1, Liu. The homonym of "staying" means leaving each other. Therefore, the ancients had the custom of breaking willows to bid farewell, so "willow" means parting from sorrow. Xiaoya? Cai Wei: "Once upon a time, I was gone, and Yangliuyiyi. Now I am thinking that it is raining again. " Liu Yong's "Yulinling" contains "Where to wake up after drinking tonight, Yang Liuan, the breeze is fading away" to express the sadness of parting. In Li Bai's "Memories of Qin E", there is "Qin Louyue, Liuse year after year, Baling died of grief." This is also a way to express sadness and parting.
2. Indus. In China's classical poetry, it is a symbol of desolation and sadness. For example, Li Qingzhao's "Slow Sound" in the Song Dynasty: "The phoenix tree is raining and dripping at dusk." Xu Zaisi, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote "Double Water Diversion and Rain Fairy at Night": "A sound of Ye Qiu, a little banana and a little sorrow, dreaming of the third night." They all write their own joys and sorrows with the falling leaves of plane trees.
3. Bananas. In poetry, it is often associated with loneliness and sadness, especially parting. There is Li Qingzhao's ugly slave adding words in the Song Dynasty: "Who fills the atrium with banana trees in front of the window?" Yin is full of heart and leaves are full of love. " Pour out sadness and melancholy.
4. Running water. In China's ancient poems, water is connected with continuous sadness, conveying the sadness and sadness that life is short and fate is impermanent. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai wrote "Shu Yun, a farewell letter to Xuanzhou Xielou": "But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword, we raise our glasses to eliminate our worries. Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair tomorrow and take a fishing boat. " Liu Yuxi's "Zhi Zhu Ci": "Peach blossoms are everywhere, and the spring water in Shu hits the mountain stream. Bonuses are easy to decline like Lang Yi, and the water is endless. " Li Yu's "Waves on the Sand": "The flowing water is out of spring, and it is heaven and earth." Li Yu's Yu Meiren: "How much sorrow can there be, just like a river flowing eastward." Ouyang Xiu's Walking on the Beach in the Song Dynasty: "Sadness is getting farther and farther, as far as spring water." Qin Guan's "Jiangchengzi": "Even the riverside is full of tears, and it is endless."
5. apes. Ancient poems often express a sad mood with the help of the cries of apes. For example, Li Daoyuan, a geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty, said in his book Notes on Water Classics and Rivers: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, and the apes crow three times and touch the clothes." Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain in the Tang Dynasty: "The sky is full of wind, the apes are singing and the birds are singing, and the blue lake and white sand are returning." Zhao Wei's Yi Yangshan: "It's a pity to go home in the poor season, and the flowers will fall and the apes will cry for another year."
6. Cuckoo. In ancient mythology, Wang Di, the monarch of Shu in the late Zhou Dynasty, was forced to give way to his courtiers and live in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, his soul became a cuckoo, crying in late spring. As for the blood in his mouth, his voice is sad and touching. So the cuckoo in ancient poetry became a symbol of desolation and sadness. Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu" in the Tang Dynasty: "When I hear about it, I am worried about the empty mountain." Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip: "And what are you listening to here? ? The cuckoo bleeds, the ape whimpers. " Song Qin Guan's "Walking on the Sand": "It's like a lonely pavilion in spring, and the cuckoo is sunset." And so on, all express their sadness, desolation or homesickness with the cuckoo's whine. In addition, the sunset (sunset, sunset glow) also conveys the feeling of desolation, loss and gloom. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin's "Happy Garden Scenery": "to see the sun, for all his glory was buried in the coming night." Wang Wei's "Make it Fort": "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." Gui Zhi Xiang Jin Mausoleum Nostalgia by Wang Anshi in Song Dynasty: "Sail to the setting sun, accompanied by the west wind and the wine flag."
7, dusk, sunset. Sentimental sentiment: Li Qingzhao's "Sound Slow" "Indus raining, dripping at dusk. How can it be a sad word this time? " The evening is so cold and cheerless that poets are naturally lonely and sad. This kind of dusk sadness is often manifested in such sentimental scenes as parting, lovesickness and always being in my heart, such as "After dusk, the wine in Dongli is filled with fragrance" (Li Qingzhao's "Drunken Flowers"). The late life sighs: "It's dusk alone, and it's stormy." (Lu You "Bu Operator? Yongmei ")
The sad moral of mourning the past is: "The west wind still shines, and the Han family is lost." (Li Bai's "Recalling Qin E")
8. It is rainy and smoky in Mao Mao. The drizzle and smoke filled the air, supporting the poet's boundless melancholy and depressed mood. "Boundless silk rain is as thin as sorrow" (Qin Guan), the drizzle is continuous and the sorrow is also pervasive. "But I look home, the twilight is getting dark, and the waves on the river are filled with sad mist" (Cui Hao) I can't go home, or I don't know where my home is. The rising smoke from the kitchen makes people feel a lot of sadness.