Thirteen sons of Chunli, Tang Xianzong, Yuanhe, was born in Daming Palace on June 22nd, five years (8 10). He is Tang Muzong Hengli's younger brother and Tang Wuzong Liyan's uncle.
Xuanzongqin devoted himself to political affairs and worked hard to govern the country. He likes reading Zhenguan dignitaries very much. He rectified the bureaucracy and restricted the intimacy between the emperor and eunuchs. He retaliated against all the officials who died in the Mana Rebellion except Zheng Li, and tried to eradicate eunuchs, but in view of the experience of the previous Mana Rebellion, he failed to take action. Xuanzong ruled the country diligently, sympathized with the people's feelings, reduced taxes, paid attention to selecting talents, eased class contradictions, and the people became richer day by day, which made the very corrupt Tang Dynasty show a well-off situation of "revival", which was called the rule of middle and large size in history.
As soon as Xuanzong ascended the throne, Li Deyu, the prime minister of Wuzong Dynasty and an important official in the late Tang Dynasty, was expelled from the court. Until his death, Li Deyu failed to return to the DPRK. Zhong of Niu Party also served as prime minister, and the struggle between Niu Party and Li Party lasted for decades ended in the complete failure of Li Party. In terms of foreign relations, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty also took advantage of the decline of Tubo and Uighur to send troops to recover the land of Hehuang, pacify Tubo, "seal off three states and seven customs, south of Pingjiangling", and nominally opened up the Silk Road.
In May of the 13th year of Dazhong (859), Xuanzong was poisoned by taking elixir, and his physical condition was extremely poor, so he could not go to court for more than a month. In August, Xuanzong, who was terminally ill, died. The harem changes frequently, and Xuanzong doesn't know. He always trusted Prime Minister Ling Hu Mao to handle the funeral. He did one last thing for him. His ministers went to posthumous title to say "Emperor Wu Xianwen was filial", and the temple was named Xuanzong. In February of the following year, he was buried in Ling Zhen.
Historically, when Xuanzong was in power, he burned three fires, one made Quan Hao disappear, the other made the treacherous court official fear the law, and the third made the palace master angry. He was known as the "wise king" and the "English master".
dependent event
"Little Taizong" and "Little Zhenguan"
Everyone knows the concept of Emperor Taizong and the prosperity of Zhen Guan created by him, but Li Chen's achievements of Xuanzong can be described by Emperor Taizong and Zhen Guan Prosperity, which shows its extraordinary features. Twenty years' experience of political struggle tempered his tactics and wisdom, and the inhuman treatment among the people made him more aware of the sufferings of the people. All this broke out like a blowout after Li Chen ascended the throne! Li Chen first removed Li Deyu, the most important official of Wu Zongshi, from the temple in a very short time, and transferred Jingnan to our time. Such drastic measures even caught Li Deyu's political opponent Niu Sen off guard. Later, he used a lot of cattle party member who attached great importance to the imperial examination, and Xuanzong himself attached great importance to the imperial examination. Wu Zongshi once wiped out the Buddha on a large scale in the whole country, and he also recovered appropriately when Xuanzong was in power.
In addition, under the leadership of Zhang Yichao, the soldiers and civilians of Shazhou (now Dunhuang), who fought alone for four years, expelled the commander of the Tubo garrison and recovered Shazhou, and rejoined the Tang Dynasty in five years.
Xuanzong was also very good at manipulating his ministers. Ling Huxuan, the prime minister who won the highest honor from Xuanzong's relatives in middle age, once said: "I was in power for ten years, and the emperor trusted me very much, but when I played in Yan Ying Hall, I was always sweating." However, Xuanzong was very courteous to the ministers, treating them with affection, being polite and very respectful. Therefore, using kindness, prestige and authority to control ministers is called governing the country with wisdom.
Xuanzong is also extremely approachable. As long as Xuanzong met once, some low-level handymen in the palace could remember each other's looks and names, as well as the work they were responsible for, and never made any mistakes. If these imperial concubines were ill, Xuanzong would send a physician to treat them, and even personally visit their illness and give them gifts, which can be said to be extremely rare among kings of past dynasties.
Xuanzong is also extremely self-disciplined in sex, and can even be called paranoia. During Xuanzong's reign, there was a place dedicated to a song and dance band composed of women, and one of them was added to the harem by Xuanzong. After a while, Xuanzong thought it was possible to reproduce the story of Xuanzong Dynasty. So in order to cut off his thoughts about this woman, Xuanzong simply sent her a cup of poisoned wine to the grave, which was terrible. (Historians are also controversial about this matter, so it is hereby noted. )
However, for the increasingly serious eunuch problem, Xuanzong did not have a good solution in view of the "nectar change", especially Xuanzong himself was saved by eunuchs and supported by eunuchs, so he could only try to contain the eunuch forces in a small scope. However, due to the proper disposal of Xuanzong, the eunuch power did not expand too much in the Middle Ages, nor did it cause too much harm to the country.
Xuanzong has many other advantages, such as versatility, frugality and love of reading. About these advantages, you can basically refer to the lives of other famous kings, so I won't describe them in detail here.
Strict education for children
Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was a thrifty emperor, and he was even more strict with his children, almost to the point of ingratitude.
His eldest daughter, Princess Wanshou, married Zheng Hao alive. As usual, the car decoration is silver foil, starting from Xuanzong and changing to bronze. When the princess got married, Xuanzong personally warned her that when she went to her husband's house, she should strictly observe women's morality and not despise her husband's family with royal nobles. Once, Xu's younger brother was seriously ill, and Xuanzong sent a messenger from China to visit him. When China's envoy returned to North Korea, Xuanzong asked if the princess was there. China's envoy answered the phone, and the princess was watching a play in Ji 'an. Xuanzong was furious and said, "I sometimes blame the literati for not wanting to marry the princess until now." So he ordered someone to call the princess and reprimanded her face to face: "Xiao Lang is ill, why don't you go to the theatre?" What a scandal! "When the princess saw her father's anger, she was so scared that she immediately confessed that she had turned over a new leaf and didn't dare to do it again.
Surprisingly, Princess Yongfu, the second daughter of Xuanzong, has been chosen as her husband and will get married the next day. The princess is also very happy. It happened that when I was eating at the same table with Xuanzong, my chopsticks were broken because of a trivial matter. Xuanzong lost his temper and said angrily, "How can you marry a scholar-bureaucrat as a wife?" Soon, a decree was issued to let Princess Guangde's four daughters marry Yu Zong. In this way, Princess Yongfu watched her fiance be taken away by her father and given to her sister.
Are you a monk?
Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty is the source of monk affairs, mainly Wei Zhaodu's Reading the Royal Family and Gu Ling's Legacy of Ling Zhen. In these two articles, they said that Tang Wuzong tried to kill King Guang (later Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty) in order to compete for the throne. So he sent four attendants to arrest the king of light and immerse him in the toilet of the palace. A eunuch named Qiu wanted to help, so he kicked him out of the royal family, saying that he had killed King Guang. Three years later, Wu Zong died, and the eunuch leader invited Guang Wang to be the royal family. Although the article is very obscure and does not directly explain that Xuanzong once became a monk, this legend did appear at that time. Maybe this is one of the reasons for the legend. Tales of China and Korea in the Five Dynasties, Tales of Dreams in the North and Xia Qian in the Song Dynasty also recorded that King Guang fled to the south of the Yangtze River and fled into an empty net. Zanning at the end of the Five Dynasties and the beginning of the Song Dynasty also said that Xuanzong had become a monk and had traveled to Hangzhou, and Zen Master Qi 'an took good care of him. When Xuanzong ascended the throne, Qi 'an was dead. In order to repay his kindness, Xuanzong gave the temple a name, made Qi 'an a master of Wukong, and made a poem of mourning. In addition, it is also recorded in the famous Zen monk Yun's "Huangbai Wanling Record" that when he was still a monk, he saw the Buddha in the master's Buddhist temple and asked, "What should the elders pray for if they don't look at the Buddha's prayers, their opinions and the prayers of the public?" So as soon as they asked and answered, they began to talk about solving the case. In Zen Buddhism, the "case-solving" was used instead of "Jing", and this conversation between them became a famous "case-solving" named after "Huang Zhi's Buddha". I hope to pass Bo Huang Mountain Road in Jiangxi. It is said that I once saw waterfalls and wrote poems with Tang Xuanzong, who was a novice monk on this mountain.
However, some scholars believe that the legend of Tang Xuanzong's becoming a monk mainly comes from Buddhist circles. Although some scholars and doctors have recorded this, they all heard it from them. Then, why did the legend of Xuanzong becoming a monk spread among monks? The reason is that when Tang Wuzong was in China, he dealt a devastating blow to Buddhism and aroused strong dissatisfaction among Buddhist monks. They hold a grudge against Wu Zonghuai, and fabricate bad stories about Wu Zonghuai everywhere to discredit his reputation. At that time, a Japanese monk named Ren Yuan heard these facts, and recorded them in the book "Journey to Seek Dharma in the Tang Dynasty". After Xuanzong ascended the throne, Buddhism was revived. Naturally, these monks were grateful, and they tried their best to make Tang Xuanzong their patron. In order to promote Buddhism, these monks created public opinion, so it was reported among them that Xuanzong had become a monk and had been with the famous Zen monk.
With the passage of time, the legend of Xuanzong becoming a monk has become more and more extensive and magical. Wu Yuan Zen Master in Ming Dynasty wrote in his Blue Eyes Collection that when Xuanzong was young, he climbed into the dragon bed of his younger brother Mu Zong and made a gesture to see the minister, which Mu Zong appreciated very much. After Wu Zong ascended the throne, he remembered this incident, became suspicious and wanted to kill Xuanzong. Xuanzong had to flee, was shaved as a monk and worshipped under Xiangmen. Later, I went to Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi with the wise monk. They watched the waterfall together. Ji-hyun suggested writing a poem. His motivation is that he thinks this man is very noble and wants to take the opportunity to test him and judge his details. First, he sang two poems: "It is difficult to penetrate marble, and the source is high in the distance." Xuanzong went on to say, "Can a stream stay? After all, the sea is a wave. " When the wise monk saw that this man was knowledgeable and distinguished, he treated him with courtesy. Later, at a meeting of salt officials, Yun was the first mage. During his pilgrimage, the two talked about the "case-solving". Here, unlike what was recorded in "Huang Bai Wan Ling Zhi", the intellectual idle monk replaced Huang Bai Zen master, and the location was changed from Huangbai Mountain to Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi Province. In addition, there is also a record of Tang Xuanzong becoming a monk in Huang Bai Wan Fu Chan Poetry Collection. In this book, the location was moved to Huangbai Mountain in Fuqing, and the two poems sung by Zen master Huang Bai when he watched the waterfall were changed to: "A thousand rocks and valleys are tireless, and you can only know the source from a distance." Tang Xuanzong's two poems have not changed. It is also said in the records of Zen poems that after Tang Xuanzong came to Huangbai Mountain in Fuqing, he went south to Hui 'an to see Luoyang River, and then south to Tong 'an. There is a story that the so-called immortal went out to meet Xuanzong at night.
Tang Xuanzong travel
In the first year of Emperor Taizong's reign (847), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, who had just succeeded to the throne, issued an imperial edict: the memorial tablet of Baizhang Temple in Orfila County, "Dazhishou Shengchan Temple", demanding that all localities respect Taoism rather than Buddhism. How did Baizhang Temple, a remote place, get this honor? Why did Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty attach so much importance to Buddhism? There is a simple reason. Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was once a monk in Baizhang Temple.
Why did Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty come to Baizhang Temple thousands of miles away from Xi 'an (now Xi 'an) in the northwest? It is said that there is another story: in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the court fought fiercely. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was the thirteenth son of Chun-Li, Tang Xianzong. His name is Yi Li, and he is the King of Sealing Light. In 840, his nephew Li Yan succeeded to the throne, and he was called Tang Wuzong. After Tang Wuzong acceded to the throne, he was very worried about his uncle Wang Guang usurping the throne, so he made things difficult for Li Yi and persecuted him in every way. In order to avoid persecution in Tang Wuzong, Li Yi went to an old monk in Beijing. The old monk wrote two words on Yi Li's slap: "Baizhang". The old monk meant to let Li Yi open the court for a while and go outside to avoid the limelight of the court's struggle for power and profit. But Yi Li made the wrong idea, thinking that the old monk wanted him to go to Baizhang's land, so he tried every means to inquire about Baizhang's land. Finally, he learned that there was a Baizhang Mountain in Orfila County, and there was a Baizhang Village and Baizhang Temple at the foot of the mountain, so he came to Baizhang Temple not far from Wan Li.
Attach importance to talents
In 847 AD, after Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, Bai Juyi was the first person who came to mind when deciding the candidate for prime minister. But when the imperial edict was issued, Bai Juyi had been dead for eight months.
Therefore, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Hanging Bai Juyi" to express his deep nostalgia. In the past 60 years, who taught me to be a poet? Floating clouds are not Bai Juyi, so naturally they are unhappy. A boy will hate Long song, and Hu Er will play the pipa. The article is full of people, and I once missed you. This poem is clever in metaphor, fluent in language and profound in emotion. It vividly summarizes Bai Juyi's great literary and artistic achievements and expresses the author's deep regret. Decorate with jade, the article is like jade; Julian, poetry is like strings of pearls. The combination of jade and pearls is a metaphor for Bai Juyi's life, and Bai Juyi left a lot of beautiful and moving poems in his life.
Bai Juyi was born in 772 AD and died in 846 AD. It's true that he wrote it for 60 years. Saying that he is a "poetic immortal" is a commendatory term. People call Li Bai "the Poet Fairy". Think carefully, Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty were all great poets. It is understandable and acceptable to call Bai Juyi a "poetic immortal". The word "floating clouds" expresses regret that talents are rare. Bai Juyi successively served as a secretariat in Hangzhou and Suzhou, adding lakes to build dikes and storing water to irrigate fields; Dig a well to drink water. His achievements are world-famous. When I left Suzhou, "the villagers in the county sent tears to each other." After worshipping the minister, he was transferred to the minister of punishments the following year. But he was frustrated in his later years. He settled in Luoyang at the age of 58. When Xuanzong was about to be reused, it was an unexpected grief to learn that he had passed away. The sentence "lad" highlights Bai Juyi's two representative works, Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Travel, to show his infinite reverence and nostalgia for Bai Juyi. As we all know, Song of Eternal Sorrow is a well-known masterpiece. With concise language, beautiful image, narration and lyricism, it describes the love tragedy of Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in the Anshi Rebellion, and its theme is "Song of Eternal Sorrow". Narration, scenery description and lyricism are harmoniously combined, reciprocating and touching. Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow have their own characteristics. They were praised at home and abroad that "the boy can sing and hate Long song, and Hu Er can sing the pipa"; It shows a strong artistic vitality. Pipa Travel shows the ups and downs of pipa girls, expresses the "Tianya hate" advocated by Chang 'an, and also expresses the author's "Tianya hate" (see Hong Mai's Rong Zhai Essays, Volume 7). The two sentences of "article" further express the author's great attention to Bai Juyi's inner world, which is hard to give up and extremely sad. Bai Juyi's "Bai Wen Ji" collected 3,800 poems into 75 volumes. Masterpieces handed down from ancient times include Fifty New Yuefu Poems and Qin Zhongyin 10. For example, selling charcoal Weng, watching wheat cutting and light fertilizer are almost household names. His 75 "Ce Lin", on world events, is practical and insightful; His Yuan Jiu Shu is an important literary criticism document in Tang Dynasty. His Caotang Collection, Cold Spring Pavilion Collection, etc. It describes landscapes and has a meaningful purpose, which has always been valued by people. Tang Xuanzong loved talents, and he loved outstanding talents like Bai Juyi. Bai Juyi has not only literary talent, but also political talent. He wrote poems when he was in the wild, and his talent was outstanding; When I was in politics, I was quite successful and radiant. In contrast, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty showed no mercy to those so-called "talents" who were lawless, domineering and oppressing the innocent. For example, there is a musician named Luo Cheng who is good at playing the pipa. Xuanzong knew the melody and liked him very much. However, relying on his own talent, McCullough became violent and was arrested and imprisoned for killing people for trivial matters. A musician Robb cried to Tang Xuanzong in court: "Luo Cheng was a shame to your majesty, but I cherish his world-class skills and can't return to the banquet!" Tang Xuanzong decisively replied: "Luo Cheng is cherished by Cao Cao; What I cherish is Gao Zu and Tang Zongfa. " So McCullough was executed. In addition, Tang Xuanzong did not tolerate relatives. His uncle Zheng Guang is our time, and Tang Xuanzong and Zheng Guang discussed the way of governing the country; Zheng Guang's reaction was contemptuous, and Xuanzong was very unhappy, but Zheng Guang was no longer a civilian. Xuanzong was later called "Little Taizong" because of his decisive observation, selfless use, ready advice and modesty.
Related contents of Xuanzong's poems about recovering Hehuang.
Cui Xuan
Wan Li frontier notes Bourne, the universe is fragrant. The right place name king struggled to untie his braid,
Far away, the base is in full swing. Smoke and dust will stay in Sanqiu forever, and the auspicious atmosphere will clear the Jiuzhe River.
* * * We will pay more attention to customs and times when we encounter the carrier of Shengmingqian.
Huangshuta
Located in Huangbai Mountain, Yifeng County, Jiangxi Province. Uncle Chen Li, the king of light, is Tang Xianzong's first 13 son. He studied Buddhism in Huangbai Temple. After Li Chen's death, 40 meters east of Yun Xi's tomb tower, the monks of Huangbai Temple built this tower as a memorial. The tower body is carved and stacked with granite, and the plane is square, with double-layer sumitomo and waist. Carve four Buddha statues on each side. This tower is in the shape of Aquarius.
Chronology of major events
In 8 10, Li Chen, son of Tang Xianzong Li Chun, was born as Li Yi.
In 846 AD, the eunuch held Li Chen to the throne.
In 848 AD, Li Deyu, the leader of the Li Party, was deposed and died in exile in Yazhou.
In 859, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Chen, died of taking an overdose of Dan medicine.