That year, the worthless emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty lost the capital of song dynasty and fled to Hangzhou with a large group of royalty. When they saw the scenery of the West Lake, they stayed and built palaces and gardens at the foot of the Phoenix Mountain. They still eat, drink and have fun, and live a luxurious and decadent life. People in Hangzhou were greatly dissatisfied when they saw the emperor's fatuity, and there were many comments in the streets. The wind spread over and over again, reaching the emperor's ears. The emperor was afraid that the people would make trouble, and he was a little panicked, so he called the civil and military officials to discuss it. Civil and military officials consulted and couldn't think of a solution at the moment. Later, a civil servant came up with an idea. He said, "Your Majesty, the gossip of the people is nothing more than complaining that life in the imperial court is too comfortable. As long as the emperor opens up a homeland and says that he personally leads the ploughing, the people will be convinced when they know it. " When the emperor heard the truth, he immediately wrote a letter saying, "I know the sufferings of the people and I am very uneasy." In the future, we will explore our homeland, work hard and share the bitter fruit with the common people ... "
With the help of ordinary people, a few days later, under the Jade Emperor Mountain, a piece of homeland was opened. Around Yoshida, eight piles were neatly placed and eight thick pillars were erected. Thick cowhide curtains surround the columns. It is stipulated that the emperor cultivates land in it, and ordinary people are not allowed to watch. After a few days, the homeland opened. There are * * * eight hills in it, and eight kinds of crops are planted in it, including rice, wheat, millet, millet and beans. In the middle of Baqiuchang, there is a round mound.
The people know that the emperor plowed the land like them, and the discussion is getting less and less. In the season when crops should be mowed and fertilized, the emperor would go out to "plow the fields". As usual, put up a notice all over the world first, and then hang a cowhide curtain on eight thick pillars. On Fiona Fang Shili Road, there are bodyguards, and people are not allowed to go any further. At that time, there was an old man who grew crops. He didn't believe that the emperor would really plow the fields himself. On this day, he got up in the middle of the night, took advantage of the darkness, quietly evaded the bodyguard, fell down in three steps and five steps, climbed the Jade Emperor Mountain and hid in the cave halfway up the mountain.
Wait, wait, wait, slowly, it's dawn, the sun rises, and the old Han Dynasty looks down at the mountain. All the people are working in the fields, but there is still no one in this cowhide curtain. It was not until the sun rose to the height of three bamboo poles that a group of talents left the palace, went to Yuhuang Mountain and walked into the cowhide curtain. Soon, he saw someone weeding. The old man opened his eyes again and looked carefully. It turned out that only a few eunuchs were weeding there, while the emperor and his concubine were sitting on the mound in the middle drinking for fun! When the old man saw it, he covered his stomach and sulked. He finally survived the darkness and still quietly touched down the mountain.
The next day, he told people what he had seen. From then on, the whole city knew at once. When the emperor saw that his trick was exposed, he simply stopped "plowing". However, this neat "Bagua Field" has been preserved.
Now, Baguatian has been transformed into Baguatian Ruins Park, which is equipped with public toilets and environmental protection workers. In order to protect this website, we also invited the police to manage it.
The site of Baguatian was once the site of Royal Jiatian in the Southern Song Dynasty. Yoshida is the epitome of China's ancient agriculture-oriented farming culture, and it is the place where the ancient Baguatian emperor attached importance to agricultural production through sacred sacrificial activities. Baguatian first appeared in the Ming Dynasty. According to the "West Lake Tour", "Nanshan Scenic Area has a song borrowing field. Under Tianlong Temple, the middle mound is round, with ditches around it, and Jiugong is called Bagua Field, which is still turbulent. " In the 13th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 143), Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong, in order to show respect for farming and pray for a bumper harvest, adopted the advice of officials of the Ministry of Rites and opened up a homeland in the southern suburbs of Guodu (now the site of Baguatian). During the spring ploughing every year, the royal family led hundreds of civil and military officials to visit here as a "gift", holding three plows and offering sacrifices to farmers. In the Ming Dynasty, Baguatian gradually became a famous scenic spot in Hang Cheng. Gao Lian, a famous scholar, wrote an article "Looking at Cauliflower in Bagua Field" in his book "Enjoy the Four Seasons", which recorded the beautiful scenery at that time. During Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, Ruane built Taiji Pavilion on the mound of Song Dynasty. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Nie, then the magistrate of a county, rebuilt the existing Taiji Pavilion. Since the Ming Dynasty, Yoshida has been cultivated as a fertile field by nearby residents.
After entering the 1990s, the situation in Baguatian became increasingly pessimistic. The dirty environment built by gloomy buildings, noisy markets and heavily polluted storage and processing places has flooded the fertile land that used to be the holy land of streets, and environmental remediation is imperative. In 2007, the Hangzhou Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government started the comprehensive improvement project in Shannan, Huang Yu. The project covers an area of 98 178㎡, and the transformation mainly includes three parts: infrastructure restoration, greening enrichment adjustment, crop allocation and cultural display. Infrastructure renovation includes land leveling, building 4 wooden bridges and 300㎡ buildings, laying 6,400 ㎡ garden roads and wooden plank roads, building about 4,200 ㎡ turnstiles and retaining walls, and installing infrastructure management systems such as weak current, water supply and drainage, and monitoring. Based on the principle of protecting the site, renovating the environment, and tapping cultural tourism and leisure resources, the project will carry out protective transformation on the Bagua field on the basis of maintaining the original plane pattern of the fish with yin and yang in the middle and the octagonal in the periphery, so as to restore its natural features of the Southern Song Dynasty emperor's urging farmers to "borrow farmland" and make it an agricultural science park and a historical and cultural heritage park displaying farming culture. After transformation, the Baguatian Ruins Park is divided into four areas: the main entrance square area, the ancient ruins protection area, the agricultural culture experience area and the agricultural culture display area.
Main entrance square area
The south entrance of Baguatian Ruins Park is set with an embossed wall, which is made of 6.06-meter-long Fujian bluestone and engraved with the whole scene process of the Southern Song Emperor's pro-farming ceremony and soil visit ceremony. It can be seen that the ceremony of the emperor's trip to his homeland at that time was grand and solemn.
Ancient site protection area-In this environmental renovation, the green vegetation in the ancient site area has been appropriately enriched and adjusted according to the principle of "following history and protecting sites" and the original Taiji pattern of Yin and Yang fish in the center of the circular platform. Crops planting in Bagua field is based on the display of farming culture, and factors such as site environment, natural law of crop growth, development and evolution of "Jiugu" varieties in Southern Song Dynasty are comprehensively considered. Planting area is divided into core area, central area and peripheral area. The central core area covers an area of 5 mu, mainly planting crops with local characteristics of Hangzhou, such as Longjing tea, and some seasonal flowers; The periphery 15 mu is now equipped with economic vegetables such as purple and green cabbage; The central area covers an area of 20 mu, with the largest area. At present, indica rice, glutinous rice, soybean, eggplant, mung bean, millet, red pepper, mung bean and other crops have been planted according to the divinatory symbols. A large number of trees and shrubs are planted around the Bagua field for soft isolation, and aquatic plants such as wild water bamboo, reed and lotus are planted on the water surface. The greening area of the project reaches 106720㎡.
Farming culture experience area
It is composed of Little Square, a timed map placed in the form of a compass, Jingshi Road, which shows farmers' harvest songs in December Festival, and Jingqiang Gallery, which consists of 23 ploughing maps made by Kangxi Palace. Among them, the "sequence diagram" intuitively shows the knowledge of ancient agricultural production to citizens and tourists; The Shi Jing Channel of Hou Feng Song in December Festival used 12 ballad-like poems. The sentences were fluent, concise and easy to understand, showing the knowledge about seasons and agriculture. Among the court prints in the Qing Dynasty, the most popular and influential one is Twenty-three Poems of Emperor Kangxi's Imperial Farming Mirror Gallery. Ploughing describes the whole farming process, such as soaking seeds, ploughing fields, pulling out seedlings, harvesting, warehousing and offering sacrifices to gods. The scene is real and vivid.
Agricultural culture exhibition area
The agricultural culture exhibition area mainly displays agricultural tools and maps. Plows, harrows, stone mills and other agricultural tools used for soil preparation, sowing and harvesting are all from farmers in the south of the Yangtze River. To a certain extent, some structural features of ancient farm tools are preserved, which can fully reflect the agricultural farming characteristics in Zhejiang and Hangzhou areas and contain the agricultural cultural characteristics of Jiangnan water towns. This atlas is based on the Agricultural Encyclopedia of Xu Guangqi in Ming Dynasty included in Sikuquanshu. According to the six categories of farm tools, 36 local atlases were selected and copied on the ginkgo board. The agricultural culture exhibition area displays the long history of agricultural culture in China as a traditional agricultural country, integrating historical and cultural education and agricultural popular science education. At the same time, it enriches the participation of scenic spots in specific links such as farming and waterwheels, and realizes the organic integration of entertainment and popular science.
Peripheral traffic
Hangzhou Ceramic Market Station: Y3 809 (South Gate of Park)
Huangyu Feiyun Station: Y3 (Park North Gate)
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Southern Song Dynasty replanted Baguatian.
After repeated argumentation by experts and on-the-spot investigation by agricultural departments, the plan of planting crops and greening in Bagua field was put forward. According to the suggestion of experts from the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the plan of replanting Jiugu at the beginning of this year has been changed, and it is planned to keep Guqi, increase other crops and cash crops, and rotate crops in different seasons.
Chen Wenyue, director of the Crop Research Institute of Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that according to research, the emperor planted nine crops here at that time: soybean, adzuki bean, barley, wheat, rice, millet (millet), glutinous rice, millet and millet. The first seven kinds can be found now, but there are many controversies about Xiaomi and Xiaomi in history. Some records say that millet and millet are the same variety, while others say that millet may be red sorghum or millet. Nobody's sure. "These two crops are likely to have disappeared. Even if we keep seven grains, we are a modern variety, which is very different from before. " Director Chen said. In addition, considering the serious soil hardening and poor water retention in the Bagua field, experts from the Academy of Agricultural Sciences have been busy applying fertilizer to improve the soil recently. Only 5 mu of land was watered with four or five mushroom residues to increase organic fertilizer. The planting area of Bagua field is mainly divided into three parts: core area, central area and peripheral area. The core is the Yin-Yang diagram of the Eight Diagrams Center, which mainly preserves the site and replants some plants, such as laurel, heather, red leaf plum and so on. The core area of the ring is very small, only 5 acres. Plant Longjing tea, pyracantha fortunei, red leaf plum and some seasonal flowers to ensure the color standard all year round. Now I plan to plant Longjing 43 and Shihua at intervals. The periphery covers an area of 1.5 mu, with seasonal flowering vegetation, oil mustard in spring, Scutellaria barbata in summer, chrysanthemum in autumn and cabbage in winter. Considering the best viewing effect during the National Day, Chinese cabbage was planted this time. The central area is the main block with an area of 25 mu. Eight kinds of crops were planted. According to the divinatory symbols, plant different varieties. The first batch is indica rice, glutinous rice, soybean, eggplant, mung bean, millet, red pepper and mung bean. In the first half of next year, buckwheat, barley, broad beans, Chinese milk vetch, spring cabbage, potatoes, radishes and wheat will be planted in different seasons to ensure different scenery in four seasons. [ 1]