Contrast is a technique of Chinese painting, which uses ink or color to render and set off the outline of objects, making them stand out obviously. Used in artistic creation, refers to deliberately describing from the side, as a foil, so that the things to be expressed stand out.
In other words, don't talk about ontology, just talk about other things related to it, and achieve the purpose of highlighting ontology. For example, in Bai Juyi's Pipa, the phrase "East boat is quiet and west lake, and we see the white autumn moon entering the middle of the river" does not describe the pipa sound and the pipa girl's playing skills positively. But by describing the reaction of the people in the East and the West and the autumn moon in Rulu, the superb playing skills and wonderful and charming pipa sound of the pipa girl are set off from the side.
Another example is Du Fu's Eight Poems on Autumn Prosperity (I), in which "Gao Lu withers maple trees and Wushan Wuxia is gloomy. There are rough waves between the river and the sky, and clouds cover the fog. "
It is also a foil, whether it is the bleak scene of the first couplet or the barrier between heaven and earth full of fear, turmoil and depression in the couplet, it is to set off the poet's ups and downs of anxiety and depression. Another example is when describing the beauty of Luo Fu in "Shang Mo Sang", the author skillfully used the poem "A passer-by sees Luo Fu, so he must caress it".
Teenagers see Luo Fu take off his hat and nod, which makes people have a deeper understanding of the beauty of Luo Fu. Second, rendering.
Rendering in Chinese painting techniques refers to painting pictures with ink or light colors where it needs to be emphasized, so as to enhance the artistic effect. This is a technique to enhance images. Poetry refers to the active description of the environment and scenery in many aspects to highlight the image.
Rendering and contrast are just the opposite, contrast is deliberately described from the side, and rendering is deliberately described from the front. For example, in Du Fu's "Climbing the Mountain", poems such as "The sky is high and the wind is urgent, apes are singing and birds are singing, the lake is blue and white, the leaves are falling like waterfalls, and I see the long river rolling in" use images such as "the wind is urgent", "the ape howls" and "falling wood" to render autumn scenery, write out the depression and desolation of the scenery, and express the poet's inner loneliness, sadness and sentimentality.
Another example is Wei's "Give Twilight Rain": "All the way to Chu, is it raining on the river? The bell in the evening came to us from Nanjing. The rain is heavy, the sky is not right, and the birds fly slowly.
The Yangtze River flows into the distance of the Yangtze River, and the trees are full of rain. Farewell to my old friend, I love infinity, and tears fall down on the river. "
With the help of Xiao Yu, Twilight Bell, Heavy Sail, Birds Return, Trees with Flowers, etc., this paper describes the farewell scene positively, writes gloomy, misty and depressing scenes, and renders the sad atmosphere when leaving. Third, contrast and contrast.
Contrast is to compare two different things or two different aspects of a thing, so that the good looks better and the bad looks worse. Contrastive methods are used to reveal contradictions, which are sharp, powerful and shocking. Rumei's "Tao Ren" said: "Tao is in front of the door, and there is no tile in the house.
There is no mud in the inch, but dirt lives in the building. Through the strong contrast between the potter and the rich aristocrat, this poem profoundly exposes the social injustice and expresses the author's deep sympathy for the working people.
A similar technique is Du Fu's famous sentence: "The wine in Zhumen stinks, and the bones on the road freeze to death". Another example is Li Bai's "Visiting Yue Gu": "The Yue King Gou Jian broke Wu Gui, and the soldiers returned home.
Maid-in-waiting is like a flower in Man Chun Hall, but only partridges are flying today. The first three sentences describe the prosperity of the past, and the last sentence describes the desolation of today, which forms a strong contrast and makes readers feel particularly profound, which contains the poet's deep historical thinking.
Contrast is a kind of foil, which is a technique in which the subject is opposite to the lining, and the lining sets off the subject from the opposite side as the background. It is common to use movement to set silence and music to set sad mood.
The former, such as Wang Wei's famous phrase "The moon rises to startle the mountain birds, and it is time to sing in the spring stream", uses "the moon rises" and "the birds sing" to set off the tranquility in the mountains. The latter, such as Ouyang Xiu's poem "Walking on the Sand", said: "Plum blossoms are waiting in the pavilion, willows are sparse on the creek bridge, and the grass is warm and swaying.
Sadness is getting farther and farther away, and the distance is like spring water. "With fragrant spring grass and warm spring breeze, this kind of music scene sets off the poet's endless parting, while similar techniques, such as the famous sentence" If I go, Liu Yiyi "in the Book of Songs, compare the inner sadness when going out to war with the bright spring scenery and the bright music scene.
Fourth, the combination of reality and reality. "Reality" refers to things that exist objectively, real images, real things and real situations; "Virtual" refers to an invisible scene, or a memory, or an imaginary scene.
The "combination of reality and fiction" in poetry refers to fiction and fact's mutual connection, mutual penetration and mutual transformation, so as to reach the realm of the coexistence of reality and fiction, which greatly enriches the images in poetry, opens up the artistic conception of poetry and provides readers with a broad aesthetic space. The relationship between the virtual scene and the real scene sometimes forms a strong contrast, thus highlighting the center, and sometimes complements each other, forming a rendering contrast, thus highlighting the center.
Gao Shi's "Listening to the flute in the game": "Snow Qing Ma is still grazing in Hutian, and Xiao is guarding the building in the moonlight. Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over the mountain overnight. "
One or two words are very realistic: in the north of Hutian, the ice and snow are melting, and now it is the season of herding horses in Alakazam. In the evening, the soldiers came back with their horses, and the bright moon shed light.
And three or four sentences are empty, as if the wind is not blowing the flute, but the petals of fallen plums, scattered all over the place and spread all over the mountains overnight. This plum blossom is the plum blossom in my hometown, and it is an imaginary scene. The combination of reality and fiction in poetry expresses the soldiers' deep homesickness by listening to music and thinking of plum blossoms.
Another example is Liu Yong's "Lin Yuling", which is written from the immediate scene to the later scene, and also uses the combination of reality and reality. Fifth, the combination of suppression.
"Combination of suppression and encouragement" refers to saying the negative aspects to be suppressed and the positive aspects to be praised at the same time, and only highlighting one of them, so as to achieve the purpose of suppressing one and promoting the other. There are two kinds: suppression before promotion and suppression after promotion.
No matter what kind of expression, it is to highlight the latter and emphasize the latter. Wang Changling's Forever in My Heart: "I don't know sorrow in my boudoir, but I put on makeup in spring.
Suddenly I saw the green willows, and I felt uncomfortable; Oh, I regret that I shouldn't have asked my husband to find Hou Feng. "The poem adopts the technique of praising first and then restraining. First, write * * *" Don't worry ",and then say that she" regrets ".
Through the description of the subtle changes of * * *' s mood, it profoundly shows the sadness and sadness of * * * caused by moving the scene, and highlights the theme of "in my heart forever". Zhao Xilu's Xiao Bing Cliff Plum Blossom Rhyme: "The ice posture is clean and flawless, and Chu Shi's home is by the Zhuwai stream.
If the peony blooms early, who will see the plum blossoms in the snow? "There are three or four sentences in the poem.
2. Appreciating China's ancient classics ~※ ~ One chapter [Tao, Tao and Non-constant Tao] Two chapters [Everyone knows that beauty is beauty] Three chapters [No Shang Xian] Four chapters [Daochong, And with or without] five chapters [Heaven and Earth are heartless] six chapters [God of the Valley is immortal] seven chapters [Forever] eight chapters [Good as flowing water] nine chapters [Holding profit] ten chapters [Holding camp spirit and embracing one] eleven chapters [Thirty spokes * * * a hub] twelve chapters [Five colors blind] thirteen chapters [If surprised] fourteen chapters [If you turn a blind eye] Chapter 19 [Abandoning Wisdom] Chapter 20 [Being Same, Different Geometry] Chapter 21 [Comte's Capacity] Chapter 22 [Qu Zequan] Chapter 23 [Wishing for Nature] Chapter 24 [Enterprises Don't Stand] Chapter 25 [Mixing Things] Chapter 26 [Shiguanggen] Chapter 27 [Good deeds, There is no trace to be found] Chapter 28 [Know Your Hero] Chapter 29 [Want to take the world and do it] Chapter 30 [Take Tao as a supplement] Chapter 32 [Tao is often nameless] Chapter 33 [Know people's wisdom] Chapter 34 [Tao is always full of enthusiasm] Chapter 35 [Lead an elephant] Chapter 36 [Be tempted] Chapter 37 [Tao is often nameless, If Hou Wang can keep Chapter 38 [Virtue and Virtue], Chapter 39 [One of the Past Events], Chapter 41 [Movement against the Tao], Chapter 41 [Staff Sergeant's Learning Tao], Chapter 43 [The Softest in the World], Chapter 44 [The name is close to the body], Chapter 45 [If Dacheng is missing], Chapter 46 [There is a way in the world], Chapter 47 [Know the world without leaving home: Chapter 48: Learn more and be refined. The Way: Chapter 52: The beginning of the world: Chapter 53: Let me know: Chapter 54: Those who are good at building will not pull out: Chapter 55: The thickness of virtue: Chapter 56: Those who know will not say anything: Chapter 57: Governing the country with integrity. Chapter [Governing a big country, If you cook a little fresh, Chapter 61 【 Dirty of a Great Power 】 Chapter 62 【 Tao is the rule of all things 】 Chapter 63 【 Doing nothing 】 Chapter 64 【 Being comfortable and easy to hold 】 Chapter 65 【 The ancient goodness is the way 】 Chapter 66 【 Jianghai can be the king of all valleys 】 Chapter 67 【 The world calls me Tao 】 Chapter 68 【 Be a good scholar Chapter 69 【 Don't use force 】 Chapter 70. [Dare to kill] Chapter 74 [People are not afraid of death] Chapter 75 [Hunger of the people] Chapter 76 [Life is weak] Chapter 77 [Heaven] Chapter 78 [The world is not weaker than water] Chapter 79.
Name, moniker, non-constant name. Nameless, the beginning of heaven and earth; Fame is the mother of everything.
Therefore, there is often no desire to see its wonders; There is always a desire to watch. Both of them have different names. They are both called Xuan.
Mysterious and mysterious, the gate of Wan Qi. Chapter II (46) Everyone in the world knows that beauty is beauty, and evil has been done; Everyone knows whether it's good or not, but it's not.
Whether they are born together or not, it is difficult to bring out the best in each other, with the same length, competition, harmony and consistency. It is based on the sage's inaction, the teaching of inaction, the beginning of everything, the existence of life, the dependence of doing things and the success of life.
It is impossible for a husband to live in a house. Chapter III (47) Do not negotiate first, so that the people do not dispute; Expensive and rare goods, so that people do not steal; If you can't see what you want, you won't be chaotic.
It is ruled by saints, emptying their hearts and consolidating their bellies; Weaken his will and strengthen his bones. It often makes people ignorant and have no desire.
If your husband knows that you dare not act, you are dead. The fourth chapter (48) Daochong, but use or not.
Deep, like the ancestor of all things. Defeat its spirit, solve its disputes, and its light, with its dust.
Jen, it still seems to exist. I don't know whose son it is, like the former emperor.
The fifth chapter (49) The heavens and the earth are ruthless, and everything is inferior to dogs; Saints are ruthless and treat people like pigs. Between heaven and earth, is it still ambiguous? Empty and unyielding, move out.
It is better to stay in the middle than to listen more and count less. Chapter VI (50) The immortal Gu Shen is called Xuanzang.
The gate of Xuanzang is the root of heaven and earth. If it is continuous, it is not often used.
Chapter 7 (5 1) lasts forever. The reason why heaven and earth can last long is that they are not born by themselves, so they can live forever.
It is based on the sage's body and body first, and the body is outside. Not for its selfless evil? Therefore, it can be private.
Chapter VIII (52) Good as water. Water is good for all things, indisputable, and evil for all, just a few words.
Living in a good place, kind-hearted, kind-hearted, good at words, good at politics, good at doing things, good at dealing with people. Husband is just indisputable, so there is nothing special.
Chapter IX (53) It is better to persist than to have it. If you are sharp, you can't keep it for long.
Happiness from now on, can't stay. Being rich and arrogant is to blame.
Retirement after work is the world. Chapter 10 (54) Embrace one in the spirit of camp, can you be inseparable? Can it be as soft as a baby? Can repairing the mysterious view be seamless? How can it be unwise to love the people and govern the country? Can Tianmen be opened and closed for women? Understand Starr, can you be ignorant? Born, livestock, born without, long without slaughter.
It's for xuande. Chapter 11 (55) 30 spokes * * * a hub, when not, there is a car.
Think of it as a device. When it is useless, it will be useful. Carve the family into a room, and when it has nothing, it has a room.
Therefore, thinking is beneficial, but thinking is not. Chapter 12 (56) Five-color blindness; Five tones are not deaf; Five flavors are refreshing; Galloping and hunting makes people crazy; Rare goods are an obstacle.
It's the saint's stomach, not his eyes. Go and get this somewhere else. Chapter 13 (57) If you are shocked by humiliation, you will be in great pain.
What is being humiliated and surprised? Spoiled, you will be surprised when you get it, and you will be surprised when you lose it and lose face. What does it mean to be in danger? I have a big patient because I have a body and I don't have a body. What is wrong with me? Therefore, you are the world, if you can send it to the world; Love is the world, if it can support it.
Chapter 14 (58) Turn a blind eye, which means it's insignificant; If you don't listen, that's hope; If you can't fight, it's called Yi. These three are not to blame, so they are confused.
The top is not bright, the bottom is not dark, and the rope is indescribable. It means no shape, no image, no meaning.
I saw it without its head, and then it disappeared. Only by keeping the road of the past can we resist the present.
Knowing the ancient times means knowing oneself. Chapter 15 (59) The goodness of ancient times is subtle and unpredictable.
Husband is just ignorant, so he is strong.
3. After getting the classical Chinese, first analyze the sentence, clarify the sentence components, and divide the subject, predicate, object and complement first, so as to accurately grasp the general idea of the sentence. Then, find out the key words according to experience. Generally speaking, there are two key words in a sentence. If there are only two questions, there is only one keyword. Keywords are generally difficult to use in content words, or they may be special uses of function words, such as "so" in ancient Chinese. As the structure of a word, it also has a special usage: "Use the method of …… Although I seldom use Baidu h I, it will definitely help me read it. The words used in classical Chinese are generally regular. Except for the coherence of the overall meaning, all other keywords have translation points. When you see the translation questions in classical Chinese sentences, first analyze which words are keywords, usually verbal words or function words with special usage (such as "so", which can be understood as "the method of use ..."), a word you have seen, but it has a different meaning from what you usually understand. This requires you to guess the meaning of the word in connection with the context and some common sense or experience accumulated in the answer, and then translate the whole sentence together. When doing multiple-choice questions in classical Chinese, you must generally understand the full text, understand the meaning of that sentence, and find the key sentence is very important. This is best achieved by exclusion. Let's take a look at the third multiple-choice question, which is usually a topic with the general idea of the whole text, which can help you understand. Classical Chinese actually focuses on the usual accumulation, accumulating the usage of some commonly used real words and function words, and summing up some rules, because many phrases we have now were not used together in ancient times, such as "so" and "thought". These rules depend on your own usual attention and summary. It is suggested to buy an ancient Chinese dictionary and look it up more when learning classical Chinese. If you have any questions, don't listen to the teacher's explanation in a hurry. Look up the dictionary below yourself, and you will be more impressed. At the same time, you can also remember some other usages. If you have a dictionary, you can buy one from People's Daily Press, which is more suitable for students and has a comprehensive meaning. Poetry appreciation, first look for images, two techniques, and three dialysis thoughts and feelings. Poetry images can often reflect the emotions contained in poetry, but many people like to mix them together. Have different meanings. However, when you get a poem, you must first determine whether it is a poem about objects, a poem about history or simply expressing your feelings. Most questions are about lyric poetry. Secondly, you should find out the images and words that express your feelings in the poem. Then, you should analyze the main expressive techniques or artistic techniques used in poetry, such as expressing the mind directly, symbols, metaphors, exaggerations, personification, seeing the big from the small, satirizing the present from the ancient, and using things as metaphors. This requires you to memorize common expressions. Finally, thoughts and emotions are analyzed through the images that can reflect emotions found in the first step. When answering, you can use this format, "The poet/poet expressed the feelings of ..."
4. Online guidance: Appreciation of Classical Chinese 1. (1) Love, like.
(2) Correct (correct)
(3) lead, lead
(4) Create ... humiliation (humiliation)
2.D
3.( 1) Wang Jian is from Dongyang.
(2) I want to capture (attack) Chu. In the general's opinion, how many soldiers do I intend to use?
4. Wang Jian's excuse is that the king of Qin alienated himself by trusting Li Xin's words and had to retire to his hometown. When Jing Bing marched westward every day, when the national disaster struck, Wang Jian turned back and led an army to attack Jing Jun, showing Wang Jian's character of putting national interests first regardless of personal grievances. (That's right)
5. Classical Chinese reading training in junior high school 60 1. Huang Wanqiao was very clever to Huang Wan when he was a child, and his grandfather Huang Qiong was the prefect of Wei County.
There was a solar eclipse in the first month of the first year of Jianhe. There was no solar eclipse in this city, so Huang Qiong told the emperor what he heard.
Empress Dowager Cixi asked him to ask how much the eclipse covered. Huang Qiong pondered the answer, but didn't know about the solar eclipse.
Huang Wan was 7 years old at that time, beside him: "Why don't you say that the rest of the eclipse is like the moon that just came out?" Huang Qiong suddenly realized that he immediately answered these letters in his words. 2. Zhuang Yougong, Zhuang Yougong, a prodigy in central Guangdong, has a reputation as a prodigy.
His (his) home is next to the General's Office in Yue Zhen. Once, he played a kite and fell into the inner court of the General's Office. Zhuang Yougong went directly to get it back. All courtiers thought he was young, ignored him and didn't stop him from entering.
The general happened to be playing chess with the guests. Seeing that his mental state is different, he quickly asked him, "Where did this child come from?" Zhuang Yougong answered truthfully. The general said, "Have you studied it? Can it be paired? " Zhuang Yougong replied: "Don, it's nothing, what's the difficulty!" " The general asked, "How many words can you match?" Zhuang Yougong replied: "One word is right, and a hundred words are right."
The general thought he was boasting about the air, so he pointed to the picture posted in the hall and asked him to make one. He said: "The ancient paintings are the same, the dragons don't sing, the tigers don't scream, the flowers don't smell the fragrance, and the birds don't sing. This boy is ridiculous." Zhuang Yougong said: "It's a game of chess here, which can be right."
He replied: "This is a tragic game. Cars have no wheels, horses have no saddles, guns have no fireworks, and soldiers have no food. The general shouted at the levee. " 3. Cao Zhi Chen Conghui Wang Si Cao Zhi, Zi Zijian.
As a teenager, he could read The Book of Songs, The Analects of Confucius and hundreds of thousands of words, and he was also good at writing. Mao read Cao Zhi's article and asked him, "Did you ask someone to write a ghost?" Cao Zhi knelt down and replied, "Children can talk as soon as they export, and write articles as soon as they start writing. Ask his father to try it face to face and see if someone can write it for him? " At that time, it coincided with the completion of Tongquetai in Yecheng. Cao Cao took all his sons to the stage and asked them to write a poem.
Cao Zhi put pen to paper like flying, and it became instantly, which is worth appreciating. Mao was surprised at Cao Zhi's talent. Cao Zhi's nature is easy-going and not awe-inspiring, and his horses and chariots and his own clothes do not pursue luxuries.
Every time he went to see Cao Cao, Cao Cao deliberately made things difficult for him, but Cao Zhi could answer it, so he was very popular with Cao Cao. Mao went to attack Sun Quan, sent Cao Zhi to stay in Yecheng, and told Cao Zhi, "I was only twenty-three years old when I was a mausoleum.
I still don't regret what I did in those years. Now that you are 23 years old, you should work hard! "On the one hand, Cao Zhi was treated differently because of his outstanding talent; On the other hand, he was assisted by Rockett, Ding Ke, Yang Xiu and others.
Mao hesitated and tried several times to make Cao a prince. However, Cao Zhi went his own way, did not pay attention to embellishment in words and deeds, and drank excessively. However, Cao Pi, who later became Emperor Wen, secretly used politics against Cao Zhi, and the ladies-in-waiting and people around Mao put in a good word for him, so Cao Pi was made a prince.
Cao Zhi once drove in Yujie Street and went out of the palace directly from Simamen. Mao was very angry when he knew.
The officer guarding Simamen was also executed for his crime. Since then, Mao has increased the legal ban on princes, and Cao Zhi has gradually fallen out of favor.
On the one hand, Mao is worried about the disaster after his death. On the other hand, because Yang Xiu was brilliant and resourceful, and he was the nephew of Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu, he fabricated charges and killed Yang Xiu. Cao Zhi felt even more uneasy.
Twenty-four years (2 19), Coss was besieged by Guan Yu. Mao appointed Cao Zhi as commander-in-chief and general of the Southern Army and wanted to send him to save Coss. To this end, Mao specially sent a message to warn Cao Zhi, but Cao Zhi was so drunk that he didn't give an order. Mao regretted it and dismissed Cao Zhi.
Before departure, Bao Zi invited Tian, the minister of Qi State, to hold a banquet in the hall, with thousands of people accompanying him. There were fish and geese at the banquet. Tian saw it and sighed, "God is very kind to the people! Grow grains, fish and birds for pleasure. "
All the diners echoed loudly. In his twenties, Bao Jia, the second among the staff, suggested, "It's not what you said.
Everything in the world coexists with us, but the species are different. There is no distinction between noble and noble species, but they restrict each other because of their size and intelligence and become each other's food, not for whom.
Humans get something edible to eat. Is it cultivated by heaven for people to eat? Besides, mosquitoes bite (human) skin, and tigers and wolves eat meat. Aren't people succulent creatures bred for mosquitoes and tigers and wolves? When Cao Shaokui caught the monster in Tang Dynasty, there was a temple in Luoyang. The bronze bell in the old monk's room often makes a deep sound. In the middle of the night, the bell in the temple rang sweetly, and the bronze bell rang vaguely, like a ghost sobbing and floating. The old monk looked at it and thought it was a monster. Cao Shaokui, a friend of the old monk, came to visit him. When Cao Shaokui talked about the trouble of bronze chimes, he felt very strange. He carefully examined the bronze chime, which is no different from other bronze chimes. At this time, when the meal was served in the temple, the bells in the dining hall rang and the chimes also made a "buzzing" sound. I can't help laughing. He said mysteriously to the old monk, "buy me a drink tomorrow and I'll help you catch the demon." Csi shook his head in disbelief and said, "If you can catch the demon, don't talk about drinking. Even if you come every day, it's my treat!" Cao Shao smiled cunningly: "It's just a matter of lifting a finger to catch a demon. You don't have to be too polite. " The next day, the old monk prepared a rich table of wine and food, and Tso did not hesitate to eat all the good wine and food. After eating and drinking enough, he took out a file from his sleeve, waved it in front of the old monk, and then "stabbed, stabbed" several times to successfully cut the bare bronze chime. The old monk was confused: "What are you ..." Cao Shaokui said: "Where are monsters? Because chimes are the same as bells in temples. As soon as the bell rings, it will ring with it. Now it has been cut several times, which is different from the standard bell.