Appreciation of the full text of Li Shangyin's poem "Late Clear"
Living deep in Foujia City, spring is gone and summer is still clear.
God takes pity on the quiet grass, and the world is clear at night.
Also add high pavilions and small windows.
After the bird's nest is dry, its body becomes lighter when it returns.
It may not be too difficult to describe the evening scenery in detail. But if you want to incorporate the poet's unique feelings and mood into the description of the scenery, especially if you want to embody a certain positive attitude towards life without revealing any trace, so that readers can be ideologically inspired, this requires the poet to improve his ideological realm and artistic skills. Xanadu "steps up to the next level."
The first couplet says that he lives in a secluded place, overlooking Jiacheng (the Qucheng outside the city gate), and it is the early summer of the Qing Dynasty. At first glance, it seems that it does not relate to the topic, and the two sentences above and below do not belong to each other. In fact, the "deep residence" in "Foujia City" is the starting point for viewing Wanqing, and the clear and peaceful early summer further points out the specific season of Wanqing. It can be said that the poem's title is embodied in both time and place - the evening sunshine seen from a high view in early summer.
It is rainy in early summer, especially in Lingnan (the poet was working in Zheng Yamu, Guilin at this time). After a long period of rain, the sky clears up, and in the evening the clouds open and the sun sets. All things suddenly become more colorful and radiant, and people's spirits are also refreshed. This kind of sight and feeling is what ordinary people are used to seeing and experiencing. The poet's uniqueness lies in that he neither writes about the scene of Wanqing in general nor makes detailed descriptions, but only picks out the grass that grows in the dark places without being noticed. I have a unique feeling about Wanqing. The secluded grass, which had been suffering from the rain for a long time, suddenly encountered the evening sunshine, and was able to soak up the afterglow and increase its business. The poet was inspired by the scene, and suddenly had the fantasy that "God will pity the secluded grass". This makes the "secret grass" as a natural object invisible and personified, giving people rich associations. The poet himself had a similar fate, so he naturally found himself in Youcao. This embodies the poet's sense of life experience. While he was pleased with his present good fortune, he unintentionally revealed his sadness for his past misfortune. In other words, it was precisely because of his past misfortune that he felt more comforted by his present good fortune. This naturally leads to the saying "Wanqing is the most important thing in the world", and gives "Wanqing" a special meaning in life. The sunset is beautiful, but short-lived. People often admire it and feel regret and regret for its fleetingness. However, the poet did not care about its brevity, but only emphasized "the clear evening". From here, you can experience a feeling of cherishing beautiful and short-lived things, and a positive and optimistic attitude towards life.
The chin couplet is written in a clear and concise manner with profound allusion, while the neck couplet turns to a detailed description of Wan Qing. In this way, the virtual and the real are alternately dense and dense, and the poem appears relaxed and orderly, not flat or monotonous. It clears up in the evening after the rain, the clouds have cleared, and the fog has dispersed. From a high altitude, the view becomes more distant, so it is said that "the high pavilion is added to the pavilion" (this high pavilion is the pavilion where the poet lives). This sentence writes Wanqing from the side, and the angle of the scenery is from inside to outside. The next sentence is written from the front, and the angle is from outside to inside. The afterglow of the setting sun flows on the small window, bringing a ray of light. Because it is an evening scene with slanting light, the light appears weak and soft, so it is called "micro-note". Still, this ray of light brings joy and comfort. This couplet expresses a clear and joyful mood through a detailed description of the evening scene, and embodies the word "heavy".
There is no joint description of the flying birds returning to their nests. Their bodies are light and agile, but they can still be seen from a high altitude. "Chaoqian" and "Tiqing" are cut into "Qing", and "Guifei" is cut into "Wan". The return of the old bird usually brings sorrow to travelers, but here it becomes a foil for the joyful mood. There is a line in an ancient poem, "The bird's nest is flying over the southern branches." Here, it is written that the bird is flying over the nest and returning to its nest, which has a self-contained meaning. If the "secluded grass" is a symbol of the poet's life experience of "degradation and hardship", then the "yue bird" seems to be the incarnation of the poet who is supported and energetic in front of him.
Here I would like to explain some of the circumstances before and after the author entered the Gui Dynasty. After Li Shangyin joined Wang Maoyuan (regarded as Li Dang) as the governor of Zangjing in the third year of Kaicheng (838), he fell into the narrow valley of party struggle and was always hated and excluded by Niu Dang. After Xuanzong succeeded to the throne, the Niu Party controlled the government, and the situation became even more unfavorable to him. He had no choice but to leave Chang'an and follow Zheng Ya to work as an aide in Guilin. Zheng Ya trusts him more and can feel some warmth of human kindness in the scene. At the same time, leaving Chang'an, the whirlpool of party struggle, can temporarily avoid being looked down upon by the Niu Party, which is also a kind of spiritual liberation. Because of this, the poem has the feeling that the quiet grass is lucky enough to meet the evening sunshine, and the flying bird is happy to return to its dry nest.
As a poem with a metaphor, the writing method of "Wanqing" is closer to the "Xing" of "intentionally or unintentionally". The poet may not have a clear intention to support the object metaphor, but when he climbs up to take a look, he can connect with the objects and trigger associations, and the emotions and the environment are harmonious, thus melting the unique and understanding feelings of the moment into the sunset scenery. In the description, it seems particularly natural and seamless, without any trace.
(Liu Xuekai)