"Huanxi Sand"
Author: Su Shi
Original text:
Jujube flowers fall on the rustling clothes and towels, and the winding wheel rings in the south of the village and in the north of the village ,
Niuyi Guliu sells cucumbers.
I feel sleepy when I'm tired of drinking, and I want to sleep when I'm thirsty.
Knock on the door and ask the savages.
Notes:
1. Xumen: Xuzhou.
2. Xie Yu: Thank God after the rain.
3. Susu: the appearance of falling flowers, also known as "甔蔔", with the same pronunciation and meaning.
4. Reeling wheel: spinning wheel. Reeling, making a "reeling", soaks the silkworm cocoon in hot water and pulls out the silk.
5. Cow clothes: coir raincoats and the like. This generally refers to clothes made of burlap. "Han Shu." "Shi Huo Zhi" has the words "poor people often wear the clothes of cattle and horses".
6. Mansi Tea: I want to find some tea wherever I want. Romantic, casual, one word is "詩".
Poetry:
Jujube flowers fall on the skirts of clothes one after another.
The sound of silk reeling could be heard in the south of the village and in the north of the village.
Under the ancient willow tree, a farmer in cow clothes was selling cucumbers.
The journey is far away, the drunkenness is on my mind, and I feel dizzy and just want to take a nap.
The sun is shining brightly, but I am unbearably thirsty.
I want to find some water anywhere.
So I knocked on the door of a villager’s house and asked: Can I give you a bowl of tea?
Appreciation:
The poem "Huanxisha" was written by Su Shi when he was 43 years old when he was the prefect of Xuzhou. In the spring of 1078 AD (the first year of Yuanfeng), a severe drought occurred in Xuzhou. As a local official, Su Shi once led his people to a stone pond twenty miles east of the city to pray for rain. After it rained, he went to Shitan with the people to thank him for the rain. Su Shi wrote the composition "Huanxi Sand" on his way to Xie Yu in Shitan, Xumen. This is the fourth of five poems. The work describes his experiences and feelings in the countryside. It is artistically ingenious. The words start from typical things commonly seen in rural areas, and express the honest rural flavor in an interesting way. Fresh and simple, clear as words, vivid and true to life, are the distinctive features of this word. The first part of this poem describes the scenery, and the second part is lyrical. It should be pointed out that the scene described in this poem is not a unified picture formed through visual images in general, but a scene reflected on the screen of the poet's consciousness through various different sounds transmitted to the ear drum. A series of memories.
This poem was written by Su Shi when he was an official in Xuzhou (in today's Jiangsu Province). According to the superstitious customs at that time, a local official who was concerned about farming would ask the "Dragon Lord" for rain when there was a severe drought; when it rained, he would also thank the "Dragon Lord" for the rain. This poem is one of the things Su Shi recorded when he passed through the countryside to thank Yu.
"The rustling of clothes and towels with the date blossoms falling off them", according to the literal meaning, should have been "the rustling of the clothes and towels with the date blossoms falling off them". When ancient people wrote poetry, they often adjusted the order of sentence components according to the needs of meter and rhetoric, as is the case here. "簌簌[sù]" describes the way the jujube flowers fall one after another. "Yijie" refers to clothes and headscarves. In ancient clothing, men often wore headscarves. Jujube trees bloom small yellow-green flowers in early summer. The author did not see the falling jujube flowers from the side, but walked under the jujube tree or stood under the jujube tree so that the jujube flowers could fall on the clothes and towels. Next, "the sound of reeling in the south of the village and the north of the village". "缩[sāo]车", a hand-operated tool for extracting silk. The sound of silk reeling was heard from the south end to the north end of the village. It turned out that the silkworm farmers were working nervously. Here, there are jujube flowers scattered, there are winding cars singing, and under the ancient willow trees on the roadside, there is also a farmer wearing an ox jacket selling cucumbers. "Cow clothing" is a kind of fabric made of hemp or grass and used to cover the body of cattle. Here it refers to things like coir raincoat. There are three sentences in the film, each of which describes an aspect of the scenery. This time Su Shi came to the countryside by chance and sensitively captured these characteristics, especially things with seasonal characteristics such as jujube flowers, silk reeling, and cucumbers, and sketched them. With just a few strokes, a custom painting of a rural area in early summer was painted.
This poem not only describes the scenery, but also remembers the events. In the next film, it turns into the writer's own activities. At this time, he was already "drunk but sleepy after a long journey". "Drunk from alcohol" means sleepiness after drinking, indicating that he drank before going on the road. "The road is long", it seems, has traveled a long distance, but is still far away from the destination. "Wei", only. This sentence expresses the sleepiness of his journey. "People in Rigao are thirsty and think about tea." "Sun high" means the sun has risen very high. While driving under the early summer sun, I felt hot and thirsty, and I couldn't help but want to drink a cup of tea to soothe my throat and quench my thirst. "Man" here means can't help it. If you are thirsty, you need tea; if you are sleepy, you probably want tea to relieve your sleepiness. So he "knocked on the door and asked the savages." "Savage family" refers to rural people, that is, ordinary people in the countryside. Su Shi was the chief executive of a state at the time. He called local farmers "savage families" in his writings, which was just out of his official tone. But the word "question" shows that he has no official air. He did not order his attendants to ask for it, but he himself knocked on the door of a common man's house and politely discussed with them: "Fellow, can you give me some tea to quench my thirst?"
In this way, with a few simple sentences, he not only painted a picture of a rural area full of life, but also recorded an experience of knocking on the door of a fellow villager to ask for tea. It's something that I can't get into, so I feel fresh and interesting.
(www.lz13.cn) This poem seems to be written casually, but in fact the words are vivid and expressive, giving this short poem a narrative style an artistic life. This is the "inexhaustible meaning, seen beyond the words" that is emphasized in classical poetry. Why does the author want to "knock on the door and ask questions"? 1. He is a good parent official who cares about the people and loves them as his own son. He is modest and polite and will not rush into the farmhouse. 2. He just asked for rain after the drought. The owner may be out farming in the fields and not at home, so he wants to test it out. Is there anyone at home?
The sentence "Jujube flowers rustling on clothes and towels fall off" in the poem "Huanxisha" is actually the reverse text of "Jujube flowers rustling on clothes and towels fall off"; in Du Fu's poem "Autumn Xing" there is "Fragrant rice" The original meaning is: Parrots peck at the remaining fragrant rice grains, and the phoenix perches on the old phoenix branches. While the subject and object are inverted, the objects "fragrant rice grains" and "biwu branches" are also split into the positions of the subject and the guest. Regarding the inversion of verses in classical poetry, Hong Liangji of the Qing Dynasty said: "Poets often use inversion to find it strange and vivid."
The whole poem of "Huanxisha" contains scenery and people, tangible and colorful, and has a strong local flavor. The sun is high, the road is long, the person is drunk, and the person is thirsty. It literally represents the fatigue of the journey, but it still conveys joy and joy, and conveys the spirit of the protagonist, the county magistrate, who is considerate of the people. This poem not only paints a realistic picture of rural life in early summer, but also records the author's experiences and feelings during the journey, opening up a new world for the social content of Northern Song Dynasty poems.