Standing alone on the top of the mountain
Lv Dongbin (Lv Yan)
Climb to the top of the mountain alone and look at the capital. After the dark clouds, the bright moon is still lonely. There are countless people in the universe, and several men are husbands.
Dongshan poetry
Bai Juyi
Looking up at the eight capitals, the moon is lonely in the white clouds. There are countless people in the universe, and several men are husbands. "
Background of Dongshan Poetry: Shangyu Dongshan is a famous mountain. Dongshan is famous for its beautiful natural environment and charming scenery. Second, because many celebrities have lived here, there are many cultural attractions, which makes people daydream.
Because Dongshan is a famous mountain, it attracted poets from the Tang Dynasty to visit here and left many poems.
Hymns can be directly copied to the address bar to search, and more information is sent, more words are used, and more confidence is gained ~
Lv Dongbin and Yongle Palace
One of the Eight Immortals of Taoism. The famous rock, Dong Bin, has its own name "Chunyangzi". Tang Jingzhao House (now Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province) was born. He was made a county magistrate by Jinshi. When his mother was about to give birth to him, the house was filled with strange smells, and Yue Xian burst in the air. A white crane fell from the sky and disappeared from his mother's narrative. Lv Dongbin, who was born, is really outstanding. He was smart since he was a child, keeping a diary full of words and reading aloud. When I grow up, I am "eight feet and two inches long, wearing a Huayang towel, wearing a yellow cedar, and wearing a soap cymbal. I look like Zhang Zifang and don't marry at twenty." When he was a baby, Mazu saw him and said, "This child has extraordinary bones and is from the city. Meet Lu, live in the house, buckle at the sight of the clock. Pay attention. " Later, Lv Dongbin visited Lushan Mountain, saw a real dragon, and taught the Tiandun swordsmanship. At the age of sixty-four, I visited Chang 'an, where I met a feather scholar in a white robe, writing poems on the wall. Lv Dongbin saw that he was eccentric and poetic, so he asked his name. Yu Shi said, "I'm Mr. Fang Yun. I live in He Ling, Zhong Nanshan. Do you want to go with me? " Lv Dongbin never made a promise. This Mr. Fang Yun is "Zhong Liquan". In the evening, Zhong Liquan and Lv Dongbin stay in the bar together. When Lv Dongbin was asleep, Mr. Fang Yun cooked for him alone. He dreamed that he was the top scholar, proud of officialdom, and full of children and grandchildren, which was extremely glorious. Suddenly, he was convicted of a felony, his family property was confiscated, and his wife and children were separated. When he was old, he knew all this. He was down and out, standing alone in the snow shivering, almost sighing. Suddenly, Zhong Liquan's rice was not cooked, so Zhong Liquan wrote a poem, "Huang Liang is not cooked yet, and he dreamed of Chinese food." "Lv Dongbin exclaimed," Do you know my dream? " Zhong Liquan said, "The dream you just had is full of ups and downs, with thousands of honors and sorrows. Fifty years old is like an instant! What you get is not worth celebrating, and what you lose is not worth mourning. Life is like a dream. So Lv Dongbin decided to learn Taoism from Zhong Liquan. After the test of "Ten Tests", Zhong Liquan awarded him Daoism. Lv Dongbin has Daoism and fencing skills, which can kill demons and harm people for the benefit.
He was honored as one of the five northern ancestors (Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, and Chun, Lv Dongbin is the most famous of the Eight Immortals, and there are many legends about him.
Among the Eight Immortals handed down from generation to generation, Lv Dongbin is the most influential. According to the survey data of the customs, there are few temples where the Eight Immortals meet in China, the most famous of which is the Eight Immortals Palace in Xi 'an, which was expanded from the original Lv Zu Temple according to local legends (The Eight Immortals Palace in Xi 'an by Zhang Jianxin and Chen Yueqin, Sanqin Publishing House,1May 1993); In other words, this is mainly due to the relationship between Lv Dongbin and the Eight Immortals Palace. On the contrary, there used to be temples dedicated to Lv Dongbin all over the country, and there were many related temple fairs, especially the "Lv Zu Birthday" on April 14 in the summer calendar (April 1 1 day in some areas). Taoists call him "Lv Zu God" or "Zu Dongbin" and ask him to maintain his religion and attract many disciples. People call him "the Great Immortal of Lv Zu", and those who beg him will punish evil and promote good, eliminate disasters and reduce happiness, or have good weather and ensure a bumper harvest. When it comes to Lv Dongbin's stories and legends, poems and records, it is enough to carry a bucket; However, there are many contradictions and doubts in his birth time, hometown and resume, so even whether Lv Dongbin really exists in history has become a problem.
Generally speaking, Lv Dongbin is said to be the grandson of Lu Wei, assistant minister of the Tang Dynasty, and his father Lu Zhen is the secretariat of Haizhou. His real name is rare. He was born on April 14th in the 20th year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (646). His ancestral home is Yongle County (now Ruicheng, Shanxi). I have been good at reading since I was a child. There are hundreds of profound scholars, but Sancai is not the first one. Wu Zetian was gifted for two years (69 1). At the age of forty-six, Lu went to Chang 'an to take the exam and met the angel Zhong Liquan in a restaurant. Zhong Liquan asked him to dream of making a success and making a fortune, so as to seal the shadow of his wife. When he woke up, he realized that fame and fortune were all dreams, so he realized that he worshipped Zhong Liquan as a teacher and went to Zhong Nanshan to study. He changed his name and became a stranger. Later, he traveled all over the mountains and rivers, preaching and teaching, and returned to Lushan at the age of 53. At the age of 64, he went to court and became the jade emperor, giving him the title of pure Yoko.
The above-mentioned Lv Dongbin's life stories are all recorded in Volume 14 of Fairy Mirror compiled by Ming Xudao. There are two groups of antique buildings that provide "physical proof". One is Yongle Town, 20 kilometers west of Ruicheng, Shanxi Province, which is said to be its birthplace. After Lu Yuhua, the villagers changed their former residence to Lv Gong Temple, which was expanded to a Taoist temple at the end of Jin Dynasty and upgraded to a palace at the beginning of Yuan Dynasty. Qiu Chuji, the founder of Quanzhen Taoism, sent his disciple Pan Dechong to supervise the construction and build it into a magnificent Yongle Palace. Among them, 52 murals depict the life story of Lv Dongbin in the Pure Sunshine Hall. 1959, because the Sanmenxia reservoir area was enclosed, the government moved all the precious cultural relics such as buildings and murals to Longquan Village in the north of Ruicheng County. In addition, the location of Xi 'an Eight Immortals Palace today is said to be the site of Chang 'an Restaurant where Lv Dongbin met immortals after drinking. Therefore, on the left side of the Shanmen archway of the Eight Immortals Palace, there is a "Lv Dongbin Daocheng Monument" with the official script "Chang 'an Restaurant" and the regular script "Mr. Lv Chunyang met Mr. Han Zhongli and became a Daocheng".
But in other records, there are great differences about Lv Dongbin's life. Based on the theory of native place, the legend of Jixian County said: "Lu Xie is the cave shore, and the cloud-loving people are from Jiujiang"; "Advocacy of Tang Poetry" Hao Tianting's note: "(Lu) Dong Bin is from Jingzhao"; Collection of Ancient and Modern Books: Divine Scripture quotes Lu Zhenren's Jiangzhou Wangjiang Pavilion: "I'm from Jingchuan", and the same book quotes Henan Fuzhi: "Lu Xie is a cave guest and a native of Benfuhe". According to the theory of the birth year and activity time of the sixth volume of The Legend of the Immortal, he was born in Zhenyuan, Tang Dezong on April 14, 798. During his stay in Huichang, Tang Wuzong (84 1-846), he was awarded the title of scholar twice and the title of immortal from Zhong Liquan in Chang 'an Restaurant. "The Record of Wangjiangge in Jiangzhou" records that "the three scholars in the late Tang Dynasty were not the first, because they swam between rivers and lakes, they were given the skill of prolonging their lives"; The Biography of Chen Tuan in the Song Dynasty also records that he was "over 100 years old" in the Five Dynasties and visited Chen Tuan's home several times. There are also many explanations about his origin and whether he is a scholar. As recorded in Advocacy of Tang Poetry, Lv Dongbin worked in Xian Tong, Tang Yizong (860-874) and served as county magistrate twice. By the end of the Tang Dynasty in Huang Chao, the family began to live in seclusion in the south, which was unpredictable. The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books quotes Anqing's chronicle, saying that he was a scholar of Tianbao (742-756) of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and was awarded the order of Dehua County in Jiangzhou. Because of private travel to Lushan Mountain, I realized the reality when I met the clock. In addition, Biography and Gossip of Haoan Temple cited in Wudang Mountain Records show that the father's surname is Li and the mother's surname is Lu, which was originally an imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty. Because Wu Zetian wanted to destroy the descendants, she lived in seclusion in the cave with her mother's surname Lu, and changed her name to Yan, the word Dong Bin.
To sum up, his origin is the grandson of Tang assistant minister Lu and the second theory of Tang imperial clan; About the birth year of Zhenguan and Zhenyuan in the Tang Dynasty, Tiancai, Tianbao, Huichang and Xian Tong in the exam, Yongle, Jingzhao, Jingchuan and Jiujiang in the birthplace, two theories about resumes, and four theories about Chang 'an, Zhongnan, Lushan and the uncertain "Jianghu". In the Pillow, written by Ji Shen, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, tells the story of a man named Lu Sheng who lived in a hotel in Handan during the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Taoist Lu Weng gave him a pillow so that he could enjoy all the splendor in his dreams. When I woke up, I found myself lying beside Lu Weng, and the pot of rice steamed by the shopkeeper was not cooked before I fell asleep. So he came to his senses and left with Lu Wengxian. Tang Xianzu's drama "Handan Ji" with this theme in Ming Dynasty. The plot and theme of this legend are in contrast with the legend that Zhong Liquan inspired Lv Dongbin, and the latter is obviously born out of the former. But later generations also regarded this "Lu Weng" as Lv Dongbin, so today there is still a Lu Weng Temple built in the Song Dynasty in Huangliangmeng Village, Handan, Hebei Province, which was also provided by Lv Dongbin. Zhai Hao, a A Qing dynasty man, once dismissed Lv Dongbin as a myth on the grounds that he was born in Zhenyuan. Is it true that he was with others in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty? In fact, if you look at the above arrangement, you will find that there are still many contradictions. For example, Cha is a person who is widely rumored by the government as a river man, but he used to be an assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites. If Lv Dongbin is the grandson of Lu Wei and the son of Lu Jean, how can he be a scholar in Tianbao?
Because of many contradictions, scholars have almost never stopped arguing about Lv Dongbin since the middle of Ming Dynasty. The focus of the debate is: First, whether this "Lv Xian" really exists, there are roughly two schools of views. One school thinks it really exists, but in which era, there are three theories: Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties and the early years of Northern Song Dynasty. Among them, the theory of "Tang" is divided into two types: the middle Tang Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty. The basis is basically the notes and poems of the literati in the Southern Song Dynasty. The other school doubts whether this person exists, on the basis that there is no record of this person in the records of the Tang and Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty. However, in recent years, according to textual research, the deeds spread in Jingchuan and Chang 'an areas in the early Song Dynasty (Chen's Textual Research on Mistaken Poems of Tang Poetry contains 24 series of literature and history). Others think that it is because there are many real people named Lu in the legendary unofficial history Zhongxian Road written by the Tang Dynasty (such as Lu Weng in Shen Jiji's Sleeping on the Pillow), and a chance brought them together, so there was a new legend. As for what this opportunity is, it is hard to say now.
There are nearly 300 poems signed by Lv Dongbin in The Whole Tang Poetry. The textual research on Lv Dongbin involves not only the study of religious folklore, but also the identification and arrangement of classical literary heritage, such as which are the original works of Lu Xie or Yan Lu that can be preserved in The Whole Tang Poetry, and which are the works of Song, Jin and Yuan people that are borrowed from The Whole Song Poetry. However, the so-called "Lv Zu" is a myth, and all his poems about immortals are scholars constructed by Taoism, while the related poems can all belong to the category of "Taoist literature", at least they should be excluded from the "whole Tang poetry". In recent years, some scholars have tried to find clues from Lu Wei's biography and Lu Zhen's epitaph, so as to be confirmed from Lv Dongbin's legendary materials, but the conclusion is still speculation, and the mystery of Lv Zu's life experience has not been solved after all.