1. Work objectives and key areas for the pilot construction of national ecological function reserves:
1. Work objectives
National ecological function reserves are It refers to special protection areas delineated in important ecological functional areas that play an important role in maintaining the ecological balance of river basins and regions, mitigating natural disasters, and ensuring national and regional ecological security. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, we must strive to establish 8-10 national ecological function reserves.
2. Key areas
Key areas for the construction of national ecological function reserves include: the source areas of the Yangtze River and Yellow River; important water source conservation areas such as Maqu and Zoige; Tarim River, Heihe River, etc. Desert oasis ecosystem maintenance area; Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, and Sanjiang Plain natural flood storage area; windbreak and sand fixation area at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain, etc.
2. Basic conditions for the pilot construction of national ecological functional reserves
1. It is an important ecological functional area across provinces, key river basins, and key regions, and has experienced serious degradation , rescue and protection measures must be taken;
2. It has certain representativeness and operability, and has a significant impact on regional social and economic development;
3. Local party committee and government leaders Pay attention and be motivated;
4. The environmental protection organization is sound and has strong organizational and coordination capabilities;
5. Have a certain work foundation and have done work in planning, scientific research, monitoring, etc. Groundwork.
3. Submission procedures and material requirements
1. The environmental protection administrative departments of the people's governments of provinces and autonomous regions shall organize inspections and demonstrations of the proposed national ecological function reserves, and conduct 2. The people's government of the province or autonomous region determines the application list for the proposed national ecological functional protection zone and submits the application list together with the proposed national ecological protection zone. A brief report on functional protected areas shall be submitted to the State Environmental Protection Administration. A brief report on the proposed national ecological function reserve should include:
(1) The necessity and significance of establishing a national ecological function reserve;
(2) Natural and social , Economic overview;
(3) Construction goals, tasks, measures, and steps;
(4) Guarantee conditions.
The text should be within 2000 words and be concise and to the point.
IV. Approval and management of pilot projects
1. The State Environmental Protection Administration will organize expert inspections and demonstrations, and announce the list of pilot projects for the construction of national ecological functional reserves.
2. In the areas identified as the first batch of pilot projects for the construction of national ecological functional reserves, a national ecological functional reserve construction leading group headed by the leader of the local provincial or autonomous region people's government shall be established. It will lead the pilot work in a unified manner and set up an office affiliated with the environmental protection administrative department.
3. The environmental protection administrative departments of the people's governments of provinces and autonomous regions shall work together with the planning departments to organize the preparation of pilot plans and supervise their implementation.
4. After the preparation of the national ecological functional protection zone construction plan is completed, the provincial and autonomous region environmental protection administrative departments shall report it to the local provincial and autonomous region people's government, and obtain the review and approval of experts organized by the State Environmental Protection Administration. Approved and implemented by the people's governments of provinces and autonomous regions.
5. For the management of national ecological functional reserves, a management agency shall be established or designated by the local people's government to be responsible for daily management.
Wetland status China’s existing wetland area is 65.94 million hectares (excluding rivers, ponds, etc.), accounting for 10% of the world’s wetlands, ranking first in Asia and fourth in the world. Among them, there are about 25.94 million hectares of natural wetlands, including about 11.97 million hectares of swamps, about 9.1 million hectares of natural lakes, about 2.17 million hectares of intertidal tidal flats, and 2.7 million hectares of shallow sea waters; about 40 million hectares of artificial wetlands, including about 200 million hectares of reservoir water surfaces. million hectares, including about 38 million hectares of rice fields. According to preliminary statistics, there are about 101 families of wetland vegetation in China, including about 94 families of vascular plants. There are more than 100 endangered species of higher plants in China's wetlands. There are about 8,200 species of organisms in coastal wetlands, including 5,000 species of plants and 3,200 species of animals. There are about 1,548 species of higher plants and more than 1,500 species of higher animals in inland wetlands. China has more than 770 species or subspecies of freshwater fish, including many migratory fish, which rely on the special environment provided by the wetland system to spawn and reproduce. There are many kinds of birds in China's wetlands. Among the 57 endangered bird species in Asia, 31 species are found in China's wetlands, accounting for 54%. There are 166 species of geese and ducks in the world, and 50 species are found in China's wetlands, accounting for 30%. There are 15 species of cranes in the world, and only 9 species have been recorded in China.
Wetland biodiversity protection. As of the end of 2002, 535 wetland type protected areas have been established in seven major river basins including the Yangtze River, covering an area of ??16 million hectares, making nearly 40% of the natural wetlands and 33 national key Protected animals are well protected within the protected area. To protect rare and endangered waterfowl, China has listed 11 species of waterfowl as national first-level protected wild animals and 22 species as national second-level protected wild animals. For some rare and endangered species, in addition to on-site protection in protected areas, artificial breeding has also been carried out. Sanctuaries or breeding centers have been established for alligator, Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser dabricus, white sturgeon, white-tip dolphin, giant salamander and other endangered aquatic wildlife.
The population of alligators at the Anhui Alligator Breeding Center has reached more than 8,000. In the field of freshwater dolphin research in the world, China is in a leading position in scientific research on white-tip dolphins; artificial breeding of alligators, Chinese sturgeons, mullet fish and other species has been successful; artificial domestication of giant salamanders, sea turtles, mountain rhinoceros and other species and other related scientific research Some research in the field has also made great progress.
Wetland Survey and Scientific Research The State Forestry Administration, together with relevant departments and scientific research units, has carried out various scientific research in the fields of wetland survey, classification, formation and evolution, ecological protection, pollution prevention and control, rational development, utilization and management. , carried out a national wetland resource survey and initially grasped the status of wetland resources. We have conducted long-term and in-depth research on ecosystems such as swamps, lakes, mangroves, and coral reefs, and accumulated a large amount of data; we have conducted research on the geographical distribution, population size, ecological habits, feeding and breeding, risk factors, and protection strategies of some rare waterbirds. A lot of research has been carried out; through bird banding work, we have gained an in-depth understanding of the migration activities of Chinese birds, especially waterbirds.
Excerpted from "2003 China Environmental State Bulletin"