1. The Book of Songs, also known as Poems or 300 Poems, is the earliest collection of poems in China, recording about 305 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. Wind? Huh? Ode? These three parts are ballads from all over the country. The form is mainly four words, and the techniques are multi-purpose? Fu? Than? Xing? . The Book of Songs is the source of China's realistic poetry creation. Is it a Confucian who is integrated with Shu, Li, Yi and Chunqiu? Five classics? . The masterpieces Guan Ju and Jia Xu are China's earliest love works, which reflect people's yearning and pursuit for beautiful love.
2. Confucius (pre-5565438+ pre-479), Mingqiu, was born in Lu (now Qufu, Shandong) in the Spring and Autumn Period. China was an ancient thinker and educator. The Analects of Confucius is a book that records Confucius' words and deeds. It's written for Confucius' disciples. It's a Confucian classic. Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty combined this book with Mencius, the University and the Doctrine of the Mean? Four books? . According to legend, The Book of Songs was edited by Confucius.
3. Zuo Qiuming, a historian of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to legend, he wrote Mandarin and Zuo Zhuan. Guoyu is the earliest national history book in China. It mainly records the speeches of the nobles of Zhou and Lu countries in the late Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period. Zuo Zhuan is China's first chronological history book. According to the lineage of Lu Guojun, many historical materials of China for more than 250 years since 722 BC are recorded. Also known as Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period, Zuo's Spring and Autumn Period, together with Biography of Ram and Biography of Gu Liang, it is called Three Biographies of Spring and Autumn Period.
4. Cao Gui's Debate: A wonderful chapter in Zuo Zhuan describes the battle between Qilu and Longevity, and describes Cao Gui's suggestions before the war and his assistance to Lu Zhuanggong during the war. In the form of concise questions and answers, the article shows Cao Gui's political views and military talents.
5. Mencius: written by Mencius and his disciples, it is one of the classic works of Confucianism. Mencius (before 372? Former 289), whose real name is Ke, was born in Zou during the Warring States Period. (now Zou County, Shandong Province). After Confucius was the representative of Confucianism, was there? Yasheng? Known as a thinker and educator in the Warring States period. The representative of Confucianism, later generations? Kong Meng? Often scream. There are many famous works in it, such as being helped by the way, but not being helped by the way, being born in sorrow and dying in happiness, and I want what I want.
The book "How to Help the Righteousness, How to Help the Illegality" discusses the truth of governing the country and leveling the world, which shows that the author has implemented it. Ren? Political views. Born in sorrow and died in happiness, this paper discusses the importance of adversity to the growth of talents and the rise and fall of the country. The two essays fully prove their views by comparison and examples. "I want what I want" also comes from Mencius. Discuss what? Give up your life for justice? An important proposition. Can you understand Mencius' prose by studying this article? Magnificent, emotional and lively? The characteristics of.
6. Lost is selected from Mozi? Lost and Mozi are narratives based on dialogue, which are generally considered to be a compilation of Mozi's words and deeds by his disciples and their re-disciples to show him. Love? Non-attack? This idea.
Han Dynasty
1. Liu Xiang: A native of the Han Dynasty, The Warring States Policy was compiled by Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty and is a famous historical work in ancient China. This is a national history book. The book is written according to different countries, such as Eastern Zhou, Western Zhou, Qin, Qi and Zhao. It is one of the most accomplished and influential historical prose works in the pre-Qin period. It is divided into twelve strategies: Eastern Zhou, Western Zhou, Qin, Qi, Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han, Yan, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. It mainly describes the political opinions and strategies of strategists in the Warring States period, and shows the historical characteristics and social features of the Warring States period. This is an important book for studying the history of the Warring States. Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi to remonstrate, and Tang Ju lived up to his mission, all of which are famous articles in the Warring States Policy.
2. Zou Ji satirizes Qi Wang's admonition: selected from the Warring States Policy, it describes the story of Zou Ji's gentle words to persuade openness, learn from others and improve government affairs, and shows Zou Ji's ingenious reasoning skills.
3. "Example": The author is Zhuge Liang, a politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period.
4. Chen She Family: Excerpted from Historical Records. Historical Records was written by Sima Qian, a famous historian in the Western Han Dynasty. Originally named Taishi Gongshu, and later called Shiji, it is a historical work written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty in China. Historical Records is one of the most famous classical works in ancient China, also known as Hanshu, Houhanshu and the History of the Three Kingdoms? The first four histories? . At first, there was no fixed title for historical records, or Tai Shi Gong Shu, Tai Shi Gong Gong Ji and Tai Shi Gong Chuan, but they were also called Tai Shi Gong Shu and Tai Shi Gong Gu. Historical records did not have a fixed title at first, and some were called? Taishi Gongshu? Also known as? A surname Gong Ji? Yes It was not until the Three Kingdoms period that this book was clearly called? Historical records? . The style of this book is as follows:
Ten tables (chronology of major events)
Eight books (remembering various statutes, remembering rites, music, temperament, calendar, astronomy, meditation, water conservancy and financial use) have great influence on later generations, and are called? Record, trust history? Was praised by Mr. Lu Xun? Historians sing a swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme? , as before? Four histories? What's the name of the first book, Zi Zhi Tong Jian? History? . So Sima Qian was called by later Buddha? Shi Qian? 、? Shi Sheng? . And Sima Guang? Two Sima in history? With Sima Xiangru? The second Western Han Sima? .
Twelve biographies (records of the emperor's life story);
Thirty aristocratic families (remember the rise and fall of princes and nobles in the vassal States and the Han Dynasty);
Seventy biographies (recording the words and deeds of important people, mainly talking about people and ministers, and the last one is a preface).
Wei and Jin dynasties
1. Tao Yuanming: Qian Ming, Ming, born in Chaisang, Xunyang. Poet and essayist in Eastern Jin Dynasty. He is the author of Tao Yuanming's collection Peach Blossom Spring Drinking.
2. (Southern and Northern Dynasties) Liu Yiqing (AD 403? A.D. 444), the word Jibo, Han nationality, was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) in the Southern Dynasties, a writer, living in Jingkou, an imperial clan in the Southern Dynasties, and a writer in the Southern Dynasties. Liu Yiqing was gifted since childhood and loved literature. In addition to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, he also wrote You Ming Road. Shi Shuo Xin Yu was compiled by a group of people he organized. The nephew of Emperor Wu of Song Wudi, the second son of Daoliu in King Liu, Changsha, and the uncle of Liu Daogui, the king of Linchuan, have no children, that is, Liu Yiqing is the heir. By attacking Linchuan, he was appointed as Jingzhou Secretariat and other official positions. He has been in power for 8 years and his political achievements are good. Later, he served as Jiangzhou secretariat. Liu Yiqing, the nephew of Emperor Wu of Liu Song, is outstanding among emperors and highly valued.
Representative work: Shi Shuo Xin Yu
Shi Shuo Xin Yu comes from Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties? Zhiren's novels? A masterpiece. According to the content can be divided into? Virtue? Words? Politics? Literature? Founder? 36 categories, each category has several volumes, including more than 1000 volumes. Each volume has different lengths, some lines and some words. From this, we can see that note novels? Keep it in mind? Requirements and characteristics of. Is China Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties? Notebook novel? Liu Yiqing's masterpiece "Same Diner" compiled in the Southern Song Dynasty. The book is divided into upper, middle and lower volumes. Virtue? 、? Words? 、? Politics? 、? Literature? 、? Founder? 、? Generous? 、? Knowledge? And so on, * * * 36 categories, each category has a number, the book * * * more than one thousand, each text length is different, some lines, some in a few words, so you can see, note novels? Keep it in mind? The characteristics of.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu mainly describes the life thoughts of the world and the situation of the ruling class, reflecting the ideological deeds of Wei and Jin scholars and the life of the upper class. The record is quite rich and true. This description helps readers to understand the era and political and social environment in which the scholars lived at that time, so that we can clearly see the so-called? Talk about Wei and Jin dynasties? Style.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu used to be eight volumes, but now it is three volumes, which are divided into 36 subjects, such as morality, speech, politics, literature, founder, magnanimity, knowledge and appreciation. It mainly describes the anecdotes of literati from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, reflecting the thoughts, life and atmosphere of literati at that time. Mr. Lu Xun once pointed out that this argument originated from the discussion about Qing Dynasty in Han Dynasty. At the end of Han Dynasty, politics was dark. Generally speaking, celebrities talk about politics. At first, they were very influential in society. Later, he was jealous by the rulers and was gradually killed. Kong Rong and Mi Fei, for example, were both killed by Cao Cao, so at the end of the Jin Dynasty, they dared not talk about politics and turned to Hyunri. If you don't talk about political affairs, it will become the so-called clarification. However, such celebrities were still very influential in the society at that time. If you can't talk about it, it seems that you are not qualified to be a celebrity. The book Shi Shuo can almost be regarded as a textbook for celebrities. ?
In addition, Shi Shuo Xin Yu makes good use of literary techniques such as metaphor, metaphor, exaggeration and description, which not only retains many well-known words, but also adds infinite glory to the book.
The current Shi Shuo Xin Yu has not only literary appreciation value, but also stories and literary allusions. Most of them are used by later writers and have a great influence on later notes.