Du Fu
The clear river winds around the village, and everything in the village looks elegant in the long summer.
Since I left, I have come to Liang, and I am very close to seagulls in the water.
The old lady is using a chessboard, and the younger son is making a hook with an injection.
As long as some old friends give me some money, what do I ask?
This poem was written in the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Suzong (760). Previously, after four years of exile, the poet went from Tongzhou to Mianzhou and came to Huanhuaxi, a suburb of Chengdu that was not invaded by war. With the support of relatives and friends, he has worked hard to run the thatched cottage. The poet who suffered from displacement finally got a temporary shelter. It's early summer, beside Huanhuaxi, the river twists and turns, and Shui Mu is green, which is a quiet and elegant pastoral scenery. Therefore, the poet borrowed the name of Jiangcun's poem and put pen to paper.
The word "everything is quiet" in the second sentence of the first couplet of this poem dominates the whole article. In the middle four sentences, tightly buckle "everything is quiet" and narrate all the way. Liang Zhongyan, come and go freely; Bai Ou is on the river, far and near, close to each other. From the poet's eyes, both swallows and seagulls have an interest in forgetting their planes, which is suitable for music groups. Not only the beautiful summer scenery is intoxicating, but also the tranquility at home makes the poet happy: his wife draws paper for the infatuation and innocence of chess, which is amiable; It's so cute for children to knock on needles as hooks. The conclusion, "But there is an old friend who provides food, and I don't want anything", is a happy word on the surface, but there is a lot of bitterness in the bones. Saying "but there is" does not guarantee that there will be; Saying "what do you want more" means that you have already made a request. Du Fu really didn't forget that his leisurely life in front of him was based on "old friends with rice". Once the meal is gone, everything can be said. So the last two sentences are not so much lucky words as bitter feelings. In the four sentences of Zhonglian, we have written enough about the quiet things in Jiangcun from the material state and human feelings. At the end of the sentence, we combined "everything is quiet" with the sentence "What else can I ask for" and collected a theme.
The poem Jiangcun is unique in artistic treatment. First, compound words do not repeat. In the two sentences of the first couplet, the words "Jiang" and "Village" appeared twice. According to the requirements of' general metrical poetry', compound words should be avoided in the couplet of the lower jaw neck, and scattered sentences should be avoided as far as possible in the first and second couplet, although the requirements are not so strict. Using a pair of compound words here has a light and elegant feeling, but it doesn't feel like a crime. This situation is very similar to that in legal sentences. Difficult sentences must be saved by difficult sentences, and compound words must be supplemented by compound words. Besides, there are two other overlapping words "everything" in the second sentence, so that the first two poems have no sense of support.
Second, the whole poem is closely coordinated. "beam" belongs to "village" and "gull in water" belongs to "river"; "Chess" is the inheritance of "Long Summer", and "fishhook" means "Qingjiang". Zhuan Xu's "going to the beam alone, kissing the gulls in the water", two words of "self" and two words of "phase" are all self-correcting; "Go", "Come" and "Near" are all right. Self-righting and mutual righting, reading is light and smooth. Two simple sentences in the neckline can best express the artistic conception of husband and wife's growing old together, respecting each other as guests and being stubborn. Third, at the end of the sentence, it is a consistent feature of Du Fu's nostalgic poems.
Du Fu has two poems that describe the joys and sorrows of his poems, saying that "extreme sadness is based on poetry, and poetry turns desolate" ("After the End"). This poem was originally written in a leisurely mood, but when he wrote it, he couldn't help but reveal his loneliness and unhappiness at the end, which made people feel disappointed. It is here that the predecessors called Du Fu's poems "gloomy".