Who wrote the poem "In the subway station"?

Appreciation of Pound's "In a Subway Station" Author: Liu read this poem for the first time at 20:25 on Saturday, February 24, 2007, and he will feel dizzy: there are only two poems, which are not very related. Perhaps we should use the words "like", "like" and "like" as the "welding" in the middle to make the meaning coherent and the "language" seamless. I specially checked the English materials and transcribed the original poem as follows: face evaluation in the crowd; Petals on wet black branches. There are only two independent phrases in the original poem and there is no complete subject-predicate-object structure. There is a semicolon in the middle to distinguish it, and there is no connection or word transfer at all. This kind of independent sentence-making has formed a leap in language and poetry, which has led to a leap in appreciation thinking. The "dizziness" caused by the jump here is actually the "inner turmoil" formed by the inadaptability of ordinary people's thinking to the poet's thinking and the challenge of psychological schema to strangeness. Ordinary people's thinking is always linear and gradual; The poet's thinking is mysterious, disorderly and unpredictable, and jumping is an important feature of the poet's thinking. Psychology tells us that the human brain has four functions: feeling (receiving information from outside to inside) → storing (sorting out feelings) → judging (identifying, analyzing and evaluating information) → imagining (creating original information in a new way). Ordinary people's thinking is a complete expression of four processes; However, the poet's thinking omits the intermediate process and only takes the first and second ends, forming a leap in thinking. Of course, the thinking jump here has rich connotations, that is, taking a subway station as an example, I think it includes visualization, fuzziness and affection. 1. Image Pound, starting with image and ending with image, is the representative of modern western imagist poets. His imagism is very prominent in this poem, which is reflected in the combination of simplicity and richness of images. Let's talk about the simplicity of the image first. Face, black branches, petals, nothing more. Unlike other poets who describe image group intensively, it gives people the impression that it is "all images". Let's talk about the richness of images first. One is the image of feeling, or image feeling. Look at these pictures. Some resort to vision, such as faces in the crowd and petals on branches, which are all seen by the eyes. Others turn to touch. "Wet black branches" only vaguely reveal the sense of touch beyond vision, which is a particularly strange feeling. The second is to change the image and generate a virtual image from the real image. "These faces in the crowd" are real images, and "many petals on a black branch" are imaginary images. The former image is ready-made and captured, the latter image is nothing and created, and the latter image is based on the former. The third is to create a prominent image in the background. "People" become the background of "these faces" and "branches" become the background of "petals". Just like western oil paintings, the background is dim, the brushwork is rough and the objects are bright. In a word, this poem is completely imagery, with the first sentence highlighting the image and the last sentence highlighting the image. There is a gap or leap in thinking between the two sentences, which represents two stages of thinking activities. In reality, ordinary people show the transition from things to things, while in Pound's case, they show the process of images, that is, the jumping thinking of image poems. This is pure thinking in images. Second, the ambiguity caused by the heartbeat of the poem is one of the characteristics of modernist poetry, especially in this poem, the image is mysterious and the meaning of the sentence is separated, which adds poetic ambiguity. Not only is the meaning of each poem unclear, but the combination of the two poems has exactly the opposite meaning orientation. What kind of face is it? Appear like a ghost? The translation of "apparate" is very important. This is very strange. The original meaning of hallucination and illusion, as well as the meaning of ghosts and ghosts, is translated into "ghostly appearance" here, which is probably a combination of these two meanings. The question is, what is the poet's intention in describing these faces as ghosts and ghosts? It cannot be understood that in the nation where poets live, ghosts and gods are close to people and bring good luck, but should be understood as the opposite. So, these faces look like ghosts and ghosts. Are they ominous? However, in the second sentence, the crowd is metaphor for wet black branches, and these faces are metaphor for many petals. Among them, the metaphor of petals should be beautiful, bright and kind in all ethnic groups in the world, which seems to be contrary to the metaphor of ghosts and gods. In other words, there will be no doubt when you look at one sentence alone, and there will be doubt when you put two sentences together. If the first sentence is regarded as an interpreted sentence and the second sentence as an interpreted sentence, there will be disharmony between the interpreted and interpreted sentences, which will hinder readers from trying to convey the original intention of the poem and the poet's creative significance. It is the main feature of modernist poetry, especially imagist poetry, and it is also the main reason why this poem is difficult for readers to understand. Third, the mutual reflection of images is meaningful. It stands to reason that there is no poem that can't be solved, but according to the subjective orientation of the interpreter, all the poems solved are magical. However, the interpretation of modernist poetry is really difficult. What the poet reveals may be just the tip of the iceberg, and a lot of meaning is sunk in the black box behind it. The rich connotations under this iceberg include poetic significance, literary significance, aesthetic significance, sociological significance, cultural significance and philosophical significance. It is not as simple and poor as interpreting works from an aesthetic point of view. We assume that there is a gap between the two sentences in this poem and a bridge of meaningful communication, so why should we cross this bridge of communication and reach the other side of meaning? The "true meaning" of modernist poetry is like Kant's so-called "thing itself", hidden behind the phenomenon, mysterious and unknowable. People's feelings can't be reached, and they can only be grasped by imagination and transformed into reading appreciation terms, that is, guessing and reading. Therefore, the following understanding and understanding of poetry are all imaginary and purely subjective, which may not conform to the poet's original intention. Let's grasp the meaning of the poem with the help of the poet's own appearance: 19 13 one day, Pound got off at the Concorde subway station in Paris, and suddenly, "I saw a beautiful face, then a beautiful child's face, then a beautiful woman", and then what? It's a 3 1 line poem, which was condensed into two lines a year later. This material is very important. Let's see how this poem (actually the first poem) came into being. But if it is limited to this, it seems that the excavation of poetry has not been completed. What about the poet's emotional tendency? What is the epochal significance of poetry? We don't know yet, so we find an important feature of this poem: vivid image and obscure feelings. In fact, poetry can't be empty, as Croce said in Italy: "Emotions without images are blind emotions, and images without emotions are empty images." We might as well use our imagination from the correspondence and mutual reflection of the virtual and real images in the poem and trace it back to the deep level of the poem. As mentioned above, the second poem is an interpretation of the first poem, so the feelings and significance implied or caused by the second poem are very important. Petals are a metaphor for a beautiful face, as if China's ancient poems had similar usage; Black branches are a metaphor for the vulgar and ugly figure and face in the crowd. In this way, the poet's love and hate tendencies and likes and dislikes have been hinted. However, we must also rely on our own imagination to dig deeper. It seems that just like a beautiful face appears and flies away like a ghost, the beautiful phenomena in real life and people's beautiful feelings are fleeting. Just as beautiful faces only appear on people who pay attention to them, beauty in real life needs people to discover with appreciation; Just as petals grow on rough and ugly branches, beauty in real life often grows on ugly and evil soil. Beauty and ugliness are in sharp contrast, they are too close to each other and even depend on each other. Just like petals give people a feeling of joy and affinity, wet black branches give people a feeling of nausea and boredom, and modern society gives people a strong sense of shock, which is a great gap between positive and negative. So we say that "a subway station" is a special environment and a microcosm of modern society. It presents all kinds of things in modern society, but it has been purified in the eyes of Pound, a great poet who only saw two words "beauty" and "ugliness". Is this the complex feeling of Pound standing in the endless crowd at the subway station? At least readers guess the feeling of reading by imagination.