Answer: It depicts three scenes: the general indulges in drinking and sex, which leads to a waste of combat preparations, the border soldiers waste their years and achieve nothing, and the survivors long for recovery but their hopes are in vain.
Three things: a red door, a stable horse, and a broken bow.
1. The original poem "Guanshan Moon" by Lu You
Fifteen years after the edict of He Rong, the general came to the border without fighting. The rich men sing and dance, the horses in the stables are fat and dead, and their bows have broken strings.
The fierce fighting in the garrison urged Luo Yue. I joined the army at the age of 30 and now my hair is white. Who knows the heart of a strong man in the flute, and the sky above the sand illuminates the human bones.
Gangge has been heard in the Central Plains since ancient times. How can there be any descendants who go against Hu? The survivors endured death in hope of recovery, and shed tears in several places tonight!
2. Appreciation: "Moon over the Mountains" is an old Yuefu title and is a horizontal blow piece in the military music of the Western Regions. Half of it is used to express the homesickness of the frontier soldiers, with a sad and mournful tone. However, Lu You used it to express his patriotic and cynical thoughts and feelings. The content was rich and substantial, the mood was tragic and exciting, and he showed great creativity in art.
Lu You was a great poet with strong patriotic enthusiasm. He once reached the anti-golden front line at the junction of Shaanxi and Sichuan in the eighth year of Emperor Xiaozong's reign in Song Dynasty. He felt that this was a great opportunity for him to kill his enemies, serve his country, and regain his lost territory. However, due to internal political reasons in the Southern Song Dynasty, the main war faction was squeezed out, so within a year, Lu You was transferred south to Chengdu, inland, far away from the front line. Withdrawing from the Nanzheng front line to Chengdu, I was already very depressed. In addition, the year before writing this poem, Lu You, who was then the magistrate of Jiazhou (now Leshan City, Sichuan), was accused of "Yan drinking and decadence" and He was dismissed from office and was replaced by the Chongdao Temple in Tongbai Mountain, Taizhou. In the face of such a cruel blow, the poet did not become passive and decadent and indulge in his personal misfortune. Instead, he cared more deeply about the country and the people, and sang more lofty patriotism with stronger love and hatred. This song "Moon over the Mountain" concentratedly reflects the poet's lofty thoughts and feelings. In the poem "Han Gong Chun" titled "I first came to Chengdu from Nanzheng to write", he expressed the sad emotion of "Why did I come to the South again?" In addition, because Lu You always insisted on resisting the Jin Dynasty and constantly violated the taboos of the emperor and the forces, in the third year of Chunxi, he was charged with "Yan drinking and decadence" and was dismissed from his official position. "Moon over Guan Shan" was written in Chengdu in the spring of the fourth year of Chunxi's reign in the second year after Lu You suffered this political blow. The poet was already fifty-three years old. This is a seven-character ancient poem, with twelve lines in total, four lines in one paragraph, one paragraph in one paragraph, and three paragraphs in total.
The first four sentences are the first paragraph, which writes about the serious consequences of the ruling class’s surrender policy from a broad perspective. Using a contrasting approach, he angrily condemns the ruling class that only knows about pleasure and humiliation. Due to the failure of Zhang Jun's Northern Expedition, Song Xiaozong issued an edict to negotiate peace with Jin in the first year of Longxing (1163), and signed the "Longxing Peace Agreement" of humiliating surrender. It was exactly fifteen years when this poem was written. The three words "He Rong Zhao" ideologically unite the whole article, pointing out that all the problems and consequences arise from it. At the beginning of the poem, the target of exposure and condemnation is clearly pointed at the supreme ruler. This shows Lu You's vigor and fearless spirit in opposing the compromise and surrender line at that time. The generals guarding the border should have fought, but now they have no chance. The word "empty" contains infinite emotion and anger. The drunken surrenderers were singing and dancing in the high buildings and deep courtyards, while the war horses became fat and died from not fighting, and the bows and arrows rotted from not being used. This scene is so painful for a soldier who only wants to defend the country's borders and restore the Central Plains.
“For fifteen years under the imperial edict of He Rong, the general came to the border without fighting.” Song Xiaozong was perhaps the most outstanding emperor in the Southern Song Dynasty. After ascending the throne, he named his reign "Longxing" and determined to restore the Central Plains and regain the mountains and rivers. , and restored the national hero Yue Fei's posthumous title of "Wu Mu", posthumously named Yue Fei the Duke of E, deprived Qin Hui of his official titles, and ordered veteran general Zhang Jun to expedition to the north of the Central Plains. All this makes people seem to see the ZTE situation and the reappearance of Hanwu. If the Northern Expedition could really be successful at that time, perhaps the history of China would be rewritten. What an exciting thing!
At the beginning of the Northern Expedition, the situation in several prefectures and counties was very good. The Central Plains was shaken, and people responded one after another. Unfortunately, the frontline generals were at odds and fought independently. Zhang Jun failed to deal with it in time, resulting in the failure of Fu. Leave. Zhang Jun has great ambitions but little talent. The failure of the Northern Expedition gave the peace faction an excuse to attack the war faction. They became active again and wrote letters to impeach Zhang Jun, demanding that peace talks be reopened with the Jin people.
Under pressure, Song Xiaozong had to succumb to the peace faction, and even re-appointed Qin Hui's remaining party Tang Si to retire as prime minister, surrendered to the Jin people, and signed a peace treaty. Although the generals commanded troops and horses to station at the border, , but without fighting for a long time, there is nothing to do. What the Southern Song Dynasty lost was not just an opportunity for one generation, but also a historical opportunity for the entire China.
“The rich clan sings and dances, the stable horses are fat and dead, and the bows are broken.” During the Qiandao period, because there was no interference from war, Song Xiaozong concentrated on political affairs. The decadent situation gave rise to the well-off situation of "Qian Chun Zhi".
The aristocratic bureaucrats of the Lord Harmony faction can finally live in high-rise buildings and deep courtyards, enjoy singing and dancing, and live a life of luxury and luxury. Now that the humiliating contract against Jin has been signed, "the world is at peace" and there is no need to fight, who will care about the life and death of the compatriots in the occupied areas? The fame of Taizu of the Song Dynasty was treated as a joke.
The middle four sentences are the second paragraph.
On the border defense line, the sad sounds of fighting came from the garrison, urging the moon to set again and again. The soldiers joined the army in their prime and are now gray-haired. However, they can neither achieve military exploits for the country nor return. Reunion with relatives in hometown. There is no place to express this kind of depression and grief. It can only be conveyed through the sad sound of the flute, but who can really understand it? The bones of the soldiers who sacrificed their lives for the country are still lying on the battlefield under the cold moonlight. "Who knows" echoes "Kong Zhao" and expresses the unspeakable sadness and anger of the warriors very strongly. At the same time, it is related to the previous paragraph and contains an angry condemnation of the capitulationists.
"The fierce fighting in the garrison destroyed the moon. I joined the army at the age of 30 and now my hair is gray." The mood of the soldiers at the front was undoubtedly depressed and indignant. Due to the surrender policy of the Southern Song government, the lost land in the north could not be recovered and the war never ended. Therefore, they were stationed in the garrison for many years and could not reunite with their relatives. This also includes relatives who stayed in the occupied areas in the north. I don’t know if I will ever see them again in this life. They urgently demanded to expel the enemy and reunify the motherland, but this wish was not realized for a long time, and they had to let time pass in vain amidst the cunning voices calling the time. Therefore, every bright moon night, they can't help but miss their hometown and relatives in occupied areas. However, the rulers among the wealthy families are still singing and dancing according to their own music. Where can they hear the voices from the front line? The living warriors' hair turned gray, feeling ashamed of the tens of millions of dead martyrs and compatriots.
"Who knows the heart of a strong man in the flute, but the sky above the sand shows the human bones." A sad and disappointed soldier was playing the flute indifferently, and the bright moon in vain illuminated the sand dunes on the battlefield where the bones were exposed. Is the blood of the brothers in the past flowing in vain? Don’t we, the Chinese, no longer have the pride of riding horses across the desert?
The last four sentences are the third paragraph. Here the poet expanded his vision to the occupied areas and the Central Plains, and wrote about the people's sorrowful feelings and eager expectations for recovery in suffering; at the same time, from the perspective of historical development, he expressed his strong belief in regaining the lost land and his strong resistance to the invaders. Hatred. On the one hand, the author expresses his firm confidence that he cannot tolerate foreign rulers invading the motherland. At the same time, he also raises a painful question: The people in the occupied areas are waiting for recovery with tears, but when will such a wish be realized? The poet did not make a question or answer, but it echoed the first paragraph. The author's strong love and hate, as well as his critical edge, are very clear.
“Gangge in the Central Plains has been heard since ancient times. How can there be any descendants who are against the Hu?” China has been frequently invaded and massacred by foreign nomadic tribes since ancient times. The Xiongnu were defeated by the Han Dynasty, and the Turks were driven away by the Tang Dynasty. Isn't this possible in the Song Dynasty? Didn't the Song Dynasty not have Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Li Jing and Li Ji? Where are these famous generals such as Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Liu Qi and Yu Yunwen now? How could the poet endure the recurrence of the Five Husties in China, and how could he be willing to let the Central Plains continue to be ravaged by foreigners?
It has been four generations since the Jin Dynasty invaded and occupied the Central Plains. The rulers only care about themselves and have long forgotten the people in the occupied areas.
“The survivors endured death in hope of recovery, and shed tears in several places!” The survivors in the northern Central Plains were deeply ravaged by aliens and lived in dire straits. The spiritual strength that supported them was the hope that the Song Army would fight. Go north and restore the reunification of the motherland. However, the survivors were looking forward to the Northern Expedition and their wish for recovery could not be realized. They had no choice but to look south in vain and shed tears.
How many remnants will live with hatred for the rest of their lives. "Wang Shibei Ding Central Plains Day" can only be a luxury item in a dream, a mirror in the mirror, just out of reach...
This song The content of the poem summarizes all aspects of the ideological content of Lu You's patriotic poetry. The content is rich and profound, while the artistic expression is condensed and concentrated, integrating various aspects of content into a neat and varied whole, with desolate and exciting sounds and melancholy and tragic style.