Liu Yuxi
The willows in Jiang Shuiping are green, and the songs on the shore can be heard.
Rain in the east, sunrise in the east, said it was not sunny, but it was still sunny.
After a solar rain, the willows on both sides of the river are swaying and green, and the water level on the river is rising and calm as a mirror. The girl walked along the coast in depression. Suddenly, a melodious song came from the river with the wind. After listening carefully, it turned out that the lover who had not heard from him for a long time missed his love song. It's sunny in the east and rainy in the west, but she feels heartless.
words explanation
Qing: homophonic use of love words, pun clever use.
Appreciation of poetry and prose
This poem adopts the pun technique commonly used in folk love songs, and implicitly expresses subtle love, which is novel, vivid and interesting.
On the characteristics of Zhi Zhu's Ci, I once summarized it as "four changes" in an article, that is, easy to learn, easy to understand, easy to write and easy to spread. This is from the aspects of study and reading. If the content, form and artistic expression are studied and analyzed, it can be summarized as follows:
(1) is fluent and easy to understand. Zhi Zhu's Ci is degenerated from folk songs. Folk spoken language and slang can be used in poetry, and there are few allusions. It is catchy, elegant and popular. There is a passage in Wang Shizhen's Biography of Teachers and Friends recorded in the Qing Dynasty: "Bamboo sticks are slightly influenced by common sayings, but if they are too gorgeous, they are not their true colors." That's right. This is a major feature of Zhi Zhu's ci. It is precisely because of the use of a large number of spoken language, slang and local accents in Zhi Zhu's Ci that it has a strong local flavor and life flavor.
For example, in old Beijing, there is a kind of peddler who specializes in selling beards and combs, carrying packages or small wooden boxes, and often selling them loudly outside restaurants, with a particularly high tone and a cavity board. There is a poem about Zhuzhi, which puts the peddler's words into the poem.
The hawking is amazing, and the street inn is free. "Take the beard home with you, and pick ten coppers."
In the last two sentences, hawker hawking words such as "take home" and "pick and choose" in the old Beijing dialect are vividly written into the poem, which makes people feel cordial and vivid, and the image of hawkers is vividly on the paper.
It is not easy to live in Chang 'an, but if you are frugal, you will be wider. Most afraid of human feelings, red and white, one thing is hard to know.
Chang 'an in the poem refers to Beijing. Know that the list refers to invitations or something. In Beijing in the Qing Dynasty, weddings and funerals were very popular, and the general public was very worried about it. When they saw the "knowledge list", they became embarrassed. This poem by Zhi Zhu entered the poem in the popular language of "difficulty", vividly depicting people's helpless mentality.
There is a song in Hangzhou about a fruit vendor:
Small steps in the street, osmanthus chestnuts, white bayberry. Under the eaves, the messenger shouted, "Six coppers is a lot."
The image of a street vendor is lifelike.
Nanchang has a poem about a vegetable vendor:
In the middle of the night, I spit and paddle, and the vegetable maid Guo listens to the cock crow. Green fermented grains, green garlic and carrots have entered the city before dawn.
Poems are as clear as words, and vendors selling vegetables in the dark are very realistic.
She was burned to straw sandals and hats, half squatting and half melon. Lang waited on the old farmer at his own expense and had leisure to pick kudingcha.
This is a Zhi Zhu poem in the mountainous area of Jiangxi Province. Squat, that is, taro. Kudingcha is a kind of wild camellia. In the tone of a young working woman, this poem tells the story of the young couple living a hard but comfortable working life in the mountains.
In the history of China's poetry, some scholars disapprove of proverbs appearing in poetry. Yan Yu said in Cang Hua: "To learn poetry, we must first get rid of five customs: first, vulgar style, second, vulgar meaning, third, vulgar sentences, fourth, vulgar characters and fifth, vulgar rhyme." Zhu also said: "Make sure that there is not a word between squares that represents secular language." This statement is one-sided. Zhi Zhu's ci is characterized by tolerant customs. Many excellent Zhi Zhu Ci poems in the past dynasties have charm in shallow language, affection in shallow language and elegance in common sayings.
(two) informal, less bound. Folk song writers don't know much about the norms of rhyme books, and most of the folk bamboo slips rely on the language rhyme in daily life. None of Liu Yuxi's first nine Zhi Zhu Ci poems is qualified. Start with the first song:
Spring grass grows in the head of Baidicheng, and the Qingjiang River in Sichuan is at the foot of Baiyan Mountain. Southerners come up to sing a song, but northerners don't come up to be nostalgic.
In the third sentence, the fourth word is flat, the seventh word is flat, the second word in the fourth sentence is flat, and the seventh word is flat.
The second cloud:
In spring, the wild peach blossoms on the mountain are bright red, and the Shuhe River beats the cliff on the edge of the cliff. A girl saw it and thought that her husband's love was as fleeting as this peach blossom, and infinite sadness was like this endless river of water.
The first sentence, the second sentence, the third sentence and the fourth sentence of this poem all start from the flat tone. Accordingly, the following seven capitals are not completely legal.
One of Bai Juyi's four Zhi Zhu Ci poems is also illegal.
This informal phenomenon began in Liu and Bai, followed by later generations and passed down from generation to generation. When studying the laws of Zhi Zhu's Ci, the neighbors thought that Zhi Zhu's Ci was "based on folk songs" and its quatrains were "different" (A Study of Zhi Zhu by Ren Bantang). Erasing style refers to a flat and standard poetic style, which does not follow the rules and is unique. In the Qing Dynasty, Dong's "Music Spectrum Map" said: "Straight words are unconventional, irregular and semi-miscellaneous. The method of leveling, among the three, can't all use ancient style. If you come naturally, you won't catch it. " Liu Hua, written by Song Changbai in Qing Dynasty, also said: "Many people are clumsy with bamboo sticks." It can be seen that the embarrassing style of Zhi Zhu's ci has become one of the important differences between it and the poetic style of the Four-line Poem. This feature of Zhi Zhu's Ci provides convenient conditions for its wide spread and development. Because the meter is more free and less bound, it is easy for the author to master and the writing team is also large.
It is particularly important to mention here that Zhi Zhu's ci has a broad rhyme, which does not destroy the rhythmic beauty of poetry. On the contrary, from Liu and Bai, everyone in the past dynasties liked it, and many wonderful poems well known to the public appeared.
With regard to the rhyme of Zhi Zhu's Ci, a large number of works follow the level and even rhyme. However, it is also used for rhyming, even rhyming. For example, Su Shi wrote nine poems on bamboo branches in Zhongzhou, which were both plain and refined. For example, chanting Qu Yuan: "Why does the drum sound loud on the waterfront, and the phase will withhold water for Qu Yuan?" Qu Yuan has been dead for thousands of years, and the ship is full of such funeral songs. " Tan, Yuan and Nian rhyme together. It sang a cloud from Xiang Yu, "What is the struggle in the world? Abandoning the horse in Wujiang River and crying. Wang Xiang has died for no reason. He advanced to the Hanting Committee. " Things, tears and the ground are rhymes. In poetry, Zhi Zhu's ci poems take seven words and four sentences as the meter, but there are also five words and four sentences as other meters. For example, Yuan Mei in the Qing Dynasty had five poems, all of which were five words. A cloud said, "My concubine lives on the lake, and Lang stays in the city. I haven't seen Liu Xiahui Gate in the middle of the night."
(3) The poetic style is lively and humorous. Almost all Zhi Zhu Ci poems, whether from the south or the north, or from the Han nationality or ethnic minorities, have this feature. It should be said that this poetic style is also brought in from folk songs. Yan Jizu, a poet of Amin, said that Zhi Zhu's ci "can substitute satire for satire and be humorous, while the previous generation was good at banter but not excessive play" (preface to Song of Zhi Zhu in Moling). Yang Jingting, a Qing Dynasty man, also said in the preface to Dumen Zayong: "If you think of bamboo branches as righteousness, you must use laughter, hidden admonition and rules, game talk and silent irony." That's true. Good Zhi Zhu Ci often finds charm, beauty and truth in humor. When people are reading, they feel that the pen is wonderful, and it is often thought-provoking and thought-provoking in humorous explanations. The powerful artistic appeal of Zhi Zhu's Ci has won the love and high praise of readers in past dynasties.