Name: pomegranate category: arbor
Scientific name: pomegranate.
English name: pomegranate
Family Name: Pomegranate, Pomegranate
Alias: An Pomegranate, Dan Ruo, Jin Biao, Jin Pang and Tu Lin.
Latin name: pomegranate
brief introduction
Pomegranate, formerly known as pomegranate Deciduous shrubs or small trees of pomegranate family, 2-7 meters high; Branchlets rounded, or slightly angular, spiny at the top, smooth and glabrous. The leaves are opposite or clustered, obovate to oblong, or elliptic-lanceolate, 2-8 cm long and 1-2 cm wide, with sharp tips, shiny surfaces and convex midvein on the back; Having a short petiole. Flowers 1 to several, born at the top of branches or axillary, with short stalks; Calyx bell-shaped, orange-red, thick, 2-3 cm long, 5-7 lobes at the top, with papillae outside the lobes; Petals are as many as sepals, alternate, born in calyx tube, obovate, slightly higher than calyx lobes, usually red, but also white, yellow or crimson. Petals will shrink, because there are several varieties of single petals and double petals, such as DC pomegranate ... yellow pomegranate ... and pomegranate ... Flowering from June to July, fruiting from 9-65438+ 10.
Pomegranate originated in Persia (present-day Iran) and was introduced to China in the second century BC. "An Shiguo, Wan Li tribute to Liu Hua. Because it was smashed by Han, it was handed over to Heyuan. " According to Jin Zhanghua's "Natural History", "Money went out to the Western Regions and got pomegranate seeds from Anshiguo in Tulin, hence the name An Pomegranate."
use
The fruit is edible; Fruit juice can make wine;
Pericarp and root bark have astringent, antidiarrheal and insecticidal effects;
Can also be used as a black dye; Cooking leaves can replace tea leaves.
Pomegranate can see both flowers and fruits. Small potted pomegranate can be used to decorate potted flowers or indoor ornamental, and large potted pomegranate can be planted in a large pot as a background material for three-dimensional display or flower decoration.
Nutritional value of pomegranate
Pomegranate is particularly rich in nutrition and contains many nutrients needed by human body. Fruit contains vitamins C and B, organic acids, sugar, protein, fat and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and potassium. According to the analysis, pomegranate fruit contains carbohydrate 17%, water 79% and sugar 13 ~ 17%, among which vitamin C content is twice as high as that of apple, while fat and protein content are less, and the fruit is mainly fresh.
Medicinal value of pomegranate
Pomegranate juice contains a variety of amino acids and trace elements, which has the functions of helping digestion, resisting gastric ulcer, softening blood vessels, lowering blood fat and blood sugar, lowering cholesterol and so on. It can prevent coronary heart disease, heart disease and hypertension, and has the effects of invigorating stomach, refreshing mind, stimulating appetite and prolonging life, and has a miraculous effect on alcoholics.
Pomegranate is a treasure, and its skin, roots and flowers can be used as medicine. Its peel contains malic acid, tannin, alkaloids and other components. According to related experiments, pomegranate peel has obvious bacteriostatic and astringent effects, which can make intestinal mucosa converge and reduce the secretion of intestinal sticky wax, so it can effectively treat diarrhea, dysentery and other diseases, and has a good inhibitory effect on Shigella and Escherichia coli. In addition, pomegranate peel contains alkaline substances, which have insect repellent effect; Pomegranate flower has the function of stopping bleeding, and pomegranate flower soaking and washing eyes has the function of improving eyesight.
Pomegranate is rich in minerals, with two major antioxidant components-pomegranate polyphenols and anthocyanins, as well as linoleic acid, vitamin C, B6, E and folic acid. The extracts of minerals such as calcium, magnesium and zinc contained in pomegranate can quickly replenish skin moisture loss and make skin brighter and softer. List of Nutritional Components of Pomegranate with Red Pink Peel
(According to 100g) Component Name Content Component Name Content Component Name Content
Edible portion 57 Moisture (g) 78.7 Energy (kcal) 64
Energy (kilojoule) 268 protein (g) 1.3 Fat (g) 0. 1.
Carbohydrate (g) 19.4 dietary fiber (g) 4.9 cholesterol (mg) 0
Ash (g) 0.5 Vitamin A (mg) 0 Carotene (mg) 0
Retinol (mg) 0 Thiamine (mg) 0.05 Riboflavin (mg) 0.03
Nicotinic acid (mg) 0 vitamin C (mg) 13 vitamin E(T) (mg) 3.72
a-E 0 (β-γ)-E 1.49 δ-E 2.23
Calcium (mg) 16 phosphorus (mg) 76 potassium (mg) 2 18
Sodium (mg) 0.8 magnesium (mg) 16 iron (mg) 0.2
Zinc (mg) 0. 19 selenium (μ g) 0 copper (mg) 0. 17
Manganese (mg) 0. 18 iodine (mg) 0
meaning
China: People in China regard pomegranate as a mascot and consider it a symbol of many children and many blessings. The ancients called pomegranate "a thousand rooms are the same piece, and a thousand children are like one." When people get married, they often put the peeled pomegranate with berries exposed on the desk of the new house or handle it by him, and some people give pomegranate to wish them good luck. Common auspicious paintings are Liu Kaibaizi, Sanduo and Huafeng Zhu San, and many children are blessed.
International: There is a red pomegranate on the national emblem of Spain, which is the national flower of Spain. Pomegranate is both ornamental and edible. Pomegranate blooms in early summer. Under the shade of green leaves, it ignited a fiery red, gorgeous as a haze. After enjoying the flowers, in two or three months, the red fruit will be covered with branches again, just like "the fruit is hung with stars, and the light is like green mountains reflecting green water." It is "Danpa knot show, China (flower) is beautiful." Pomegranate, which grew in China in modern times, was brought back to China by Zhang Qian when he was in the Western Regions in Han Dynasty. People borrow pomegranate seeds to wish their children and grandchildren a full house. Pomegranate tree is a symbol of wealth, auspiciousness and prosperity. In Spain, pomegranate trees can be seen everywhere on 500,000 square kilometers of land, whether in plateau mountainous areas, towns and villages, or in front of houses and behind seashore parks.
New medical discoveries
American researchers said in a report that the popular deep red pomegranate juice found in laboratory test vessels and mice can resist cancer cells.
In a research report published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences this week, researchers pointed out that they injected human prostate cancer cells into mice, causing them to develop prostate tumors. Then give it pomegranate juice. After a period of "dieting", they found that the tumor had shrunk. Pomegranate juice is rich in antioxidants, which can make fruits and vegetables appear dark and resist chemicals that destroy cells and develop into cancer or other diseases.
Dr Hassan Mukhtar, a professor of dermatology at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, who led the research, said: "Our research is still in its infancy, but it adds more evidence that pomegranate contains very powerful chemicals to fight cancer, especially prostate cancer. Now we have more reasons to experiment on humans to see if we can prevent and treat cancer. " This is a big step from treating mice infected with human cancer to treating humans, but other studies also believe that pomegranate juice and other foods rich in oxidants are helpful to deal with tumors.
According to the statistics of American Cancer Society, prostate cancer has become the second biggest killer after lung cancer, and 30,000 people died of prostate cancer this year. 230,000 American men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, but most of them were not treated in time.
Pomegranate: It has been designated as the national tree by the African country-Libya.
Ecological habit
Likes light, has certain cold tolerance, likes moist and fertile calcareous soil, and blooms in May-July. Double petals are unbearable, mainly used for flower viewing; Single petal is easy to bear fruit, mainly used for fruit viewing. Calyx is leathery, berries are nearly spherical, and mature in autumn. The fleshy layer of seeds is used for fresh food or processed into cool drinks. The pericarp is used as medicine, which is warm and sour, and has the effects of astringent intestine, hemostasis and anthelmintic.
morphological character
Pomegranate is a deciduous shrub or small tree, but it becomes an evergreen tree in the tropics. The crown is clustered and naturally round. The roots are yellow-brown. It grows vigorously and the rhizosphere is easy to take root and tiller. The height of the tree can reach 5-7 meters, generally 3-4 meters, while the dwarf pomegranate is only about 1 meter or lower. The stem is grayish brown, with a tumor-like process on it, and the stem is mostly twisted to the left. There are many branches in the crown, and the young prostitutes are angular and mostly square. Branchlets are flexible and not easy to break. Primary branches are staggered, opposite on strong branchlets, with small spines. The length of thorns is related to the variety and growth. Lush trees have many thorns, but old trees have few thorns. The colors of flower buds change with the seasons, including purple, green and orange. The leaves are lanceolate, 1-9 cm long, round or slightly pointed, thick and entire, opposite to the long branches and clustered on the short branches. Flowers are bisexual, depending on whether the ovary is developed or not. There are bell-shaped flowers and tubular flowers. The former is good at fertilization, while the latter often withers and bears no fruit. In that year, a bunch of 1 flower was planted at the top of the new shoot and at the axil below the back neck to several flowers; Sepals hard, fleshy, tubular, 5-7-lobed, persistent with locules; Petals obovate, as many as sepals and alternate, arranged in imbricate shape. Flowers are divided into single petals and double petals. Double-petalled varieties have many pistils and are sterile, with dozens of petals; Flowers are red, white, yellow, pink and agate. Stamens are numerous, filaments are hairless. Pistil has 1 style, which is longer than stamens, with 4-8 carpels and lower ovary. When it matures, it becomes a large, multicellular and multi-seeded berry, with many seeds in each cell. The exocarp is fleshy, bright red, reddish or white, juicy, sweet and sour, and is an edible part; The inner seed coat is horny, and some of it degenerates and softens, which is soft-seeded pomegranate.
Breeding and cultivation
Pomegranate bears barren drought and is afraid of waterlogging. It needs a lot of water during the growing season. Pomegranate cultivation mainly includes garden cultivation, fruit tree cultivation, bonsai cultivation and potted plants.
Maturity and harvest
Pomegranate blooms three times a year, so it bears fruit three times. Generally, the first flower or the second flower develops well. Harvest should be timely according to variety characteristics, fruit maturity and climatic conditions. The signs of pomegranate fruit maturity are: (1) the peel turns from green to yellow, the colored varieties are full of color, and the fruit surface appears shiny. (2) Fruit tendons appear. (3) Red or silvery white needle-like awns in marrow cells are fully displayed. (4) The seeds are full, and the soluble solid content of fruit juice reaches the inherent concentration of the variety. Ripe fruits should be picked before it rains, and it is forbidden to pick them in rainy days.
Distribution of origin
Pomegranate is native to Iran, Afghanistan and other countries in Asia Minor. Today, in Iran, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan and Georgia, there are still large areas of wild pomegranate forests with an altitude of 300- 1000 meters. Pomegranate is one of the earliest introduced and cultivated fruit trees and flowers. China, India, Asia, Africa and Europe are all cultivated as fruit trees along the Mediterranean coast, especially in Africa. The United States is mainly distributed in California. Spain on Iberian Peninsula in Southwest Europe regards pomegranate as the national flower. On the land of 500,000 square kilometers, pomegranate flowers are planted in many places, whether in highlands, in front of houses in towns and villages, or in parks and gardens in coastal cities. Pomegranate is widely distributed in Iran and its vicinity, and many excellent varieties have been bred. After pomegranate was introduced into China, it was loved by people because of its beautiful flowers and easy cultivation. It is listed as the "moon flower" in May of the agricultural lunar calendar and is called "durian month". At present, cultivation is distributed all over China, except in extremely cold areas. Among them, Shaanxi, Anhui, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xinjiang are many. Beijing and Tianjin can be planted in good microclimate conditions. In the north where the annual average extreme minimum temperature is-19℃ isotherm, pomegranate can't be planted in the open field, and it is usually cut in pots. The main pomegranate producing areas in China are Lintong, Ganxian and Sanyuan in Shaanxi, Huaiyuan, Xiaoshan, Suixi and Chaoxian in Anhui, Suzhou, Nanjing, Xuzhou and Pixian in Jiangsu, Mengzi, Qiaojia, Jianshui and Chenggong in Yunnan and Huili in Sichuan. Pomegranate in Yecheng, Xinjiang is famous for its big fruit and high quality.
Poetry about pomegranate
Pomegranate flower poetry
Title: Wang Yishan's Song Ci.
When the south wind wants to play, the Dan wall is surrounded by greenery.
Pomegranate has dry red buds, and endless spring is stronger.
Don't come to the western regions because of Wang Bo. Andrew's famous flowers are given to Anshi.
The ancient scenery on the Yuan Chao Pavilion is really hand-planted.
Seven wonders, enjoying lotte, and managing the poems of southern pomegranate flowers.
Don
When you send flowers in return, you don't know what you are doing.
A few years later, I found two dusty poems on the wall.
Bees, Pomegranate Flowers and Poetry
( 1)
Bees fly into June
See also pomegranate flower red
Dance and game style
Hum, hum, hum. ...
Sprinkle bursts of laughter into the air
(2)
Bees, bees
The Koran declares that
You are a sacred insect.
In the hearts of ancient Egyptians
You are the shadow of the sun god's tears
Praise of literary heroes
You are a symbol of poetic inspiration.
Architect's statement
You are a miracle worker.
Bees, Pomegranate Flowers and Poetry
( 1)
Bees fly into June
See also pomegranate flower red
Dance and game style
Hum, hum, hum. ...
Sprinkle bursts of laughter into the air
(2)
Bees, bees
The Koran declares that
You are a sacred insect.
In the hearts of ancient Egyptians
You are the shadow of the sun god's tears
Praise of literary heroes
You are a symbol of poetic inspiration.
Architect's statement
You are a miracle worker.
In a mysterious country
No matter which class you are in.
Will show a kind of
Diligence, unity and loyalty
In the natural material chain
Whether you accept or give.
Will show a kind of
Openness, fairness and justice
(3)
Pomegranate flower red
Attracted butterflies and bees.
Add a landscape.
Happy and sad with the gardener
Bees dance gracefully.
Arouse a series of bright smiles from Liu Hua.
Butterflies have many styles.
What brought Liu Hua was a thousand kinds of pain.
This state of mind of pomegranate flower
Except the gardener.
Who can understand?
Song of pomegranate
In autumn, cicadas are singing, locust leaves are yellow, pomegranate is fragrant, and the elderly are worried about the cold cream.
Liu Xia is wrapped in purple parrot millet, and yellow wax paper is wrapped in red room.
The jade carving curling is wet, and your spot seems to make Xiang 'e cry.
Xiao Niang's first marriage is bittersweet and chews thousands of grains of water.
Pomegranate also appeared in Guo Moruo's Ding and the ninth volume of Muruo's Collected Works.
pomegranate
Guo Moruo
After May, the sun increased its power and the trees opened their umbrellas. When you don't want to compete for beauty, some trees are in bloom at this time. Pomegranate tree is the cutest of these trees.
Pomegranate has plum branches and willow leaves, which are strange but not barren, fresh but not gentle and lovely. This style has both advantages and disadvantages of plum tree.
The most lovely thing is its flowers, which are dark red flowers that cannot be avoided by direct sunlight. The single petal is far away, and the double petal is more gorgeous. Isn't that the heart of summer?
Just that little eggplant-shaped bone flower is a miracle. You see, it gradually turns red, and it gradually turns into four petals from the top. Even the sharpest scissors can't cut such symmetrical things, but who cut so many vases with red agate and arranged flowers skillfully?
Although a single flower is not as luxurious as a double flower, it has a wonderful performance. The vase of red agate has changed from a Greek-style ampu thorn to a Chinese-style gold cup, which is a bronze ware with rich ancient flavor in Yin and Zhou Dynasties. There are all kinds of rust colors named by Bo Gu's family.
Do you really think it's a golden cup of wine? It will laugh at you. When autumn comes, it seems that it can't help laughing at its tricks and showing its white teeth. Have you ever seen such transparent and white teeth anywhere else?
I like summer. Summer is an upward stage of the whole universe, at which people's body and mind are freed from heavy bondage. So I prefer this summer's heart.
A friend came back from Kunming and said that the pomegranate in Kunming is particularly big, the seeds are particularly full, sweet and sour, and sour tastes more beautiful. I can't help but vomit.
Appreciation: Pomegranate is a beautiful poem. Where is the beauty of pomegranate? The beauty lies in that the author describes the shape of pomegranate with vivid language, and more importantly, it hooks the soul of pomegranate from the beautiful shape. Look, it says, "All the trees are under umbrellas, 1 Don't want to compete for beauty any more", but pomegranate blooms among evergreen trees like fire. The branches and leaves of pomegranate are strange and fresh; Flowers, land away, luxury; Bone flower, like a vase in Red Square, seems to be Chinese-style gold; Especially in autumn, pomegranate laughs, revealing a mouthful of white teeth, transparent and tender. What a beautiful image! Think about her spirit of not being afraid of the heat to add luster to nature, and her enthusiasm of jumping like a person who wants to stay and live. We think pomegranate is of better quality. From the perspective of writing, the most prominent features of Pomegranate written by Mr. Guo Moruo before liberation are:
First, pomegranate is not written about pomegranate, but compared with other trees, thus highlighting the "personality characteristics" of pomegranate and leaving a distinct impression on readers.
Second, the imagination is rich, strange and magical. This is reflected in the author's description of pomegranate flowers. Really speaking, pomegranate flowers are very general in shape and color, unlike plum blossom, peony, chrysanthemum, orchid, lotus and so on, which can be written more. Faced with this situation, the average author may only write a few words truthfully. However, it is difficult to be a beautiful article that surprises readers. Mr. Guo Moruo deserves to be generous. He firmly grasped the flower-shaped characteristics of pomegranate flowers and spread the wings of imagination. Thus, in his works, the originally unremarkable pomegranate flowers suddenly became extraordinary and beautiful: some seemed to be inserted in vases cut with red agate, and those petals could not be cut so symmetrically with sharp scissors; Others have become ancient bronzes-China's Yin and Zhou wine glasses. Even better, in autumn, they become beautiful women who can't help showing their white teeth ... The author's keen observation and rich and strange imagination are amazing.