Han Yu (768-824 AD) was born in Heyang, Henan Province (now Mengxian County, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty. The ancestral home is Changli, so it is called "Han Changli". Zhenyuan Jinshi He successively served as supervisor of national history, doctor and assistant minister of official department. Obituary of death. Therefore, it is also called "Han Official Department" and "Han Wengong". I have been demoted many times in my life. He was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty. His prose is well-organized, vigorous and powerful, and is listed as the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties by later generations. His poems strive for novelty and take prose as poetry, which has a great influence on Song poetry. There is a collection of Mr. Changli.
Official history
Han Yu is a native of Changli. Father Zhong Qing, nobody. Born at the age of three, he was lonely and raised by his father and brother. The more you learn from being alone, the harder you study Confucianism, and there is no reward. During the period from Dali to Zhenyuan, most of the characters were ancient Chinese, with Yang Xiong and Dong Zhongshu as the main writers, while Duguji and Liang Su were the most profound, and Confucianism was the most important. The more he travels from his disciples, the more determined he is to learn, and the more he wants to shock a generation. He praised Jinshi and wrote articles between officials, so Qing Yu was quite famous, so it was very famous at that time.
Find a Jinshi. Prime Minister Dong Jin went out of town and became the governor. Besides the government, Xuzhou Zhang Jianfeng invited him to be a guest. The truer you are, the more fearless you are, the more upright you are, and the more clumsy you are in world affairs. Four doctors were transferred to supervise the empire. In the late years of Dezong, there were many political affairs, but the prime minister was not specialized, and the shortcomings of the palace market were ignored by the remonstrating officials. The last chapter is more and more relished. If I don't listen, I will become angry from embarrassment, demoted to Lianzhou order, and moved to Jiangling House to slap Cao. In Yuan and Chu, he was called Dr. Guo Zi and moved to the capital as an official and foreign minister. Yan Jimei, the secretariat of Huazhou at that time, stopped Huayin and ordered the county to take pictures of Cao. After living in Jimei County for several months, she left her residence, so Jane ridiculed the people to build roads and demanded military service the year before last. After the secretariat of Zhao Chang according to Jian sin smell, demoted FuZhou syma. The more I went to China, the more I learned, and I thought that the historical secretariat was close to the Party, so I was reluctant to stay in China. Yushi was ordered to examine the case and was later demoted to Wei. The more absurd the theory, the more Dr. Guo Zi. The more self-sufficient, the more tired, and the more rejected. You will make a "learning solution" as a metaphor:
Mr. Guo Zi entered imperial academy in the morning, called all the students to set up a library, and said, "Being diligent and idle, success is ruined by thinking." When the sages meet today, the fixed object has been finished, the evil spirits have been pulled out, and the good spirits have been worshipped. The ratio of small good people is recorded, and those who are famous for their technology are useless. Climb, scrape and polish. Guy was lucky to be elected, but which cloud is more than the others? Not all students are proficient, and there is no ignorance of the department; If you can't succeed in doing things, you won't suffer. "
Before the words were finished, someone laughed at the column and said, "Sir, you are deceiving me! Disciple, I have been here for many years. Teacher Wang never stops talking about six arts, and his hand is constantly covered with the compilation of "A Hundred Schools of Thought contend". The recorder must mention his essentials, and the fabricator must hook his mystery. There are too many things and too few donations. Burn the ointment and continue, forever poor. A gentleman's business can be described as diligence. Reject heresy, blame the Buddha, make up for mistakes, and be quiet. Looking for that boundless mood, looking for it lonely and far away; The obstacle ran all the way to the east, and the tide turned back. Mr. Wang is a great help to Confucianism. Immersed in depression, all in English, as an article, his books are all books. On Yao's rules, ⑦, muddy and boundless ⑧. " Zhou patent "and" shadow disk "are full of twists and turns. Spring and Autumn Annals is rigorous, while Left is grandiose. "Yi" is strange and law, while "poetry" is rigid and beautiful. Xia Lang's Zhuang and Sao were recorded by Taishi Gong, while Ziyun and Xiangru are different songs from the same work. Mr. Yu Wen can be said to be in it and in it. Learn less and be brave; Long-term communication in the square should be appropriate. As a man, Mr Wang Can can be said to be successful. However, the public does not take people, the private does not help friends, and it is easy to blame others. He fled to the south temporarily. The third is a doctor, who is too redundant to be cured (1 1). When can we overcome life and hatred? Warm in winter and cool in summer, young and strong, and my wife is hungry. What's the harm of dying (12)? I don't know if I care about this, but I am anti-teaching! "
The gentleman said, "Hey, before Zi came. The big wood is a building, the thin wood is a rafter, the rafter is short (13), and the rafter is wedge (14), each in its place, and the craftsman's work is also done. Jade cinnabar, red arrow and green cheese, cattle and horses, and defeated drums are all collected, and those who don't use them are good doctors. Clearly choose the public, clever and clumsy, gorgeous and outstanding, learn short and long, be independent and be the prime minister. Monk used to be argumentative, with clear channels and the world surrounded by the world. Xun Qing is upright, and the great theory is great. He fled to the state of Chu and abandoned Lanling. He is a second Confucian, taking words as the classics and feet as the law, leaving his family and entering the sanctuary in a unique way. What happened to him in this world? Although Mr. Jin is diligent in his studies, there is nothing he can do. Don't include many words; Although the words are strange, they are useless; Although the line has been repaired, it is not obvious to the public. I still have to spend money every month, but I am too old to plow and my wife can't weave. I rode with my apprentice, sat down to eat, and my heels were often painted and promoted (15) for me to steal. However, it is not lucky that the king does not punish and the minister does not condemn! If you move, you will slander, and the name will follow. It is advisable to throw idle powder. If the husband has paid bribes in business, he should pay attention to the class capital (16) and forget his own quantity, which refers to the defects of his predecessors. It is the so-called craftsman's fault that the fork is not used as a shackle, but the doctor wants to introduce the year to Changyang (17).
When he was in power, he looked at what he had written, which was very pitiful. With his historical talent, he changed it into Langzhong Department and History Museum. Over the age of 40, transfer to the exam, learn the imperial edict, and worship the Chinese book.
If Russia is unhappy, it will bury the past, and if it doesn't heal, it will drop Jiangling Cao. The Jingnan Festival has made the museums in Pei Jun quite thick, and they are all frivolous. People close to them will save their father. The more so, the more they call themselves. This theory is very popular in the court, and sitting is for the right bastard of the prince. In August of the 12th year of Yuanhe, Pei Du, the minister in charge of slaughter, served as the ambassador for Huaixi and also served as our rebel ambassador. Please be the marching Sima and give him back the gold and purple. Huai returned to the DPRK in December, awarded the assistant minister of punishments with merit, and still wrote more about Pinghuai West Monument, in which Pei Du was more talked about. It's unfair to enter Cai Zhou first and capture Wu Yuanji, and Su Li was the first to work. When his wife went in and out of the Forbidden City, the imperial edict was worn out because the words on the tablet were untrue. Xianzong ordered Duan Wenchang, a bachelor of Hanlin, to rewrite the article.
Fengxiang Famen Temple has a pagoda to protect the country, and there is a phalanx of Buddha in the pagoda. Its book is circulated, and it will be rich in Thailand when it opens 30 years later. In the first month of 14th year, Du Feng made a decree to detain 30 imperial secretaries, holding fragrant flowers, and went to Lingao Post to see Buddha bones. He went into ouchi through the gate, stayed in the forbidden area for three days, and was sent to the monastery. Princes and nobles are ordinary people, so they run to give up for fear of being left behind. The people lost everything, burned their heads and arms, and sought support. The more I dislike Buddha, the more I remonstrate.
Buddhists are among the barbarians. It began to flow into China in the Han Dynasty, which was unknown in ancient times. Yesterday, the Yellow Emperor ascended the throne for a hundred years, at the age of 110. Shao Hao reigned for eighty years, at the age of one hundred. Zhuan Xu reigned for seventy-nine years and was ninety-eight. Di Ku reigned for seventy years at the age of 150; Emperor Yao reigned for 98 years at the age of 1 18; Shun Di and Yu are both 100 years old. At this time, the world is at peace and the people live a happy life (18), but there is no Buddha in China. Later, at the age of 100, Tang Wu reigned for 75 years and Wu Ding reigned for 50 years. The history of the book does not tell his life, and the cover will not decrease 100 years. Zhou Wenwang was 97 years old, King Wu was 93 years old, and King Mu was in office 100. Buddhism did not spread to China at this time, not because of Buddhism.
There was Buddhism when Emperor Han Ming was in power, and Ming Di was in power for eighteen years. After that, it was chaos and death, and luck was not long. Song, Qi, Liang, Chen and Chen have all come down, and the Buddha has gradually become sincere, especially in age. It's just that in the forty-eight years of Liang Wudi's reign, he gave his life to worship Buddha three times before and after, and there was no need to sacrifice sacrifices at the ancestral temple, eating and drinking day and night, with fruits and vegetables as the end; Later forced by Hou Jing, Taicheng starved to death, and the country also perished. It would be even worse to serve the Buddha for happiness. From this perspective, the Buddha is not credible and is known.
Emperor Gaozu began to be influenced by Sui and Zen, so he was dismissed. At that time, ministers were not far away, so they couldn't delve into Wang Zhidao first, learn from the strengths of ancient and modern times, and show the wisdom of saving the disadvantages, so the matter stopped. I often hate it! Fu Wei, the emperor, is sacred and heroic, and has been unparalleled for thousands of years. At the beginning of the throne, no monks, no monks, no temples were allowed. At that time, I thought that Gao-zu's ambition would be realized by your majesty. If we can't do it today, how can we turn Gankun around and make it prosperous!
I heard that your majesty ordered a group of eminent monks to meet Yu Fengxiang and Buddha's bones, visit the Imperial Building, enter the auditorium, and ask the temples to welcome guests and offer meals. Although I am stupid, I must know that your majesty is not confused by the Buddha, so I pray for good luck. Wisdom (19) is in the prime of life, partial to the people's hearts, and makes a wonderful scene for Kyoto scholars. If you have the wisdom to believe such a thing? However, people are ignorant, easily confused and hard to know. Seeing your majesty like this, you can truly believe in Buddhism. It is said that the son of heaven is a great sage, or they believe wholeheartedly that the people are humble. Do they cherish life in the Buddha? So, burning the tips of fingers, hundreds of people in groups, undressing and paying money, taking turns to imitate from morning till night, lest the old and the young run around and waste their careers. If it is not stopped immediately, it will pass through the temple, and some people with broken arms will think it is a provider. It is not a trivial matter to let laughter spread in all directions.
Buddha, originally a barbarian, could not talk to China, and his clothes were unique. I don't speak the words of the former king, I don't abide by the laws of the former king, I don't understand the meaning of the monarch and the minister, and the love between father and son. If he is still alive, he will come to the imperial city on the orders of the country, and your majesty will accept it. However, when Zheng Xuan saw it, he set up a concierge, gave clothes, and the guards went abroad to avoid confusion. Besides, his body has been dead for a long time, and his bones are rotten, fierce and filthy. Why should he be forbidden to enter the palace? Confucius said, "Stay away from ghosts and gods." In ancient times, the vassal, whose country was suspended, still ordered Wu Zhu to make peach blossoms first, except ominous, and then suspended. I took something rotten for no reason today, and I personally observed it. I am ashamed that the witch wishes first, the peach blossoms are not needed, the ministers don't say anything wrong, and the empire doesn't mention their losses. Begging for this bone to pay off the fire and water is never fundamental, breaking the suspicion of the world and never confusing future generations. Wouldn't it be glorious to let the people all over the world know that what the Great Sage has done is different? Isn't it soon? If the Buddha has a spirit, it can be a disaster. If there is any disaster, he should be a minister. If I learn from God, I won't regret it.
Shuzou, Xianzong is very angry. One day, I will go out and show my loyalty, and I will add extreme methods. Pei Du and Cui Qun said, "Han Yu respects you and should be offended. However, unless he is loyal and sincere and does not shirk his responsibility, how can he do so? " Fu Qi is a bit tolerant and has always been an exhorter. "He said," The more I say I worship Buddha too much, the more I tolerate it. It is said that after worshipping Buddha in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the emperor's salt caused his death, so why do you say he is good (20)? The more I am a minister, the more arrogant and unforgivable I am. "So human feelings have been hit, and even Qi and Zhu Gui are getting more and more guilty. Because of what they said, they were demoted to Chaozhou secretariat.
The more sunrise, the table above says:
On the fourteenth day of the first month of this year, I was awarded the secretariat of Chaozhou, and I arrived in Chiyi that day. Through mountains and seas, land and water Wan Li. My state is in the east of Guangfu. Although I went to Guangfu for two thousand miles, I traveled for more than a month. Crossing the estuary and entering the bad water, the waves are fierce and it is difficult to calculate the progress. Hurricane crocodile is in trouble. The southern part of the state is close to the border, with sea and sky, poisonous fog and atmosphere erupting every day. I'm only fifty years old, my teeth are white and I'm not growing. Criminals are the most serious, away from evil, worried and embarrassed, and die every day. Fighting alone, facing no relatives, living in a barbarian land, and being in the same group as the devil. Who will be the minister unless your majesty mourns?
I am ignorant by nature and don't know much about personnel. I only care about cool and knowledgeable articles, and I haven't abandoned them for a day. It was really recommended by my generation. I was a minister at that time, and I was not superior. As for your majesty's merits and demerits, compared with the poetry book, it is a song poem, a recommendation from a suburban temple, a seal on a mountain and a jade carving, which has made great achievements in the sky and has been compiled in the poetry book without loss. Although I brought the ancients back to life, I don't want to make more concessions. The Tang Dynasty was ordered to surrender to the world, and within the four seas, male and female servants were not divided into east, west, north and south, and within Wan Li. Since Tianbao, politics has been slack, literature is not refined, and martial arts is not refined. Treacherous court official, treacherous court official, obedient outside and rebellious inside. Father died, children were born, and ancestors were grandchildren. Like the ancient prince, he was good at his land, and he didn't pay tribute to it. Sixty or seventy years. The four sacred orders, and even your majesty, listen with your hands, listen with your ears, and do whatever you want. Set music to tell God, travel east to Mount Tai, and play the role of emperor. Only in this way can it be appropriate, long-lasting and serve me. At this time, the so-called once-in-a-lifetime encounter, and I, guilty because of the baby's trouble, was caught on the island and forced by death and death. I am not allowed to play thin words between the official and court officials, and my thoughts are poor, in order to save the past. I am in pain and poverty, I will not close my eyes! Looking at Chen Ji, the daylights out of me. Fu Wei, your majesty, the parents of heaven and earth, is sad and pitied.
Xianzong said to Zaichen, "I brought Han Yu to Chaozhou yesterday. He loves me because he thinks of Buddha bones. I don't know? " However, the more you become a minister, you should not say that it is the year of Buddha's ascension. I hate it (2 1). "The more you want to reuse, the more you talk about it first, and look at the performance of the traitor. However, the evil of Huangfu became more and more straightforward, and he was afraid of being reused. He took the lead and said, "The more this happens, the more wild it will be, and it can be moved to a county. "This is the secretariat of zhou yuan.
At the beginning, the more I went to Chaoyang, the more I looked at things, and the more I inquired about the sufferings of officials and people. They all said: "There are crocodiles in the west of the county, and the eggs are tens of feet long, so the people will be tired, so the people are poor." In a few days, the more you look at it, Judge Ji Qin shot a dolphin and a sheep, threw it into the water and wished it:
The former King Deborah abandoned the land of Chu Yue, where crocodiles can swim. Today, the child is sacred, caressing it from four seas away. Besides, the territory of Yangzhou is under the jurisdiction of the prefectural magistrate, and the tribute is given to the Temple of Heaven and Earth. How can crocodiles mix with the secretariat here? The secretariat was ordered by the emperor to guard this place, but the crocodile flagrantly refused to take Anxi Lake, eating people's livestock, bears and deer, fattening its body, reproducing its eggs, and contending with the secretariat for a long time. Although the secretariat was weak, Anken bowed his head for the crocodile. Today's Chaozhou Sea is in the south, with big whales, small shrimps and crabs and no bearing. Crocodiles come and go. I made an appointment with the crocodile for three or even seven days today. Stubborn, it must be harmful. Then, you have to choose a prostitute and a strong husband to work with the crocodile!
On the night of the curse, it rained heavily and thundered. In a few days, the water dried up and moved six miles west of the old dam. Naturally, there are no crocodiles in the crowd.
The custom in Yuanzhou is that men and women belong to others (22), but beyond the agreement, they are not included in the house where the money is paid. The more we have to find a way to redeem the lost men and women and return them to our parents. It is forbidden to transfer people while still cutting its vulgar methods.
In fifteen years, he was recruited to offer wine to the son of the country and transferred to the Ministry of War as an assistant minister. Kill Tian, gather together Zhenzhou and Wangting, and make Yue declare to Zhenzhou. The more you arrive, the more you gather soldiers and civilians, the more smooth you are, the more you talk, and the more you are afraid. Change the official department assistant minister, transfer to Jing, and be an ancient scholar. Li Shen, the imperial adviser, was disintegrated by him (23). The more you fail, the more accurate you are. Gentlemen, the more you get in the way, the more you stab each other. However, the gentry still observe in western Zhejiang, and the more you stop Yin from being assistant minister of the Ministry of War. While the gentry resigned to the town, crying, Mu Zong pity them, but chasing the gentry as an assistant minister of the Ministry of War, and later became an assistant minister of the official department.
Changqing died in December of the fourth year, at the age of 57, and he was given the history of the Ministry of Rites.
The richer you are, the more you make friends with others, and it is not easy to be proud. When I was young, I was good friends with Meng Jiao in Luoyang and Zhang Ji in Dong Jun. They didn't pursue fame and gain, the more they didn't avoid the cold and heat, saying that they were recommended to the public and officials, and eventually became the division, which was rewarded by the land division. Although the post is expensive, every time I retire, I will talk about my face and write poems, such as calming the past. And the opinions of all powerful people, such as servants, ignore them. And it can lure him down. The people in the museum are sixteen or seventeen years old. Although they don't give it in the morning, they don't mind. Generally speaking, it is a matter of raising famous teachers and rewarding righteousness. Only ten people have married friends and orphans at home and abroad.
It is often thought that scholars have been detained many times since Wei and Jin Dynasties, but under the guidance of imperial edict, that touching and heroic spirit no longer resonates. So the more you write, the more you do, the more ideas you express, and a new language is formed. Those who learn later should learn from others. At that time, there were many authors, so they were called "Koreans" internationally. But sometimes there are arrogant talents, which is also the purpose of Confucius and Mencius. If southerners mistake Liu Zongyuan as the god of Luochi, the more they write the tablet, the more real it is; Li surnamed Jin should not be a scholar, but the more jealous he is, the more he will be promoted to a scholar; The same is "Biography of Mao Ying", mocking the inhumanity of the play. This article is embarrassing. The more historical writing, the more complicated and simple it is, and the narrative is not good at choosing, which is quite contemporary. And scholars tried to add a letter to the official, but the more prominent it was in Hejiang, the more difficult it was for them. Wei Chuhou actually wrote three volumes of Records of Shunzong. The Anthology consists of forty volumes, with Li Han as the order.
Zi Chang is also a scholar.
Biography of Jade in Old Tang Dynasty and Shu Dynasty (volume 160)
[Note and release]
① Military service: the service fee for military service. Dun, the station. Straight, through "value", salary. 2 Yong: About. 3 both: the end, the end. (4) Confusion: Diligence and perseverance. ⑤ Fill in the blank: Fill in the blank. Mat, a straw mat, is used as a verb here, which means filling. With the "gap". ⑥ Zhang Yi lived in seclusion: publicizing the profound meaning of Confucianism. Zhang Yi, Zhang Da, Shen Ming. Deep and weak. Rule 7: imitate and learn; Yao Si: Yu Shun and Yu Xia. 8 muddy boundless: far-reaching boundless. Pet-name ruby: refers to being able to adapt to world affairs. Attending the postscript: I met with bumps and bumps. Postscript, practice. Get in the way. (1 1) Redundant employees die: if you are idle, you will die. (12) Headache: baldness and tooth loss. (13) short: the wood above the column, that is, the bucket arch; Short: refers to short columns, short columns on beams. (14) key: key: the hub of the portal; W: Doors, vertical bolts between two doors; Yi: door key, door stick; Wedge: Wedge. (15) Improvement of heel coating: Walk cautiously according to the routine. Heel, heel, used as a verb, go. Tu Li tong Tao. A hasty and restrained expression. (16) class salary: official rank qualification; Hey: the same as "humble". Worship, high and low. (17) Changyang: Acorus calamus, which can nourish and strengthen the body when used as medicine; Leading a year: keeping healthy and prolonging life. (18) longevity test: longevity. Test, old. (19) straight: just. (20) Cute thorn: still surly and not smooth. (2 1) It's easy to hate: I hate his thoughtlessness. (22) Slave: A person who sells himself to others as a slave. (23) Not attending Taiwan Province: Not attending Taiwan Province officials.
[Related historical materials]
There are hundreds of songs and poems in Korean government offices, which are like a rainbow. If the thunder carries electricity and holds it between heaven and earth, things are strange and they have to be encouraged to breathe. Si Kongtu's "Liu Liuzhou Collection"
Perilla Zhan Yun said: "Zi Mei's poems, resignation articles and Lu Gong's books are all good examples. When learning poetry, you should learn from Zi Mei. There are rules that can be learned. Retreat poetry, there is no solution, it is good to be talented. Hyperopia is not a poem, but a wonderful ear in its chest. If you can't learn Du Fu, it's still a job. If there is no talent from Korea, Tao Zhizhi will be happy to learn his poems. " Chen Shidao's Poems about the Back Hill
Take the text as a poem, and take Zi Zhan as a poem. For example, the dance of Ambassador Lei, who teaches the workshop, is very famous in the world, but it should be non-authentic. Chen Shidao's Poems about the Back Hill
Han's poems retired, with love and hate accounting for half. Lovers think that although Du Zimei is inferior, those who don't think that retiring from poetry has nothing to gain. Since Chen has no self (1) generation, all have this theory. However, both schools of thought have gone too far. Zhang Jie's Poems in the Old Cold Hall
Curious, Han Yu climbed Huashan with his guests and never came back. He wrote a suicide note and cried wildly. Hua Yin ordered him to take all measures. Li Zhao's Supplement to Tang Shi
[Notes]
① Chen Wuji: Chen Shidao.