whole life. Expressed the poet's persistent love for the motherland.
2. What are the profound meanings of the images such as "land", "river", "wind" and "dawn" in the content of Bird Singing? What are the functions of modifiers such as "battered by the storm", "sad" and "upset" in front of the image?
The "stormy land" symbolizes the motherland that is being bullied by the Japanese invaders, and the "river of grief and indignation" symbolizes the grief and indignation suppressed in the hearts of Chinese children. "Angry Wind Blows Endlessly" symbolizes the people's anger at the atrocities of the invaders; The "incomparably gentle dawn" symbolizes the dawn of independence and freedom for which the people struggle and devote themselves. These modifiers enrich the connotation of the image, indicating that the Chinese nation is suffering under the iron heel of the Japanese invaders and the people of China are waging an indomitable struggle.
3. How to understand that birds throw their bodies into the arms of the land after death?
After the bird died, he put his body into the embrace of the land, and even his feathers were integrated with the land, but he still did not change his persistent love for the land, expressing the poet's attachment to the motherland and his strong desire to die for the motherland.
4. What is the function of the second section in the whole poem? What does it have to do with paragraph 1?
In the second section, the poet's sincere and ardent patriotism is set off by asking questions and expressing his thoughts directly, and the theme of the poem is revealed. If section 1 is an exposition of the theme of "loving the land (motherland)", then the short and pithy two lines in section 2 are a highly concise summary of the theme.
5. Read "I Love This Land" and analyze the connotation of this poem.
The poet begins with "If I were a bird", and the "singing" is a "bird" and a "poet"; It is a "bird" whose feathers are rotten in the ground, which shows the poet's desire to devote himself to the motherland. The poet wrote the passive ending of "even the feathers rotted in the soil" after the bird died as an active pursuit, which more truly showed the poet's dedication and made the realm of poetry deeper and wider. The last two sentences are the essence of the whole poem, and they are the confession of a patriotic intellectual's sincere love for the motherland in that miserable era. This kind of love will never die, not only from the poet's heart, but also from the patriotic feelings of the whole nation.
Fourth, the theme of the text
The poet assumes that he is a bird, and through the bird's singing of the land, he expresses the poet's incomparable love for the motherland in distress and his strong desire to sacrifice his life for the motherland.
Writing characteristics of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
1. The image has rich connotations and appropriate symbolism.
Everything in the poem has rich connotations. "Bird" is the virtual and generic name of the poet, and it is also a * * * name. Those who sing hoarse are both "birds" and "I" (poets). The earth, the river, the wind and the dawn are all endowed with some meaning by the poet. For example, "land" symbolizes the motherland that is being bullied by Japanese aggressors.
2. The lyrical way is unique, and the emotional expression is strengthened layer by layer.
Using metaphor to express emotion is a clever way to express emotion; In order to resonate with readers for a long time, the poet also constantly strengthens the feelings of the work itself. At the beginning of the work, he used "if ……", which is the first layer of reinforcement; Describing bird calls as "hoarseness" is the second layer of reinforcement; Describe land, rivers, etc. with a series of sentences. With a series of modifiers, this is the third layer of reinforcement.
Lesson 3 Homesickness Yu Guangzhong
I. Introduction to the author
Yu Guangzhong is a famous poet in Taiwan Province. Born in Yongchun County, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 1928 was born in Nanjing. When he was young, he studied in a different place and 1949 left the mainland. Since then, he has been wandering for more than half a century. From Jiangnan to Sichuan, from the mainland to Taiwan Province Province and Treasure Island, from the United States to Hong Kong to find a job, and finally back to Taiwan Province Province. His main poems include Nostalgia, Lotus Association, Beating Music and In the Age of the Cold War.
Second, the writing background
Yu Guangzhong lives in Taiwan Province, but his heart is full of homesickness. At the same time, due to the long-term isolation between Taiwan Province Province and the mainland, this kind of homesickness objectively has specific and extensive contents that can't be compared with homesickness in any previous era. Yu Guangzhong said: "I am glad that I was 2 1 year old when I left the mainland. I was educated by the traditional Four Books and Five Classics, and also influenced by the May 4th New Literature. China culture has taken root in my heart. If homesickness has only pure distance and no vicissitudes, it is thin. I gradually realized that homesickness should be my attachment to China, including geography, history and culture. " Later, he felt hopeless to return to China, so he wrote this song "Homesickness".
Third, understand the meaning of words.
1. hoarseness: hoarseness.
2. Grief: Grief.
3. Irritate: Stimulate makes people angry.
Fourth, solve the problem.
1. "Homesickness" was originally an abstract emotion. How did the poet turn it into a concrete and sensible image?
The author skillfully materialized the emotion of "homesickness", that is, found its counterpart. At every stage of life, poets pin their homesickness on stamps, boat tickets, tombs, straits and other counterparts, so that the poet's homesickness will not be attached, thus transforming abstract emotions into concrete and sensible images.
2. What are the characteristics of the four images in the poem, namely modifiers, restrictive adjectives and quantifiers * * *? What is the expression effect in the poem?
The four quantifiers "piece", "side" and "bay" and the four adjectives "small", "narrow", "short" and "shallow" all condensed homesickness into four small and light objects in a seemingly understated way, which just reflected the poet's deep homesickness and created the whole poem.
3. What role does the fourth verse play in the expansion of the poem?
The shallow strait not only separates "I" from the motherland, but also is insurmountable. Here, the poet's homesickness has been sublimated, from the personal hometown thinking to the universal home country thinking. Sublimate the theme, with endless aftertaste.
4. In Homesickness, are the four images used by the poet the same as homesickness? Please analyze it briefly.
It's different. The four images show the love between mother and child, the love between husband and wife, the mourning for the loss of mother and the patriotic thoughts respectively. When I miss my mother when I was a child, I can write a letter and post a stamp, and I can send my feelings of missing my mother back to my hometown. Although the ticket is narrow, a ticket allows the author to board the ship and come to his beloved wife. It is conceivable that these two things have merged into the author's deep homesickness. Graves are different. When the author came to his mother's grave, he never saw her. Even if there are thousands of words, who can he tell? And the fourth "Strait" has entered a new height. If the "short grave" is death, then the "shallow channel" is the pain in death. The mainland of the motherland is on the other side, but the "shallow strait" just can't pass. His attachment to the mainland can only surpass that of his mother and wife. At this point, the feelings of poetry have been sublimated from homesickness to feelings of home and country.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) is the subject of the text.
The poet chose four symbolic images: stamps, boat tickets, graves and straits. With the change of time and space, he expressed his endless homesickness and his strong desire to reunite with his relatives and realize the reunification of the motherland at an early date.
Lesson 4 "You are April Day on Earth" Lin Yinhui
I. Introduction to the author
Lin (1904— 1955), a native of Min County, Fujian Province, is a famous architect, poet and writer in China. Together with her husband Liang Sicheng, she studied the ancient architecture in China with modern scientific methods, which laid a solid scientific foundation for the study of ancient architecture in China. In literature, there are essays, poems, novels, dramas, translations and letters, and the representative works include You are an April Day on Earth, Lotus Lantern and Ninety-nine Degrees. Among them, "You are April Day on Earth" is the most well-known and widely read.
Second, the background of the text
This poem was published in Wenxue 1934, and the specific writing time is unknown. There are two opinions about this poem: one is that it was written to commemorate Xu Zhimo and to express the memory of his close friend; One said it was written for the birth of his son Liang Congjie, expressing his hope for his son and the joy brought by his birth. However, we can completely put aside these arguments, because this poem is really an excellent work, and its value does not need any external support. Therefore, when the poet died, friends such as Jin wrote such an elegy to the poet: "A poetic waterfall, an April day on earth."
Third, solve the problem.
1. What is the function of the subtitle "Praise of Love"?
The subtitle implies the writing reason of poetry, that is, the poet's praise for life. The whole poem is like being enveloped in a glowing aura of love.
2. Taking April as a metaphor, what are the characteristics of "you"?
"You" are bright and changeable, gentle and moving, graceful and fresh, yet innocent and solemn, full of vitality and exciting.
3. How does the author describe the abstract image of wind?
This place uses poetic image analysis. The wind is abstract, but it is lit by the laughter of love. From hearing to vision, guide readers to truly appreciate from various senses and angles. The so-called "laughter" is a vivid description of "love". The more "dancing" it is, the more unforgettable it is.
4. What kind of reading experience do these words in the poem give you?
Poetry uses these colorful and lively images to blend the bright goose yellow after snow, the new green shoots, the white lotus in the dream, and all kinds of fresh, bright, beautiful and quiet colors. Coupled with "light wind", "soft smoke", "twinkling stars" and "continuous drizzle", a series of beautiful pictures, such as the breeze blowing in April, the sunset on the lake, the veils of clouds and smoke, the rain moistening everything, the joy of life and so on, leap from word to word in the form of poems.
5. Why do poems use the second person to express feelings?
The poet compares the "you" in his heart with the beautiful spring, and expresses his love for "you" in his heart through the dyeing and writing of spring. Using the second person as "you" makes it easier to directly tell your inner feelings, put your image in front of your eyes, and talk about your love face to face, which is kind and touching, thus arousing readers' * * *.
Fourth, the theme of the text
The poet used the warm and beautiful image of "April Day" and the brisk and cheerful rhythm to compose a hymn of life, expressing the poet's inner love, warmth and hope for new things.
Lesson 5 "I see" Mu Dan
I. Introduction to the author:
Mu Dan (1918-1977), formerly known as Cha, is a famous poet and translator. After 1980s, many modern literature experts praised him as the first person in modern poetry.
Second, the article appreciation:
What kind of picture did the poet draw?
At dusk, birds soar in the deep sky, and the sunset dyes the clouds on the horizon, and the rosy clouds cover the sky.
This poem shows that the spring of life has strong vitality, full of longing and pursuit, and also expresses the author's joy and sadness.
Third, explore:
1. Thinking: When did I describe what I saw and express my feelings?
Clear: "I" saw the unique scenery of spring in a Spring Festival Evening and realized the vitality and strength of life.
2. What kind of picture will "I saw it" lead to?
Clarity: communication: the spring water under the spring breeze is rippling with grass, a green picture of late spring.
3. Read the first section and think: What images does the first section contain? What are the characteristics of nature in spring?
Safety: spring breeze, grass. It shows the vitality and beauty of nature.