Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of dilution, and Hu Yinglin said that he "started the school of plain things through the ages" (Poetry). This is because: the poet witnessed the political corruption at that time, unable to reverse Gan Kun, but unwilling to collude with others, so he abandoned the palace and retired, devoted himself to farming between mountains and rivers, and lived a quiet, leisurely and plain life. The poem "Drinking" says:
build house is in a human environment, and there are no chariots and horses. Ask you what you can do? The heart is far from self-centered.
under the east fence of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely. There is truth in this, and I have forgotten what I want to say.
On the surface, the poet is completely divorced from reality and doesn't care about anything, but in fact, he shows his angry emotions in twists and turns. Therefore, Su Dongpo said that Tao's poems were "rich but real" (A Book with Su Zhe), while Zhu Xi called them "uninhibited in plain, so" healthy in language but carefree in meaning "(Zhu Xi's genre). It can be seen that "any light ancient poem must have a profound language, a simple reason, and a bone that is immortal; If not, the mountains and rivers are clear and easy to flow in thin ... "(Shi Buhua's Poems on My Servant)
" Zhuang Lao excused himself, but the mountains and rivers were graceful. " (Wen Xin Diao Long Ming Shi) During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the scholar-officials and intellectuals had long been uninterested in metaphysical poetry, so they found another way to find sustenance from the mountains and rivers. They often haunt famous mountains and ancient temples, and when they swim between Maolin and Xiuzhu, they feel something from time to time, so they use poetry to dilute the style and overflow the pen. It shows the rushing and light colors of nature and the poet's distant mood. For example, Xie Tiao said, "The trees are far away and the buildings are warm, and the smoke is endless. Fish play new lotus moves, birds scatter and flowers fall "("You Dongtian "), which is another image portrayal of diluted style.
In the Tang Dynasty, Dilution entered the field of painting, competing with elegance. At that time, the school of painting, represented by Li Sixun and his son, was magnificent and magnificent, echoing the style of palace poetry that advocated the shackles. As a poet and painter, Wang Wei took part in the debate with landscape flower-and-bird paintings. His paintings are famous in Beijing for their simplicity and simplicity, and he became the founder of Nanzong. He applied the style of painting to the creation of landscape poems, which formed a unique dilution. It shows the characteristics of being far away and quiet. Look:
people are idle and osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty.
when the moon comes out, the birds startle the mountains, and when they sing in the spring stream. (birdsong stream)
hibiscus flowers with sawdust and red calyx in the mountains.
there are no people in the stream: they all open and fall. (Xinyiwu)
there seems to be no one on the empty mountain, and yet I think I hear a voice.
where sunlight, entering a grove, get back on the moss. ("Luchai")
These poems lack the pastoral flavor of Tao poems, but reveal a nihility that is divorced from the world, showing an ethereal spirit in dilution.