Victor hugo (1802- 1885), the author of Notre Dame, is a famous French poet, novelist, literary critic and political commentator in the 9th century. He is also an innovator of poetry, the founder of romantic drama and one of the favorite writers of the French people. Hugo created many works in his life, covering various literary genres, including poetry, drama, novel, literary theory, political theory and so on. The whole work is full of humanitarian passion.
Notre Dame de Paris artistically reproduces the historical truth of how the court and the church colluded to oppress the people and how the people fought bravely with the two forces during the rule of King Louis Xi of France more than 400 years ago. In the novel, the rebellious gypsy girl Esmeralda and the ugly disabled quasimodo are presented to the readers as the embodiment of true beauty, while what people see in the vice bishop Floru and the noble soldier Phobos is cruel, empty mind and sinful lust. The author organically links touching stories with vivid and rich drama scenes, which makes this novel extremely readable. The novel is full of romanticism and uses comparative writing techniques. This is an artistic model using the principle of romantic contrast. The publication of this novel made Hugo's reputation even louder.
65438+10.6 is April Fool's Day in the western language tradition. 1482 On this day, the whole city of Paris was immersed in a happy atmosphere, and people flocked to the old city from all directions. There are a lot of people gathered on the road to the judicial palace. There is a "king of fools" election here. The election rule is that whoever looks the ugliest and laughs the ugliest is expected to be elected.
When everyone took out the lucky king of fools, surprise and appreciation reached the highest point. I saw that he had a tetrahedral nose, a horseshoe-shaped mouth, one-eyed, hunchbacked and lame. His body is about the same height and width, and his lower body is square. His legs look like two sickles from the front, and the handles are connected together. In his deformity, there is an unquestionable firm, serious and brave attitude. He is quasimodo, the bell ringer of Notre Dame. People put a crown on him, put on a cassock made of cardboard, and carried him to Griff Square in a sedan chair with pictures.
In Greive Square, Esmeralda, a gypsy girl who makes a living as an entertainer, attracted many onlookers with her wonderful performance of Gary the Lamb, winning applause and cheers from time to time. Esmeralda danced on the Persian carpet laid casually at her feet. She was light, elegant and happy, and all the onlookers stared at her with their mouths wide open, fascinated by the magnificent scenery in front of them. In the dense crowd, there is an inconspicuous but unusual middle-aged man. His greedy eyes stared straight at Esmeralda, but his mouth was casting a cold spell that almost no one could hear. That look is really scary. This man is Cogged Floru, Vice Bishop of Notre Dame.
Floru has always been abstinent, avoiding all worldly pleasures. But when I saw Esmeralda dancing tonight, I was immediately fascinated by her incomparable beauty. Lust lurking in his body suddenly woke up like a beast that had been sleeping for many years, completely losing self-control. Although he knows that if he doesn't restrain himself, he will fall into an extremely terrible abyss, but his desire seems irresistible. He clearly saw that he had two choices: to possess her at all costs, or to kill her for the peace of soul. At this point, the first option has the upper hand.
In the Dutch tower in the corner of the square, Judith, a monk, is calling Esmeralda away in a pious and hateful voice, because her daughter was taken away by gypsies 15 years ago. Esmeralda was deeply shocked and disturbed by the curses of the archdeacon and the friar.
When the members of Friends of Fools carried quasimodo to the square, the square suddenly became a new hot spot. Fools stopped the crowds from trying to protect their king of fools, but when the victorious quasimodo saw flo· Lu, he was as meek as a lamb. It turns out that quasimodo, a deformed child, was abandoned in front of Notre Dame de Paris 16 years ago. The vice bishop adopted him out of sympathy and named him quasimodo. Quasimodo was ashamed and sensible, grateful to Lord Floru, and obedient.
In the evening, the climax of the April Fool's Day Gala has passed, and people gradually dispersed. Esmeralda left the festival square with her beloved little goat and went to the alley next to the square. Quasimodo, instructed by Floru, intends to hijack Esmeralda. Esmeralda struggled and shouted for help. Just then, the king's bodyguard, the captain of the bow and arrow team, led the soldiers to pass by nearby, arrived at the news, rescued Esmeralda and captured quasimodo. Esmeralda was moved by Forbes' handsome appearance and kindness to save her. After asking the young officer's name, he quickly ran back to the "miracle dynasty", where vagrants and beggars gathered.
"Miracle Dynasty" is a very large square, inhabited by the lower classes, including French, Spanish, Italian and German. They have different religious beliefs. They are beggars by day and thieves by night. This is a fantastic world, a poetic kingdom of hell. Esmeralda has a lot of magic here. When she came back, beggars and beggars lined up gently, and their fierce faces lit up at the sight of her. At this time, Clopin, the beggar king of this dynasty, was interrogating the poor poet Gan Guo Wa who had strayed here by mistake. According to the "Dynasty" law, Gan Guo Wa will be hanged unless someone is willing to marry him. A minute passed, and Gan Guo's life was in danger. The kind and beautiful Esmeralda unexpectedly stood up and announced that she was willing to marry this man, thus saving Gan Guo from death.
The next day, a makeshift scaffold was set up in Gulliver Square. Quasimodo, the king of fools yesterday, was flogged on his knees today. Floro passed by here and witnessed this scene. Of course, he knew why quasimodo had fallen to this point, but in order to preserve his identity, he was indifferent and let it go. Kasimo was delighted to see Floru in the crowd, but his adoptive father escaped his eyes in a hurry. More than an hour passed, and quasimodo was thirsty. He shouted angrily, "Give me water to drink!" Onlookers are not only ignored, but also ridiculed and cursed.
Notre Dame de Paris —— Symphony of Destiny with Anger and Tragedy
Notre Dame de Paris was written by victor hugo (1802- 1885), translated by Professor Guan Zhenhu, one of the six great French translators, and published by Shanghai Translation Publishing House. First published in March, 1865, there are many popular books, deluxe books and student books. 199 1 year was listed as one of the "required books" by the Ministry of Education of China. Domestic and international sales exceeded 330,000 copies. It is not only the first new translation published after liberation, but also one of the best-selling translations.
abstract
From 65438 to 0482 in Paris, Notre Dame lived with a master and a servant: Claude, a respectable priest, and quasimodo, a freak who rang the bell; Claude, who is actually evil at heart, has a passion for Esmeralda, a gypsy girl dancing in the street. In the evening, he sent quasimodo to kidnap the girl and was rescued by the handsome young guard captain Fubis. The girl fell in love with Fubis, and the jealous assistant priest stabbed the officer during their tryst, but blamed Esmeralda. She was sentenced to death, rescued by quasimodo who secretly loved her, and took refuge in Notre Dame. But Claude incited the church to regard her as a witch, and the court decided to arrest her regardless of Notre Dame's right of asylum in the holy land. Men from the lower classes in Paris came to rescue the girl, but the bell ringer mistakenly thought that she was coming to arrest the officers and men of Esmeralda and tried to resist. King Louis Xi sent troops to attack Notre Dame and attacked her from top to bottom. In a scuffle, Claude kidnapped the girl from Notre Dame and bullied her to satisfy her animal desires. After being rejected, she handed her over to the officers and soldiers and squatted on the top of the Notre Dame bell tower to watch her hanged. Quasimodo felt indignant and angry. A few years later, people found the bones of a man and a woman in a cellar. Quasimodo hugged a gypsy girl!
Fate, fate, fate!
1830, 28-year-old victor hugo began to write Notre Dame, one of his trilogy of fate (the other two are Les Miserables (known as the fate of law) and Maritime Labor (the fate of things). Such a magnificent masterpiece was completed in only 150 days in the second year. From the study of ancient Greek tragedies, we can divide the fate mentioned by Hugo's predecessors into three categories: one is accidental misfortune, the other is man's self-division and its unfortunate solution, and the third is the irreconcilable conflict between man and society or nature. Of course, an important aspect of the fate described in Notre Dame de Paris is that the priest Claude is obscene, apostate, does not believe in the teachings of God, believes in alchemy, and is dominated by lust, which eventually leads to the destruction of himself and those he loves and does not love-this is one of the tragedies. Quasimodo, the bell ringer, was born deformed, especially because he was blind and deaf. He stopped the righteous man who tried to rescue Esmeralda from attacking Notre Dame in the vestibule square, and was finally attacked by the army sent by him and the king, and captured the gypsy woman, which represented the rare justice force in the dark Middle Ages-all the untouchables in the lower class were eliminated. This is another tragedy. Innocent dancers are not only one of the poor people devastated by the ignorant and dark forces that have ruled Europe for thousands of years, but also their lovely images. No matter how she defends herself, no matter how people try their best to help out of indignation, they still can't escape the fate of being hanged-this is the third tragedy. These are the tragic results of the three opportunities or dynamics of the above tragic fate. Notre Dame de Paris depicts a tragic fate that almost all ordinary people in the dark ages can't escape with touching brushstrokes. King Louis Xi is hidden behind the heavy curtain, but he is the chief culprit of the bloody massacre that Hugo took out for public display! The innocent people devastated by the dark forces he represents are the real protagonists of this tragedy. However, Hugo, the great humanist, still requires us to believe that "life is to look forward with head held high". When we shed tears, we should "open our eyes and see the bright morning star" like Hugo. Yes, we should always be optimistic: "Believe in sunlight, believe in light, and believe in happiness". This poem sung by Hugo inspires people to resist oppression, break through the night, forge ahead bravely and spread his humanitarian voice to mankind. From the age of 30, he entered a period of higher and more prosperous romantic creation in France and even Europe.
Notre Dame de Paris, with its immortal wisdom, has been silently watching the rolling river and all beings for more than 800 years, and is a witness to many human tragedies and comedies! In Hugo's novels, it seems to have the breath of life, sheltered Esmeralda, confirmed Claude's crime, lamented the heroic sacrifice of heroes who tried to resist the dark rule, and praised quasimodo's "insignificant dust mustard" for trampling all wolves, tigers, leopards and all executioners. It even merged with quasimodo. quasimodo was not only the master of the deformed man's soul, but also the support of his strange body. Under Hugo's brilliant pen, it came to life, and at the same time, it added the brilliance of great writers with the engraving, description and performance of his symphony of destiny. The beautiful Notre Dame de Paris is a gem of Gothic architecture. Hugo had a strong interest in architectural art, especially Gothic architectural art, as early as his youth. In his youth, he prepared for at least three years and became familiar with medieval French society, especially Notre Dame. At the same time, I extensively read relevant materials and mastered all the mysteries of the buildings that the French are proud of, which is convenient for 6438+00. Hiding in the dark corner of one of the two towering bell towers, he found such a hand-carved Greek character on the wall: fate! It is said that the dark forces dominate the fate of mankind, but in fact it dominates everyone in that ignorant era, that is, the devil. Its ubiquitous fatalism deeply touched the author. Indeed, Notre Dame de Paris was written to describe the word "destiny". Hugo, the great humanist, explored the true meaning of fate. Both Claude and quasimodo are, in the final analysis, social people. Their inner division and conflict reflect the division and conflict between theocracy and human rights, ignorance and knowledge, huge and heavy dark system and struggling and fragile individuals, which finally leads to the tragic ending of all the characters in the tragedy. The fate we see in this masterpiece is to exert its sweeping power in a specific environment, that is, the medieval French capital, a society full of ignorance, superstition and barbaric rule. Notre Dame de Paris, as a masterpiece of romanticism, is precisely because the author strives to conform to the primitive nature and depicts the real life of medieval French society. In the form of superb techniques and romanticism, it is condensed and refined in this masterpiece, showing their distinctive characteristics and rich implications, and winning another victory for romanticism to break the rigid shackles of classicism after Ainani. This is an angry and tragic symphony of destiny!
Notre Dame de Paris is Hugo's first large-scale romantic novel. Centered on Mera, Claude frollo and quasimodo and their relationship, the work embodies Hugo's view of good, evil, beauty and ugliness, and mercilessly exposes the evils of the Catholic Church and feudal rule.
1482 65438+1October 6th. Paris is crowded with people, and the citizens are immersed in the joy of April Fool's Day and Epiphany Day. At this time, in Greive Square in front of Notre Dame, a beautiful gypsy woman Ais Melar brought a lamb who could acrobatic. The wonderful performance and beautiful dance won warm applause from the audience, but it caused anxiety of Claude frollo, the vice bishop of Notre Dame Church, because Esmeral's beauty and beautiful dance disturbed his always calm heart and made him inadvertently sprout a complex psychology of possessing her and hating her guts. That night, he ordered the church bell ringer and ugly quasimodo to hijack Ais Melar in the street. But the girl was rescued by the patrolling archery team captain Faybis, and she fell in love with this frivolous officer. The next day, quasimodo, the bell ringer, was tied up in greifer Square. Under the scorching sun, he was whipped, thirsty and crying for water. What he answered was ridicule, scolding and throwing stones and rags. Although the archdeacon was present, he avoided him at a distance. But at this moment, the girl raised the pitcher, parted the crowd, stepped onto the scaffold, and delivered the clear water to quasimodo's mouth, which made the ugly man very moved. Tears welled up in his dry eyes for the first time.
Ever since she was rescued by the captain of the bow and arrow, Amera has been infatuated with this handsome young officer. When Faybis had a tryst with Ace Melar, Claude frollo was filled with jealousy when he learned about it. Just as the couple poured out their hearts, he stabbed Faybis to death with a dagger and framed the girl, so Ace Mera was sentenced to death. On the day of execution, out of gratitude to Esther Melar, quasimodo rescued her from the execution ground, hid her in Notre Dame, and took good care of and protected her, which made the vice bishop's attempts to the girl fail several times. Notre Dame de Paris is a "holy land" that is not governed by law. The church and the royal family were very angry about this. Soon, the church set off religious fanaticism, threatening gypsy girls as witches and desecrating holy places. The court also decided to arrest the girl regardless of the right of asylum in the holy land. At this time, beggars and vagrants in the lower classes of Paris heard the news and rushed to attack Notre Dame, ready to rescue the girl. In the scuffle, Claude snatched Esther Mera from Notre Dame, forced her to submit to him again, and expressed her passionate love. But the girl resolutely refused. In a rage, the vice bishop handed the girl over to the officers and men who were chasing her. Almeida was hanged. Upstairs in Notre Dame, the vice bishop gave a ferocious laugh. At this point, quasimodo, who lost his love for Melar, was so angry that he pushed the vice bishop down a tall building and fell to his death. The next day, quasimodo disappeared. Two years later, two bones of a man and a woman were found in Mengfu cemetery. Strangely, they embraced each other, and when they separated, their bones turned to ashes.