I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
Modern Translation of Ancient Poetry
There is bright moonlight in front of the bed, like frost on the ground. Look up at the bright moon in the sky and overlook my hometown.
Appreciation of famous sentences-"Looking up, I found it was moonlight, then sinking, and suddenly I remembered home."
This poem is a famous sentence that has been told through the ages. Plain and simple language vividly expresses the homesickness of the wanderer. There are only 20 words in the whole poem. From the description of time, environment, atmosphere and subtle movements of characters, it shows the wanderer's deep yearning for his hometown. The language is clear, the rhyme is smooth and natural, which seems easy and effortless, but in fact it is exquisite and intriguing.
Seven step poem
Cao zhi
Boil beans and burn beans, and the beans cry in the pot.
We are born from the same root. What's the hurry?
Appreciation Cao Zhi is the son of Cao Cao and the brother of Cao Pi. Cao Zhi has great wit. Cao Pi acceded to the throne and avoided Cao Zhi's talent, so he found an opportunity to ask Cao Zhi to write a poem within seven steps, so that he would be killed if he failed. Cao Zhi responded by writing this poem to satirize Cao Pi, saying-when cooking beans, tofu is burned under the kettle, and beans cry in the kettle. Tofu and beans are both born from the same bean root, so why stir-fry tofu?
Cao Zhi means: Brothers, like beans and glutinous rice, are always born to the same mother. Why don't you love your brother as a brother? Why do you want to fire me so badly? These four sentences are famous for praising brotherhood. Every time, it is used by later generations to ridicule those who don't know how to love their brothers. "Being born from the same root" is often used to describe the feelings of brothers and sisters.
Liu Yiqing's seven-step poem in Shi Shuo Xin Yu has six lines: "Boil beans for soup, ferment beans for juice. Glutinous rice is burned in the kettle, and beans weep in the kettle; This is the same root, why do you want to speculate with each other! " The four names recorded here are condensed from six sentences recorded in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, which can be found in Chapter 79 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, these four sentences were written in response, not in seven steps, but on the topic of "brothers".
Precautions:
Burning: burning.
Tofu: The bean stalk of soybean is the stem left after soybean threshing, which can be used as firewood after drying.
Kettle: a footless pot used to cook food in ancient times.
Same root: beans grow on tofu, and beans and tofu come from the same root.
Frying: torture, cooking with fire, described here as forcing by force.
H: why?
Jinsha River is warm in the clouds and cliffs, while Dadu Bridge is cold in the hurdles.
Qilu long March
Mao Zedong
The Red Army is not afraid of expedition.
Wanshui Qian Shan is just idle.
Five ridges winding, blue waves rippling,
Wumeng is majestic, taking mud pills.
Jinsha water pats the clouds and cliffs warm,
The beams of Dadu Bridge are cold.
I prefer the snow in Minshan,
After the three armies, everyone laughed.
1935 10 month
Translate poetry
Is the Red Army afraid of the hardships of the expedition?
It's a piece of cake.
The five mountains meander slightly,
The steep Wumeng Mountain also flows under your feet like a mud ball.
The waves of Jinsha River beat the warm cliffs,
A cold iron cable bridge spans the Dadu River.
What I am most happy about is the snow in Minshan.
After that, all the soldiers of the three armed forces smiled.
Make an appreciative comment
The Long March is such a great and complicated topic. Chairman Mao condensed its landscape with a short seven-step song, which contains many thrilling, tortuous and tragic stories. The poet wrote the themes of the Long March, such as recalling Qin E's Loushanguan, three 16-character poems, Nian Nujiao Kunlun Mountain and Qingpingle Liupanshan Mountain. These poems are all about a scene, a place, and express their feelings in this way, with emphasis on the side. As can be seen from the title, this "Long March" is about the whole process and feelings of the Long March. The poet took a step from the front, wrote in all directions with a fluent pen, and the scenery changed forward. A poem with eight lines and seven methods has traveled 25 thousand miles, presenting a huge all-encompassing theme.
Nowadays, the word "Long March" has become a word with high frequency in our daily life (with rich extended meaning). This is the theme advocated by Chairman Mao and the theme of continuing the revolution. That is, "10,000 years is too long to seize the day", or stop, move on, move on, move on. Even in the early days of Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up, a slogan from the "Long March" was put forward: the CPC Central Committee called on the people of the whole country, especially the youth of the whole country, to strive to be the "vanguard of the new Long March", which was of great significance. Just like the poet Mao Zedong said after he captured Jiangshan, the Long March has just taken the first step, and comrades still have a long way to go. After the country is defeated, it will be founded. These are really similar to the Long March. In addition, in the traditional culture of China people, the Long March also means that a person should struggle all his life, strive for self-improvement and keep charging until the end of his life. Extending to all mankind, whose life is not the Long March? From this, we can imagine the radiation surface of this word and its extensive and rich significance. This is especially true in China. Not only are there "the vanguard of the New Long March", but any new leader should put forward tasks in the new period, which means the new Long March and the new struggle.
I just give a real example here to illustrate the charm of a new cultural context formed by the Long March in our life. It was the early spring of 1988, and I was in close contact with a good friend of Chongqing, Li Guang. According to him, his father is the brother of Yang's late wife. Therefore, when Yang came to Chongqing (when he was appointed president), Li Guang met his elders as a relative. When he told me this, he said (in a firm and arrogant image): "They (referring to Yang and the older generation of revolutionaries) are the old Red Army and have experienced the 25,000-mile long March. And we (referring to himself) are all experiencing the new Long March, and we are all forging our own way in the new era. Indeed, Li Guang was setting up a company, and he was also a lyrical guitarist and art song lover. He has a feeling and yearning for beauty. When he wanted to express this feeling and yearning in words, he could not help but blurt out "I am the attacker of the new Long March".
Let's slowly enter the concrete beauty of the poem "Seven Laws and Long March" to review the poet's own interpretation of the beauty of the Long March: "The Long March is the first time recorded in historical books, the Long March is a manifesto, the Long March is a propaganda team, and the Long March is a seeder. From Pangu's epoch-making, Three Emperors and Five Emperors to today, has there ever been a Long March like ours in history? In the middle of 12 months, dozens of planes spy and bomb in the sky every day, and hundreds of thousands of troops chase and intercept them underground. Along the way, we encountered untold difficulties and obstacles, but we still started everyone's feet and drove more than 20 thousand miles in 1 1 province. Excuse me, has there been a long March like ours in history? No, never. The Long March is another declaration. It declares to the whole world that the Red Army is a hero, while the imperialists and their lackeys, such as Chiang Kai-shek, are totally useless. The Long March declared imperialism and Chiang Kai-shek bankrupt. The Long March is also a propaganda team. It announced to about 200 million people in eleven provinces that only the road of the Red Army is the way to liberate them. Without this, how could the broad masses of the people know so quickly that there is such a great truth as the Red Army in the world? The Long March is also a seeder. It has spread many seeds in eleven provinces, which will sprout, grow leaves, blossom and bear fruit, and will be harvested in the future. In short, the Long March ended with our victory and the failure of the enemy. " (Quoted from Mao Zedong's On Strategies against Japanese Imperialism)
The first couplet of this poem is the forerunner of the whole poem. From the beginning, it shows that the Red Army is not afraid of difficulties and regards Qian Shan's long journey as a piece of cake. It not only says that the Red Army is not afraid of natural difficulties, but also clearly implies that the besieged enemy is not worth mentioning. For the Red Army, they are just idle people and vulnerable.
Then, the four sentences of couplet and neck couplet stand out from the vast external and internal space created by the first couplet and enter the specific details. The poet calmly told us "What is Qianshan". The poet began to get used to using his exquisite swordsmanship, beautiful and magical place names and verbs naturally. The successive appearance of a series of geographical terms such as Wuling, Wumeng, Jinsha and Daduqiao (the characteristics of Mao's poems have been discussed before, and I don't need to repeat them) not only explains the progression of stories, but also explains the emotional progression caused by psychological feelings. Artistic modeling is also extremely neat, from mountains to water. What mountain is it? "Winding" and "majestic" are mountains and mountains, but in the eyes of poets, they are like small waves and small mud balls, which are not worth mentioning. Its essence is to artistically reproduce the Red Army's disdain for all difficulties and obstacles and regard them as trivial matters. This artistic process of reappearance is realized by flowing contrast and exaggeration, with no effort, relying on years of observation of life and artistic accomplishment. So what kind of water is this? The Jinsha River water is lapping at the gentle cliffs, and the artistic conception is wonderful and the scenery itself is picturesque. The author did not give a positive description of the Jinsha River Battle here, because the situation was also urgent. On May 3rd, 1935, cadres of the Central Red Army, pursued by powerful enemy forces, crossed the Lugong winch in Yunnan. Nine days later, Kuya sneaked through the Jinsha River, annihilated the enemy on the other side and broke through the encirclement. For such a thrilling victory, the poet used symbolic synaesthesia art to hide the harsh battle, but wrote the river as cold as spring flowers. It was leisurely patting the cliff of Jiajiang, and the poet was able to express the joy of victory like spring water on the river bank. Secondly, the ice-cold iron cable bridge across the Dadu River. The Red Army's capture of Luding Bridge was the most heroic and incredible battle in the Long March. Although it is not a large-scale naval battle, it is a battle of genius and elite soldiers to show a single individual, a desperate bloody battle, and an ideal battle like a whirlwind. It is really called the Red Army Eagle flying over Luding Bridge. At that time, the Red Army had just crossed the Jinsha River, "jumped out of the circle of hundreds of thousands of enemies under siege and achieved a decisive victory in strategic shift" (Liu Bocheng's Review of the Long March). It is difficult to cross the Dadu River at once. Even Shi Dakai, a famous Taiping Heavenly Kingdom star, was defeated in the Dadu River and ended up in a tragic end. However, under the leadership of the great poet Mao Zedong, the Red Army successfully crossed the bridge in one fell swoop, that is, the eighteen warriors we were familiar with since childhood were armed to the teeth, climbed the hanging cold chain and took the enemy's bridgehead. Subsequent troops were able to cross the Dadu River along this bridge. For this earth-shattering battle, the poet only used the word "iron rope cold" to make the scene vivid and heroic. The words "warm" and "cold" in these two sentences contain endless meanings, including relaxation and competition, ups and downs and natural brilliance.
In the last two lines, the poet finally expressed his heartfelt joy after the victory of the Long March. The destination of the 25,000-mile battle has arrived, and the three armed forces are always close at hand, and the whole army is smiling. According to Chairman Mao's comment on writing1958 65438+February 2 1: "Three armies: the first, second and fourth armies of the Red Army. It is not the army, navy and air force, nor the upper, middle and lower armed forces mentioned by the State of Jin. "
The word "happier" is well used, euphemistically speaking, it refers to the ileum, almost adding joy to joy; The word "three services" is well used, which naturally has the beauty of ancient Chinese. In addition, according to Chairman Mao himself, it refers to the Red Army, the Second Army and the Fourth Army at that time. This ancient "three armed forces" adds beauty to the people of China today. Isn't it commendable that the antelope has achieved double beauty?
Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao
The fairy of the past has flown away by the yellow crane, leaving only an empty Yellow Crane Tower.
The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years.
Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water [①], and Parrot Island is a nest of herbs [②].
But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker. The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy.
Cui Hao's early poems mostly described boudoir feelings and reflected women's life. Later, I went to the frontier fortress, and the frontier fortress poems I wrote were generous and heroic, and my poetic style became bold and unrestrained. But Cui Hao's most famous poem is the Yellow Crane Tower. According to legend, this poem touched the great poet Li Bai. In the Song Dynasty, the Chronicle of Tang Poetry in Jigong made a bet on the poem Yellow Crane Tower, saying, "The legend in the world is too white:' There is no road in front of you, and Cui Hao inscribed a poem on it.' He wrote the poem Phoenix Terrace to compare the ending. Yuan Fang's Biography of Tang Caizi also recorded Li's Yellow Crane Tower, because he saw the poem, which is "Doing nothing, gathering hands to be philosophers". Of course, this legend is not necessarily true. Ji Yougong expressed his doubts behind the note. However, Li Bai's poem "On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing" is indeed similar to Cui Zuo in writing. As for his poem "Nautilus Island": "Parrots have been to Wujiang River, and Jiangshangzhou passed on the name of parrots. Parrot flies west to Longshan, he is green, the tree of Zhou Fang! Spring breeze and warm clouds bring the fragrance of orchids, and peach blossoms fall into the river to form layers of brocade waves. At this time, the relocation of guests is extremely eye-catching. Who belongs to Cheung Chau alone? " Then not only the first four sentences are similar to Cui Shi's poems in format, but also the style of the whole poem is forced to be very simple. The first volume of Ying Lu Kui Sui, written by Fang Hui in Song and Yuan Dynasties, pointed out: "Taibai's poem is a poem with great influence. It was processed in May and June, and the ending sentence contains a sigh, so it is still not very restrained." Therefore, this poem has always been highly respected. Yan Yu's Cang Lang Shi Hua in the Southern Song Dynasty holds that "Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower should be the first of seven-character poems in the Tang Dynasty." It was not until the influential Three Poems of Tang Dynasty edited by Sun Zhu in Qing Dynasty that Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower was placed in the first poem of "Seven-character Rhyme".
Of course, The Yellow Crane Tower is a masterpiece mainly because of the aesthetic implication of the poem itself.
First, the artistic beauty of combining image with reality.
The former site of the Yellow Crane Tower is in Huanggu Jitou, HuangHeshan (Snake Mountain), Wuchang. According to legend, it was built in the Wu period of the Three Kingdoms and was repeatedly destroyed and repaired. The balconies, pillow mountains and rivers in the past were magnificent and ethereal, and there were some doubts about the "Fairy Palace". According to legend, the immortal rode the yellow crane here (A Record of Qi Xie), and rode the yellow crane here every time he escaped and ascended the immortal (A Record of the Taiping Universe). The poet climbs the building and looks into the distance, imagining things. The first four sentences of the poem begin with legends, which lead to inner feelings. The scenery contains feelings and images. Immortals ride on cranes and never return. Immortals go to empty buildings, leaving only blue sky and white clouds, which are long for thousands of years. It not only contains the feeling of the passing of time and the vastness of the world, but also vaguely reveals the vastness and heroism of the Yellow Crane Tower, and the beautiful legend of the fairy crossing the crane adds magical and charming colors to the Yellow Crane Tower, which makes people daydream far and wide.
The Yellow Crane Tower is named after its Yellow Crane Mountain. The so-called "immortal riding crane" is a myth attached to the name. However, the poet skillfully uses these legends to grow out of the void, thus making this poem attractive in art. Then I wrote a real scene, and the scenery on the other side of the river is beautiful: the sunny river, the clear and numerous green trees in Hanyang, and the grass on Nautilus Island is very lush. Parrot Island in Hanyang was originally a sandbar in the Yangtze River southwest of Wuhan. Legend has it that it was named after Mi Fei wrote "Parrot Fu" here at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it was gradually washed away by the river. Today's Nautilus Island is no longer the hometown before Song Dynasty. The scenery in front of us is bright and open, full of vitality, which makes people feel relaxed and happy, and they linger, even until the sunset on the riverside and the dusk strikes. Cui Hao roamed the south. After a long absence from home, I feel homesick in the face of the heavy twilight and the boundless kitchen smoke: "But I look home, and the dusk is getting dark? There is a sad mist on the river waves. " The poet goes with the flow, which not only shows the author's rich and complicated inner feelings, but also shows the colorful natural scenery, changing feelings and changing scenery of the Yellow Crane Tower, resulting in a beautiful and moving artistic conception. As A Qing poet Shen Deqian commented on this poem in the thirteenth volume of "Collection of Tang Poems": "The meaning is like the first, and the words are written in a vertical pen, so they are good at making great achievements through the ages."
The second is the magnificent weather and colorful painting beauty.
Painting in poetry has always been regarded as an artistic standard of landscape poetry, and the Yellow Crane Tower has reached this wonderful realm. In The Legend of the Fairy Riding a Crane, the first couplet depicts a close-up view of the Yellow Crane Tower, which means that the building is surrounded by mountains and waters and the situation is magnificent. In the lyric poem lamenting that "Yellow Crane will never come to earth again", Zhuan Xu described the prospect of Yellow Crane Tower, showing the spectacular sight of towering buildings and white clouds. The beautiful scenery of the neckline directly outlines the bright sunshine on the river outside the Yellow Crane Tower. The tail couplet echoes around the beam, whispering tactfully, indirectly showing the hazy evening scene on the lower reaches of the Yellow Crane Tower. On the whole picture shown in the poem, the close view, distant view, sun view and night view of the Yellow Crane Tower appear alternately, with wonderful changes and magnificent weather. Against each other are the immortal yellow crane, the famous building resort, the blue sky and white clouds, the Qingchuan sandbar, the green trees and grass, and the sunset river, which are vivid and colorful. The whole poem is full of artistic meaning and aesthetic feeling.
Third, the musical beauty with natural timbre and clear syllables.
Rhyme has strict metrical requirements. In fact, the Yellow Crane Tower is not the standard seven laws. The fifth and sixth words in the first and second sentences are actually "Yellow Crane", the third sentence is finished with six strokes, and the fourth sentence is finished with three tones. It's almost the syntax of ancient poetry without antithesis. The words "Hanyang Tree" and "Nautilus Island" in the fifth and sixth sentences seem to be right or wrong. The reason why it is considered as the masterpiece of "Seven-character Rhyme" lies in its natural tone and clear syllables, in addition to the artistic conception and painting beauty analyzed earlier. The first four sentences of this poem are blurted out, followed by letters, in one go, and go straight down with the trend, so there is no time to take into account the metrical antithesis of the seven laws. "Although the scenery is broken on May 6, the gas is overflowing and the income is the same, so it is valuable." (For Fang's comments in the Qing Dynasty, see Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties, Volume 5. ) Because the whole poem is finished in one breath, it reads naturally and smoothly. In addition, the repeated use of disyllabic words, rhymes, reduplicated words or phrases, such as "Yellow Crane" and "Return", disyllabic phrases, reduplicated words such as "Here" and "On the River", and reduplicated words such as "Youyou", "Lili" and "Lush" all contribute to the sound of this poem.
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haha,