Hugo's introduction

Introduction to Hugo

Victor hugo is the leader of the French Romantic Movement and one of the greatest writers in the history of French literature. His life almost spanned the whole19th century, and his literary career lasted for 60 years, with enduring creation. His romanticism

The novel is wonderful and moving, vigorous and powerful, and has permanent charm for readers.

Hugo 1802 was born in Shaoshangsong City in the south of France. My grandfather is a carpenter, and my father is an officer in the China army. He was awarded the rank of general by Joseph Bonaparte, the brother of King Napoleon of Spain, and was a close friend of the king.

Hugo was brilliant and began to write poems at the age of 9. /kloc-Reading Music written at the age of 0/5 won the French Academy Award; At the age of 20, the King of Louis Stanislas Xavier gave him an annuity to publish a collection of poems, Odes and Miscellaneous Poems.

1827, Hugo published the play Cromwell and its preface. Although the script failed to perform, the preface is

It is regarded as a declaration of French romanticism and an epoch-making document in the history of literature. It greatly promoted the development of French romantic literature.

From 65438 to 0830, Hugo's play Onani was staged in the Grand Theatre of the French Academy, which had a great influence and established the leading position of romanticism in French literature.

Onani tells the story of a robber from Spain, Onani, who rebelled against the king in the16th century. Hugo praised the robber's chivalry and aristocratic temperament, showing a strong anti-feudal tendency.

1830 In July, the "July Revolution" occurred in France, and the feudal restoration dynasty was overthrown. Hugo enthusiastically praised the revolution, the revolutionaries, and wrote poems to mourn the heroes who died in the street fighting.

Notre Dame de Paris, published in 183 1, is Hugo's most romantic novel. The plot of this novel is fantastic.

This tension is vivid, unpredictable, dramatic and legendary.

The story happened in the Middle Ages. On April Fool's Day, wandering gypsy artists performed songs and dances in the square. A gypsy girl named Esmeralda attracted passers-by. She dances beautifully.

At this moment, Claude frollo, the vice bishop of Notre Dame, suddenly fell in love with the beautiful Melada. His heart was burning with the fire of desire and he fell madly in love with her. So he ordered the church bell ringer, and ugly quasimodo took Esmeralda away. As a result, Fabi, the captain of the French king's bow and arrow, saved Esmeralda and captured quasimodo. He took the bell ringer to the square and whipped him, but the kind gypsy girl gave quasimodo water to drink.

The bell ringer is ugly in appearance, but pure and noble in heart. He was very grateful to Esmeralda and fell in love with her. Naive Esmeralda fell in love with Fabi at first sight. When they were dating, frollo followed them quietly. Out of jealousy, he stabbed Fabi with a knife and ran away. Hermes Rada was sentenced to death for murder. Quasimodo took Esmeralda out from under the gallows and hid it in Notre Dame. Frollo took the opportunity to threaten gypsy girls to satisfy his lust. After being rejected, he handed her over to the king's army and the innocent girl was hanged. Quasimodo angrily pushed frollo out of the church and died. He hugged Esmeralda's body and died.

The novel shows Hugo's strong hatred for the feudal government and the church, and also reflects his deep sympathy for the lower classes.

After the "July Revolution", France established the "July" ruled by the big bourgeoisie headed by the financier Louis Philippe.

Dynasty. "The July dynasty has been wooing Hugo. 184 1 year, Hugo was elected to the French Academy. 1845, Louis Philippe made him a French aristocrat and became a member of the French Academy. Hugo's enthusiasm for struggle in creation has weakened. 1843, he wrote a mysterious play "garrison officer", which was booed by the audience and failed. Hugo was silent for nearly 10 years without writing.

1848 In June, the people of Paris held a revolution, overthrew the July Dynasty and established the Republic of China. Hugo didn't understand the revolution at first, but when the big bourgeoisie plotted to destroy the Republic, Hugo became a staunch pacifist. 185 1 65438 In February, louis bonaparte staged a coup, and Hugo participated in the anti-coup uprising organized by * * * and party member. After louis bonaparte came to power, the Second Empire of France was established. He pursued a policy of terror and ruthlessly suppressed the rebels. Hugo was persecuted and had to go into exile.

During his exile, Hugo persisted in his struggle with Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte. He wrote political satirical pamphlets and poems and lashed out at Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte's dictatorship. During this period, he published the novels Les Miserables, Marine Laborers and Smiling Man.

Les Miserables is Hugo's masterpiece. The plot of the novel is roughly like this: Jean Valjean, a poor worker from a peasant background, once saw his sister's child crying with hunger and went to steal bread. Unfortunately, he was caught and sentenced to five years in prison. He escaped from prison many times, was arrested and sentenced to 14 years in prison. As a result, he spent 19 years in prison for a piece of bread. After he got out of prison, Jean Valjean was looked down upon everywhere, with no job and no food. He vowed to take revenge on society. At this time, a bishop named milian influenced him, and he was determined to do good deeds and be a good person.

Raising her daughter Cosette. At this time, the police Javert was chasing Jean Valjean, a convict who had been missing for many years. In Madeleine, he arrested a poor worker, thinking that he was Jean Valjean, and was going to send him to prison. In order to save innocent workers, Jean Valjean stepped forward and voluntarily admitted his identity. He fell into the hands of the police again. On the way to the prison, he managed to escape.

Jean Valjean immediately found Cosette and hid her in a secluded monastery. Over the years, Cosette has grown into a beautiful girl who fell in love with Marius, a Republican. 1832, an uprising led by the party broke out in Paris and was brutally suppressed by the July dynasty. Marius was seriously injured, and Jean Valjean risked his life to save him from the sewer. At this time, Javert sneaked into the rebel army for reconnaissance, was caught and sentenced to death. Jean Valjean executed the order and shot Javert, but Jean Valjean let Javert go. Javert was ashamed of Jean Valjean's noble personality and committed suicide by throwing himself into the river.

Cosette married Marius, and the young man was very happy. Jean Valjean left a lonely life, and finally he died in Cosette's arms.

Les Miserables exposes the sharp contradiction and disparity between the rich and the poor in capitalist society, describes the painful fate of the lower class, and puts forward three problems that need to be solved urgently in society at that time: "Poverty makes men poor, hunger makes women degenerate, and darkness makes children weak", and lashes out at the hypocrisy of bourgeois laws. It fully reflects the social and political life of France in the first half of the19th century.

Therefore, the novel is welcomed by people all over the world. In the 20th century, it was adapted into a film for many times, which also attracted countless audiences.

1870 When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, after France was defeated in Sedan, the Prussian army pushed Paris. At the critical moment of national peril, Hugo returned to the motherland after 19 years in exile. He made speeches everywhere, calling on the French people to rise up against the German aggressors and defend the motherland. He also bought two cannons with the reward of his work and reading poems, which showed his lofty patriotism.

When the Paris Commune revolted, Hugo didn't understand the revolution. However, when the commune failed and the reactionary government frantically suppressed the commune members, Hugo angrily condemned the cruelty of the reactionaries. He called for the pardon of all commune members and announced in the newspaper that his residence in Brussels, Belgium would be used as a refuge for exiled members. To this end, his home was attacked by reactionary thugs, and he almost died, but he still held his ground.

Hugo died in 1885. The French people held a state funeral for this great poet. His body was buried in the pantheon built for the burial of great men.

Introduction to Hugo

The modern world is the most developed in western Europe, and France is a center of western Europe. /kloc-became the most powerful feudal monarchy in western Europe in the 0/7th century, followed by the Enlightenment, French Revolution, Napoleon Empire,1July Revolution in 830,1February Revolution in 848, Franco-Prussian War, Paris Commune and so on. The historical events that these people know have made France the center of the world's attention, affecting Europe and even.

19th century is the most turbulent time in French society, but the turbulent social life is a hotbed of various literary thoughts. Therefore, for the development of literature, the19th century is the most glorious era in the history of French literature, and glorious names such as Hugo, Balzac and Zola spread all over the world.

Victor hugo was born on February 26th, 1802, at the peak of Napoleon's empire. His father was a general under Napoleon, and his mother supported the royal family. The two separated because of emotional discord, and Hugo lived with his mother. He is very talented and likes reading. He 10 wrote thousands of poems in his teens. Influenced by his mother's conservative thoughts, Hugo sympathized with royalists when he was young and won an award for writing poems praising the dynasty and Catholicism. /kloc-When he was 0/7 years old, he and his brother founded a publication called Literary Conservatives. 1922 published The Book of Songs and received an annuity from Louis Stanislas Xavier. 1925 wrote a poem praising Charles X, which was received by the king and presented as a gift.

/kloc-in France in the 0/7th century, Louis XIV, the "sun king", became a model of monarchs in various countries, and classicism serving absolute kingship came into being. Classicism advocates rationality and nobility. From court etiquette to aristocratic salons, from food, clothing, housing and transportation to manners, we must pay attention to elegance. Due to the influence of classical culture, everything in France has become an example for European courts to imitate, and people in the upper class are proud to speak French. Therefore, the rule of classicism in Europe lasted for one or two hundred years, and it was not until the 1920s of 19 that it was overthrown by romanticism.

Hugo gradually turned from a conservative position to romanticism in the 1920s. 1827, Hugo published the play Cromwell. In the preface, he lashed out at all the rules and regulations of classicism, advocated that everything existing in nature could be an artistic theme, and put forward the aesthetic principle of comparing beauty with ugliness, thus making this preface a declaration of the romantic literary movement. The performance of his play Onani marked the victory of romanticism over classicism. His series of plays are in direct opposition to the rules of classicism. For example, marion de Lomo (183 1) praised the love between Di Jie, a young man from a civilian background, and marion, a prostitute. The King of Fun (1832) wrote that an ordinary girl fell in love with a disguised king; In mary tudor (1833), the queen fell in love with her minion, while in Louis Brass (1838), it was a servant who fell in love with her.

At the same time, he published many poems and novels. Among them, Oriental Collection (1829), Autumn Leaves Collection (183 1), Evening Songs Collection (18) and Soul Collection (1837) Calls for the abolition of the death penalty, while Notre Dame (183 1) compares quasimodo, an ugly but kind bell ringer, with frollo, a hypocritical but cruel and despicable vice bishop, which is even more well known.

Hugo supported the July Uprising in 1830. With the consolidation of the financial bourgeoisie's rule in the July Dynasty, he adopted an attitude of compromise with reality. 184 1 was elected as an academician of the French Academy, 1845 was made a member of the French House of Lords by Louis Philippe, and was awarded the title of "Secretary of State of France". On the one hand, he was very active in politics, on the other hand, his eldest daughter drowned in the lake while rowing with her husband shortly after the wedding. He suffered a heavy mental shock, so he didn't publish his works in recent 10 years.

Hugo has been vacillating between constitutional monarchy and political system. He supported louis bonaparte in the 1848 presidential election and later became a leftist leader in the National Assembly. 185 1 year, louis bonaparte staged a coup and restored the monarchy, which was called Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte. Hugo made a speech to inspire people to revolt. After being suppressed, he was forced to disguise himself as a compositor and flee to Belgium. Then he lived in Jersey and Ganes. This experience fundamentally changed Hugo's mind. 19 during his exile, he wrote "Little Napoleon" (1852) and other essays to expose Napoleon's third, and at the same time closely cooperated with the real political struggle. Poems such as Punishment Collection (1853), Quiet Observation Collection (1856) and Epic Legends of Past Dynasties (1859) were published to satirize Napoleon's third treachery and change his personal feelings into national feelings and patriotic feelings. Boldly changed the cadence of syllables, making these poems with unrestrained feelings, strange imagination, magnificent colors and rich images become the representative works of romantic poetry, and Hugo became an outstanding democratic fighter and immortal national poet in France.

Hugo's fighting spirit is firm. 1859, Napoleon pardoned him for the third time, but he refused to return to China. During his exile, he completed his masterpiece Les Miserables, which exposed the "ignorance and poverty" in society and showed deep sympathy for the working people. It was a magnificent historical picture. "Work at Sea" (1866) describes that the fisherman Giriat fought at sea for love and overcame many difficulties and obstacles such as violent winds, huge waves and octopus reefs. Afterwards, he found that his fiancee fell in love with the young priest, and in order to make others happy, he ended his life in the sea. The novel praised the spirit of sacrificing for others. The smiling man (1869) is set in Britain at the turn of the 8th century. Through the tragic experience of the noble descendant Guan Bolun, the ugliness of the feudal aristocracy was contrasted sharply with the kindness of the working people. These novels are rich in content and touching in plot, and contain romantic passion to declare war on injustice, so they have shocking artistic power.

During his exile, he also paid attention to the oppressed people in the world. 1860, the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan. He wrote a letter denouncing the allies as robbers and condemning their evil deeds of destroying oriental culture. 1862, the French army invaded Mexico, and he wrote a letter calling on the Mexican people to resist; 1863, he supported the Polish people's struggle against the Russian czar. From 65438 to 0868, he presided over the World Peace Conference in Lausanne, Switzerland. All these show that the humanitarianism he preached is not empty talk, but is always implemented and practiced.

1870 When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte was captured and collapsed, and Hugo returned to France, which was warmly welcomed by the Parisian people. He immediately threw himself into the battle to defend the motherland, delivered a speech, visited the wounded and donated money to buy guns. When the Paris Commune was suppressed, he called for pardon of commune members and took his residence in Brussels as their refuge, for which he was expelled from Belgium. At the same time, he also wrote the last novel "93" (1874), in which the leader of the counter-revolutionary rebellion, Marquis Landnak, was arrested in order to save three children from the fire. * * * and Guo Wen, the commander of China's army, released the Marquis without authorization and were sentenced to death by a military court. However, Xue Mudeng, the judge who sentenced him to death, was also very contradictory, and finally shot himself while Guo Wen was executed. The novel advocates the viewpoint that "there is infinite goodness in people's hearts above all problems in the world", which should be said to be of progressive significance when the Paris commune uprising was brutally suppressed and commune members faced death threats.

In his later years, Hugo persisted in his creation and completed Poetry, The Art of Being a Grandpa (1877) and Legends of Past Dynasties (1877, 1883). 1881On February 26th, 600,000 Parisians marched in front of his window to celebrate his 80th birthday. In his will 1883, he announced that he would give 50,000 francs to the poor, and hoped to send his coffin to the cemetery in a funeral carriage for the poor. 1885 died on may 8th, 2008, and the French government and people held a grand state funeral for him. Two million people from France and all over the world lined up to send his body to the Great Man Cemetery.

1827: Cromwell (script)

1829: Oriental (Poetry)

1830: El Nani (script)

183 1: the hunchback of Notre Dame de Paris (novel)

1838: Ruybras (script)

1853: Poetry

1856: Meditation (Poetry)

1862: Les Miserables (novel)

1869: men's quick words (novel)

1859-1883: The Legend of Siecles (Poetry)

1874: quart-Wingate-Treize (novel

Victor Hugo

Victor? Victor hugo (L802 ~ 1885) is one of the greatest writers in the history of French literature and the leader of the French romantic movement. His life almost spanned the whole19th century, and his literary career lasted for 60 years, with enduring creation. His romantic novels are wonderful and moving, vigorous and powerful, and have permanent charm for readers.

Hugo 1802 was born in Besancon in the south of France. My grandfather was a carpenter and my father was an American army officer. He was once killed by Napoleon's brother, King Joseph of Spain. Bonaparte was awarded the rank of general and was trusted by the king.

Hugo is very talented and smart. At the age of 9, he began to write poems. Go back to Paris to study at the age of 65,438+00. After graduating from high school, he entered law school, but his interest was writing. /kloc-when he was 0/5 years old, he wrote Reading Music at the French Academy, which was rewarded by the French Academy. 17 years old, won the first prize of "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition". At the age of 20, he published a collection of poems, Poetry and Fu. Later, he was disappointed with the Bourbon Dynasty and the July Dynasty and became a pacifist. He also wrote many poems, plays and plays. He created a large number of novels with distinctive features and practiced his thoughts.

1827, Hugo published the play Cromwell and its preface. Although the script was not performed, the preface was regarded as a declaration of French romanticism and an epoch-making document in the history of literature. It greatly promoted the development of French romantic literature.

From 65438 to 0830, Hugo's play Onani was staged in the Grand Theatre of the French Academy, which had a great influence and established the leading position of romanticism in French literature.

Notre Dame de Paris, published in 183 1, is Hugo's most romantic novel. The plot of the novel is bizarre, tense, vivid, unpredictable, dramatic and legendary.

At this time, the vice bishop of Notre Dame de Paris Claude? Frollo suddenly fell in love with the beautiful Melada, and he fell madly in love with her. So he ordered the church bell ringer, ugly quasimodo, to take Esmeralda away. As a result, Fabi, the captain of the French king's bow and arrow, saved Esmeralda and captured quasimodo. He took the bell ringer to the square and whipped him. The kind gypsy girl gave quasimodo water instead of revenge.

The bell ringer is ugly in appearance, but pure and noble in heart. He was very grateful to Esmeralda and fell in love with her. Naive Esmeralda fell in love with Fabi at first sight. When they were dating, frollo followed them quietly. Out of jealousy, he stabbed Fabi with a knife and ran away. Hermes Rada was sentenced to death for murder. Quasimodo took Esmeralda from the gallows and hid him in Notre Dame. Frollo took the opportunity to threaten gypsy girls to satisfy his lust. After being rejected, he handed her over to the king's army and the innocent girl was hanged. Quasimodo angrily pushed frollo out of the church and died. He hugged Esmeralda's body and died.

The novel shows Hugo's strong hatred for the feudal government and the church, and also reflects his deep sympathy for the lower classes.

After the "July Revolution", France established the financier Louis? The July dynasty was ruled by the big bourgeoisie headed by Philip. The July dynasty kept wooing Hugo, and Hugo was elected to the French Academy on 184 1, and on 1845, Louis? Philip made him a French aristocrat and became a member of the House of Lords. Hugo's enthusiasm for struggle in creation has weakened. 1843, he wrote a mysterious play "garrison officer", which was booed by the audience and failed. Hugo was silent for nearly 10 years without writing.

1848 In June, the people of Paris held a revolution, overthrew the July Dynasty and established the Republic of China. Hugo didn't understand the revolution at first, but when the big bourgeoisie plotted to destroy the Republic, Hugo became a staunch pacifist. 185 1 year 65438+ February, Louis? Bonaparte staged a coup, and Hugo took part in the anti-coup uprising organized by * * * and party member. Louis? After Bonaparte came to power, the Second Empire of France was established. He pursued a policy of terror and ruthlessly suppressed the rebels. Hugo was persecuted and had to go into exile.

He changed his name to Madeleine, set up a factory in a city and became a rich man. He provides jobs for the poor and gives them food and houses. He was always ready to help others and was elected mayor by the citizens. At this time, a girl named Shan Ting came to the city. She is a rural girl who went to work in the city and was cheated into giving birth to a daughter. She put her daughter Cosette in foster care with the owner of a hotel. The boss is a villain and took the opportunity to blackmail her. Mountain was forced to sell her beautiful hair and teeth and become a prostitute. Finally, she was poor and ill. When Jean Valjean heard this, he immediately took care of her and promised to raise his daughter Cosette after her death. At this time, the police Javert was chasing Jean Valjean, a convict who had been missing for many years. In Madeleine, he arrested a poor worker, thinking that he was Jean Valjean, and was going to send him to prison. In order to save innocent workers, Jean Valjean stepped forward and voluntarily admitted his identity. He fell into the hands of the police again. On the way to the prison, he managed to escape.

Cosette married Marius, and the young man was very happy. Jean Valjean left a lonely life, and finally he died in Cosette's arms.

Hugo died in 1885. The French people held a state funeral for this great poet. His body was buried in the pantheon built for the burial of great men.

The first Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded in 190 1 year, but Hugo died in 1885, so despite his high literary achievements, he still missed the Nobel Prize.

well-known saying

The widest ocean in the world, the sky wider than the ocean, and the human mind wider than the sky.

The future will belong to two kinds of people: those who think and those who work. In fact, these two kinds of people are the same kind of people, because thinking is also labor.

On top of the absolutely correct revolution, there is absolutely correct humanism.

People's wisdom holds three keys, one is to open numbers, the other is to open letters and the other is to open notes. Knowledge, thoughts and fantasies are all in it.

What the world lacks is perseverance, not strength.

Boldness is the price of progress.

You should believe that you are a strong person in life.

The road to art is full of thorns, which is also a good thing. Ordinary people are timid, except those who are strong-willed

Whoever wastes his life, his youth will fade, and life will abandon them.

Laughter, like sunshine, drives away the winter on people's faces.

It is better to refuse frankly than to agree reluctantly.

It is the human heart that releases infinite light, and it is also the human heart that creates boundless darkness.

Books are tools to cultivate the mind.

People can only live by material things; One must have ideals to talk about life.

Where the steps cannot be reached, the eyes can reach them; Where the eyes cannot reach, the spirit can fly.

One more school can save a prison.

Life is a smile.

Man has two ears, one hears the voice of God and the other hears the voice of the devil.

I would rather rely on my own strength to explore the future than seek the favor of the powerful.

The first hunger of mankind is ignorance.

Chronicle of events

1802 was born in Besancon in the east of France on February 26th.

18 19 co-founded the conservative literary biweekly with the romantic poet Winnie the Pooh and others. Publish the first poem in a journal.

1822 compiled the first collection of poems, poems and miscellaneous poems. Marry Edna at St. Supes Cathedral.

1825 was awarded the medal of honor to attend the coronation ceremony of Charles X.

1827 published Cromwell and the famous romantic manifesto, and became the leader of the romantic movement.

183 1 year completed the romantic literary masterpiece and novel Notre Dame de Paris (that is, the hunchback of Notre Dame de Paris).

184 1 was elected to the French Academy in and publicly expressed his support for constitutional monarchy.

1843, the script Les Burgraves failed, and his daughter Leo Paulding died unexpectedly, so he stopped his new work and turned to politics.

/kloc-became a nobleman in 0/845 and was named Count Hugo.

1848 set up a major event magazine.

He was arrested and imprisoned on 1850, and Hugo fled Paris under the pseudonym of Wen Lan.

185 1 year, louis bonaparte launched a coup to declare monarchy, and Hugo was forced into exile.

1853 published a collection of poems full of ironic political meanings.

1862, he published the immortal social novel Les Miserables.

Hugo's wife Edna died in 1868.

1870, the third government was established, ending 19 years of exile and returning to Paris.

187 1 was elected as a representative of the national assembly.

Hugo 1876 was elected senator.

1883, the third volume of the century legend is completed.

1May 22, 885, died in Paris. /kloc-in June, 2000, Hugo's coffin was placed under the Arc de Triomphe for all the people to see and buried in the Great Man Cemetery in Paris.

Main work