that parents can do their best.
From The Analects of Confucius Learning and Articles
Original text:
Zi Xia said, "Virtuous men change their colors; Parents can do their best; Being a gentleman can lead to his body; Make friends and keep your word. Although I have not learned, I will call it learning. "
Translation:
Zi Xia said: "One can value virtue rather than women's beauty; Serve your parents and do your best; Serve the monarch and be able to give his life; Communicate with friends, speak honestly and keep your credit. Such a person, although he himself said that he has not studied, I must say that he has studied. "
Note:
Zixia: surnamed Bu, a famous businessman, Zi Zixia, a student of Confucius, 44 years younger than Confucius, was born in 57 BC. After Confucius died, he publicized Confucius' ideas in Wei State.
xian xian: the first word "xian" is used as a verb to show respect. To be virtuous means to respect the virtuous.
yi: there are two explanations; First, the meaning of change, this sentence is to respect the sage and change the lust; The second is the meaning of contempt, that is, to value virtue and despise women.
to the body: to, which means "give" and "try your best". This means giving your life to the monarch.
Comment:
In the previous chapter, there was a sentence "If you have spare capacity, you should learn from literature". What Zi Xia said in this chapter is actually a further development of the previous chapter. Zi Xia believes that whether a person has knowledge or not depends mainly on his cultural knowledge, but on whether he can practice traditional ethics such as filial piety, loyalty and faithfulness. As long as he has achieved the latter points, even if he says he has never studied, he is already a man of moral cultivation. Therefore, by reading and analyzing this chapter in connection with the previous chapter, we can see the basic characteristics that Confucius education focuses on virtue.
Resources
Ancient Poetry Network: gushiwen/ 2. Inheriting traditional culture, do you want to learn classical Chinese
If you want to learn, you don't have to learn blindly. Classical Chinese is the essence of Chinese. Classical Chinese is poetic and contains rich and colorful emotional content and patriotic poems. At the same time, classical Chinese records many historical stories, and only by learning classical Chinese can we see traditional history well. Learn from the past and use it today, and take its essence.
historically, people from generation to generation have made efforts to preserve traditional culture. Learning classical Chinese is a manifestation of inheriting traditional culture and enriching our cultural knowledge.
In terms of learning, we accept classical Chinese and recite ancient poems to learn the traditional culture of ancient people. In studying history, I also studied traditional culture. From the learning level, learning traditional culture is an indispensable part. I think that learning traditional culture is something that every Chinese son and daughter must do. Our ancestors worked hard to spread these ancient cultures from generation to generation. Every time we see the crystallization of these cultures, we are bound to think of the ethos of that era and the strong customs of that era. 3. What traditional cultures are there in China? Write 1
A list of China traditional cultures: a brief introduction to benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faithfulness, loyalty, filial piety, filial piety, restraint, forgiveness, courage and tolerance; Qinqi calligraphy and painting, 36 lines, four inventions, folk taboos, loyalty to the country, natural health, bamboo, folk songs, loess, Yangtze River, Yellow River, red and moon.
Chinese zodiac signs: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, chicken, dog and pig. Peasant uprising; Palace government, palace culture, imperial studies.
hundred schools of thought 1. Taoism (Laozi, Zhuangzi, Liezi; Thought: morality, inaction, freedom; South China Classic, Tao Te Ching and Guan Zi 2. Confucianism (Confucius, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi; Thought: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith; Four Books: The Doctrine of the Mean, The University, Mencius and The Analects of Confucius) 3. Legalists (Li Kui, Han Fei, Li Si and Han Feizi) Thought: Monarchical centralization, Rule of law) 4. Mohist school (Mozi, Mozi, thought: universal love, non-attack, virtuous, frugal) 5. Famous artists (Deng Xi, Hui Shi, Gong Sunlong, Huan Tuan's Gong Sunlong Zi) 6. Yin and Yang family (Zou Yan, Wuxing, Jin Mu fire and water) 7. Strategists (Guiguzi,) ) 11. Physicians (Bian Que, Chunyu Yi, Zhang Zhongjing, Hua Tuo, Sun Simiao, Bing Wang, Zhang Congzheng, Zhu Zhenheng, Li Shizhen, Zhang Jingyue) played chess and painted flutes, erhu, guzheng, flute, drum, guqin and pipa.
Ten famous songs (Running Water in the Mountains, Guangling San, Wild Goose in Pingsha, Three Alleys of Plum Blossoms, House of Flying Daggers, Sunset Flute and Drum, Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, Autumn Moon in the Han Palace, Snow in the Spring, and Questions and Answers of Yuqiao); China chess, China Go, chess, chess pieces, chessboard; China's calligraphy, seal cutting, Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink, inkstone, rice paper), woodcut watermark, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Zhong Dingwen, bamboo slips of Han Dynasty, vertical line-bound books; Chinese painting, landscape painting, freehand brushwork; Dunhuang murals; Eight Horses, Tai Chi (Tai Chi). Traditional literature mainly refers to poetry, music and fu.
The Book of Songs, Han Yuefu and Sun Tzu's Art of War; Pre-Qin poetry, Han Fu, Tang poetry, Song ci, Yuan Qu, Ming and Qing novels, Four Great Classical Novels (The Journey to the West's Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin), Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, etc. Traditional Festivals There are various traditional festivals in China, and many things have various manners and customs.
There are nearly 5 traditional festivals of the Han nationality. The following are 15 major festivals: Spring Festival, Shangyuan Festival (Lantern Festival), Flower Festival (Hundred Flowers Birthday), Shangsi Festival (March 3rd), Cold Food Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Chinese Valentine's Day, Zhongyuan Festival (Ghost Festival), Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Winter Solstice Festival, Laba Festival, Kitchen Sacrifice Day (off-year) and New Year's Eve.
every place has its own local and ethnic characteristics. China plays Beijing Opera, Yue Opera, Shaanxi Opera, Chaozhou Opera, Kunqu Opera, xiang opera Opera, Henan Opera, Quju Opera [1], Errenzhuan, Hebei Bangzi, Shadow Play, Sichuan Opera, Huangmei Opera, Cantonese Opera, Huagu Opera, Baling Opera, Puppet Opera, Facebook, Liyuan Opera and Taiwanese Opera.
Chinese characters in pavilions, archways, gardens and monasteries, bell towers and temples, pavilions and houses in China are one of the four most self-derived characters in the world (the other three are Egyptian sacred script, Sumerian cuneiform and Mayan script), and the only one is still full of vitality and timeless. As an outstanding representative of ideographic (morpheme) characters, Chinese characters dominate half the world's written world (the other half are all kinds of letters and phonography).
Chinese characters and their recorded Chinese are exquisite, and their artistry is the highest among characters. It has produced the only art in the world, such as classical metrical poems, couplets, crossword puzzles, and divination.
Few Chinese characters can become an art, and none can reach the height of Chinese calligraphy. Inscriptions, seal cutting, plaques, couplets, scales and fans are all exquisite.
Every stroke of Chinese characters reflects the wisdom of our ancestors and their understanding of the world. The so-called China's philosophy is vividly reflected in the construction of Chinese characters.
from the Spring Festival couplets and the inverted word "Fu" to the calligraphy and painting of "Lucky Fortune" and "Fu Lushou", as well as the flaming word "Xi" in the bridal chamber and the solemn word "Li" in front of the mourning hall, Chinese characters are living folk customs and cultures. Chinese characters have maintained the unity of China for thousands of years.
Kyushu, the four seas, the ancients and modern people use the same Chinese characters, so there is no obstacle to communication. Today, people can still read Qin bamboo slips, Han silks, Tang steles and Song stickers, which is a unique miracle among all civilizations in the world.
couplets, riddles (riddles), two-part allegorical sayings, idioms, shots, wine orders, doggerels, etc ... Traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, Huangdi Neijing, Acupuncture A-B Classic, Pulse Classic, Compendium of Materia Medica, Qianjinfang, Shennong Herbal Classic, and Miscellaneous Treatise on Febrile Diseases. Face and other folk crafts such as Chaozhou embroidery, paper-cutting, kites, China embroidery (embroidery, etc.), Chinese knots, clay figurines, dough figurines, patterns (gluttonous patterns, ruyi patterns, thunder patterns, palindromes, Ba patterns, Xiangyun), phoenix eye, Melaleuca, eaves, vulture Chinese martial arts Tai Ji Chuan, Wing Chun Boxing, Shaolin, Wudang. Northwest China, Guilin landscape, the ends of the earth, the Central Plains culture, Baling culture ... Folk customs and etiquette, marriage (matchmaker, old lady, dowry, bridal chamber), funeral (mourning clothes, paper money, the first seven), sacrifice (ancestors of heaven and earth); Door gods, New Year pictures, firecrackers, glutinous rice balls, jiaozi. Dress-Dress Dress-Dress of the Han nationality began in Huangdi and was prepared in Yaoshun. Different dynasties have different shapes. In China, there are also Chinese tunic suit, Tang suit, cheongsam, ethnic minority costumes, various traditional and modern accessories, shoes, hats and so on, which were born under the influence of other national cultures.
The four major operas are flowers, birds, fish, insects, animals and plants: dragon, phoenix, unicorn, tiger, leopard, crane, turtle and giant panda. ; Ten famous orchids, plum blossom, peony, lotus, chrysanthemum, rose, osmanthus, azalea, daffodil and camellia.
Longsheng has nine sons: prison cow, yazi, chifeng, bulong, armadillo, armadillo, kiss, gluttony, pepper map, and centipede. Antique jade (Yu Pei, jade. 4. What are the traditional Chinese cultures?
Literature, music, dance, fine arts, architecture, sculpture, etc. For a long time, due to the vague understanding of Chinese traditional culture, many people regard tradition as classical Chinese itself, thinking that the ancient costumes, utensils, rituals, buildings, etc. are traditions, which are just the carriers of traditional culture. The real essence of traditional culture is the world view of harmony between man and nature and the life values of returning to nature.
without these connotations, anyone who talks about "tradition" in any name is nothing more than a harmful product of mixing fake wine in Moutai bottles or even industrial alcohol with water. At first glance, it seems to smell like alcohol, but in fact, it is completely taking advantage of people's love for tradition and infiltrating their private interests. What's more, clothes are regarded as the essence and form as the destination, so the more lively the so-called practice of reviving culture is, the farther people may be from the traditional spirit.
The true Chinese traditional spirit is directly related to people's consciousness, and it is a vivid life guidance and ideology, not an idol or something for decoration that is detached from life. Confucius said: "Tao can't be separated for a moment, but it can be separated from non-Tao."
If a person who talks about tradition doesn't have traditional thoughts and traditional moral behaviors, then the tradition he talks about is just a Zhang Huali's cover to cover up his purpose. Traditional culture is to study "Tao" and return to "truth".
in addition to the technical inheritance and development system of the prosperity of secular life, traditional culture has a very rich carrier of literature, music, dance, art, architecture, sculpture and so on, but the carrier itself is not the soul and foundation of tradition. Confucius once reasoned about archery, saying, "You can't shoot the main skin, because your strength is different, and it's scientific and ancient."
where is archery to judge a person's shooting skill according to the depth of the arrow embedded in the target? "Shooting seems to be a gentleman, but it's not right, but it's against itself", which is a training method used by Dacheng Confucianism to cultivate their own moral character, meaning that if there is a problem, they should find their own shortcomings in turn in order to improve. This is true of archery, and so is it for farmers to grow crops. For example, Taoism, Legalism, Yin and Yang, etc., have different levels, and their core purpose is all derived from the universal truth and rules they know.
Therefore, Confucius further extended that all disciplines are also the way to realize life handed down from ancient sages. This is the essence.
The main carrier of traditional culture: ancient books are mostly written in classical Chinese. In fact, this classical Chinese is a written language that China people should be very proud of, and its generalization and expression are amazing.
For example, a song "a night-mooring near maple bridge" has 28 words, but the historical vicissitudes and the understanding of human life contained in it may not be fully explained in a novel with a million words. A few minutes of drama on the stage can make people understand the situation of the world for thousands of years.
The expressive power of classical Chinese is a great treasure of mankind. However, since modern times, vernacular Chinese has become the main language expression, which has artificially created a cultural fault and gap. The main reason is that the teaching of vernacular Chinese has made China generations no longer understand the profound traditional civilization connotation left by their ancestors, and textual research on ancient books has become a matter for professionals and taken in a brutal way. However, they dare not study the true essence of practical application and the unity of heaven and man, so they turn the traditional research into a pile of old papers and vulgarization. The so-called "tradition" chewed by them with low concepts and fear has been changed beyond recognition, which makes people mistakenly think that tradition is useless and everything is based on the west, thus cutting the Chinese god to spread civilization and making our national moral level plummet. Then, to restore traditional culture is to revive the essence and essence of culture seeking Tao, and then get the divine resurrection in the depths of one's life through Ming Dow, and return to the original.
In terms of traditional Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism (Christianity and Catholicism), there are different forms and costumes, and the purpose is the same. Different awakens just tell you how to get rid of people's persistence in ignorance and greed in utility, and achieve improvement through self-cultivation, so as to make yourself enlightened and enlightened, and finally become a spiritual self-contained realm of life.
Of course, their respective systems have their own special existence and expression, and they are also inseparable. In many monasteries, it can be seen that "you have to stand firm before you can enter the only way", that is, choose the right path and follow it according to the teachings, and you can't "have two or three virtues".
only in this way can we succeed one day. Confucianism: "The way of university (the knowledge of great success in life) is to be clear in virtue, to be close to the people, and to stop at perfection."
Method: Be sincere, cultivate one's morality, rule the country and level the world. Knowledge lies in things.
if you want to be sincere, you should first know what it means. If you know it, you will know the original power of life, which is not known by books. Covering the air, sunshine, mountains, rivers and clouds, it is selfless and beautiful, but if you use it to cultivate your mind, you will gain true knowledge.
this is a matter of knowledge. The psychological method requires filial piety, benevolence, courtesy, wisdom and belief in the doctrine of the mean.
Buddhists: Sakyamuni Buddha stresses caution and wisdom. That is to say, reading Amitabha from the pure land, without the effort of abstaining from wisdom and practicing, will actually have no effect at all.
Whatever Buddhism is, no matter how many teachings it has derived, it is necessary to follow the precepts and wisdom, even though the methods are different. Of course, Buddha Sakyamuni said that Tathagata is constant.