1. Knowing people and commenting on the world
(Knowing people) [vote] Introduction to the author:
Lu You, whose name is Wu Guan, also known as Fang Weng. A famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty.
When he was young, Lu You set his ambition to mount his horse to attack Kuang Hu and dismount his horse to draft military orders. He always adhered to the idea of ??resisting the Jin Dynasty, and with the spirit of sacrifice to serve the country even if he died, he was determined to wipe out the Hu dust and calm down the national disaster. However, in the political struggle, he was repeatedly squeezed and attacked by the capitulation faction of the imperial court. , however, he always adhered to his ideals.
In the second year of Jiading (1210), the 85-year-old poet passed away with the regret of "not wanting to see the Central Plains before he died". When he was writing poems at the end of his life, he still kept in mind the Northern Expedition and the recovery of the lost territory. (Shier)
[Submission] There are 9,300 poems by Lu You in existence. He is one of the poets with the most poems in the history of Chinese literature. Among the tens of thousands of poems written in the past 60 years, the outstanding feature of Lu's poems is their many heroic and elegant words, which talk about the conquest and recovery. (This poem is a clear example.)
(On the World) [Submit]
(Combined with Note 1 under the book) Talk about when and where this work was written by the poet Where and under what circumstances was it written?
It was written when Chunlu, Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty, was traveling in his hometown of Shanyin in the 13th year of Chunxi (1186). Lu You was sixty-one years old at the time, which was obviously an age when time did not wait for me. However, the poet was deposed and could only stay idle in his hometown. He thought about the broken mountains and rivers, and the Central Plains had not yet been harvested. He wanted to die without a battlefield to serve his country. He felt how difficult the world was. The villain harms the country. As a result, the poet's grief and anger burst out.
[Submit] Look at the title, what does it mean? Book: write, anger: grief, anger, depression
[Submit] "Book of anger" expresses the depression, sadness and anger in the chest.
Where did Lu You’s depression, grief and anger come from? Where in the poem can reflect Lu You’s depression, grief and anger?
1. With questions, combine the initial notes in the book Read the work.
2. What is the emotional tone of the whole poem when reading the text together? Depression, grief and anger (title)
3. Imagine the author’s life situation, with what the author wants to express Read the text again with sadness and anger.
Do you have the image of the author in your mind at this time?
4. Read along
Now let’s discuss with ***, in the poem Which parts of the film can reflect Lu You's depression, grief and anger.
2. Interpret the words and figure out the feelings
Give the students a few supplementary notes to help everyone understand the poem.
1. When I was young, I knew that things were difficult, and the Central Plains looked to the north like a mountain. (The inversion of poetry)
This association with the past shaped the poet's self-image in his early years. At that time, he was full of patriotic enthusiasm, but he did not understand the hardships of the world. Looking at the Central Plains occupied by the Jin people in the north, he felt a mountain of resentment in his heart.
What kind of desire does the poet imply here? He wants to regain lost ground.
Can Lu You's depression, grief and anger be reflected here? Anger
"The world is difficult", alluding to the capitulation faction's control of government affairs, which pave the way for the following "Kong Zi Xu". In terms of composition, the word "angry" in the title of the poem is highlighted.
2. The building boat is crossing Guazhou in the snowy night, and the iron horse disperses in the strong autumn wind.
This couplet embodies the poet’s desire for recovery. ?Lou Chuan Ye Xue and Iron Horse Autumn Wind? summarize what kind of battles they have twice? A victorious battle.
Guazhoudu repelled the invasion of the Jin soldiers, and Dashan Pass was lost and recovered. This shows that the people of the Southern Song Dynasty have the strength to defend their territory, but now the opportunity to regain the Central Plains is gone.
It can be seen that he wanted to join in such a battle back then. Both battles took place in the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1161), when the poet was only 36 years old.
Two sentences of "Lou Chuan" describe the Song soldiers' fight against the Jin soldiers' invasion in the southeast and northwest, and also summarize the poet's past travels. In November of the 31st year of Shaoxing reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty (1161), the gold lord Wanyan Liang invaded the south. The Song army refused to defend in the Guazhou area, and then the Jin army retreated. The previous sentence refers to this. In the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty (1172), Lu You was attending Wang Yan's military affairs in Nanzheng. The poet and Wang Yan actively planned to march into Chang'an. They once forcibly crossed the Weishui River and had an encounter with the Jin soldiers at Dashan Pass. The next sentence refers to this. The glorious past summarized in these two sentences is in sharp contrast to the present situation where he is determined to kill the thief but unable to save himself.
3. After blocking the Great Wall, I promised myself that my temples were already faded in the mirror.
"Cover the Great Wall" is a sentence used by poets (Mingzhi). Tan Daoji, a famous general in the Liu Song Dynasty during the Southern Dynasties, once called himself the "Great Wall of Ten Thousand Miles". The emperor wanted to kill him, but he said: (You) destroyed your (your) Great Wall yourself. ?
What is Lu You’s purpose in quoting this classic? Lu You acknowledges this.
You can see his determination to defend the country and show off his power to the border areas.
In terms of expression, this is called using allusions to clarify aspirations.
However, what about now? The poet's anguish of unrealized aspirations hangs in an "empty" word. "The sky is empty" and "the temples are stained". Comparing the two, how sad? The sadness and indignation are vivid on the paper.
4. The first example of a military expedition is truly famous in the world, and who can be compared in a thousand years!
Zhuge Liang said in "The First Military Order": "When you are rewarded, you can lead the three armies and conquer the Central Plains in the north?", this is It was Lu You's lifelong wish;
Zhuge Liang's admonition of "a wise minister, a distant man" was exactly what Lu You thought those in power in the Southern Song Dynasty should learn from.
Zhuge Liang's spirit of "dedicated himself to death" is exactly the spirit that the poet used to encourage himself.
Why do you encourage yourself with this? What does it mean? It shows that he will not give up his ambition to restore the Central Plains until his death.
So the expression method of this sentence is called "Use the code to clarify the will."
Zhuge insisted on the Northern Expedition. Although he died before leaving the army, he was famous all over the world and made the hero burst into tears. After thousands of years, who can be compared with him? It is obvious that the poet used allusions to denounce the mediocre people who were in charge of the government and the public, indicating that his ambition to restore the Central Plains will also be "famous".
3. Research, discussion, and comparative analysis
After clearing the text barrier, we will further understand the two works "Shu Ang" and "Shu Xiang" through comparison.
Find out the similarities and differences between the two poems from the following aspects?
1. Social background: the era of chaos
2. Author’s experience: works in his later years Ambition cannot be reused
? (Creation time, life circumstances)
3. Main images: Zhuge Liang: Du Fu? Loyalty, merit (sigh)
Lu You? Unswerving determination (envy)
? (Zhuge Liang is also used as the main image, what is the difference in the emphasis of the author's description?)
4. Personal emotions: Du Fu? The pain of not being reused (Sadness in ancient times)
(Ambition is hard to achieve) Lu You? Longing for the Northern Expedition to restore the country (to make achievements)
? (Lu You used Zhuge's self-expression, eager to make achievements) Additional note: When this poem was written , Lu You is 61 years old. At this time, he had been out of office for 6 years and was living in hibernation in his hometown with only an empty job. It was not until this poem was written that he was appointed as Quan Zhijunzhoushi (temporarily in charge of local military and civil affairs). Therefore, the content of the poem combines the dual emotions of recalling the past and renewing the oath to serve the country.
Summary:
Expression skills: Du Fu? Blending of scenes
Lu You? Use allusions to express aspirations
Work style: Du Fu? Depressed (deep)
Lu You? (sorrow and anger) tragic
? Therefore, the tone is sad and angry, but not desperate, and contains heroic feelings.
4. Re-read and recite
Writing on the blackboard: Using one’s will to counter one’s will, knowing people and judging the world
Social background: the era of chaos
Author Experience: Work in his later years, ambitious and not allowed to be reused
Main images: Zhuge Liang: Du? Loyalty, merit (sigh)
Lu? Unswerving determination (envy)
Personal emotions: Du? The pain of not being reused (the sadness of ancient times)
(Ambition is hard to achieve) Lu? longs for the Northern Expedition to restore the country (to make contributions)
Expression skills: Du? Scenes Blending
Lu Yongdian Mingzhi
Style of work: Du Mingyu
Lu Lu tragic