Using allusions and allusions, that is, using things, is a rhetorical device. Quoting stories or words from ancient books is a classic. You can express relevant content and ideas in a rich and implicit way.
Expression effect: make the content of the poem concise and profound. ?
? out of stuck
Wang Changling
? It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war.
? If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan. ?
? The appreciation of "only make Longcheng fly, don't teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountain" directly expresses the desire of frontier fortress soldiers to consolidate their frontier defense and their ambition to defend their country. Some people say that Dragon City refers to Wei Qing, which plays Dragon City. It says, "Go to Dragon City and behead hundreds"; It is also said that Longcheng refers to Li Ling who passed through Longcheng all the way. Li Ling led the troops to the southeast, walked along the old road of Liuzhou for four or five days, and arrived in osawa. Lu set fire to gain the upper hand, and Ling also set fire to the army to save himself. If there were such fierce generals as the flying generals in Longcheng, the enemy cavalry would not cross the Yinshan Mountain. These two sentences are written proudly with the allusion of "Flying General of Dragon City". In other words, due to the improper employment of people by the imperial court, the generals were unqualified, which led to the situation of burning eyebrows and people's livelihood.
2. Metonymy
Metonymy, as its name implies, is to borrow one thing to replace another. Generally speaking, metonymy is a rhetorical method of borrowing people or things closely related to metonymy when speaking or writing articles, rather than directly saying what you want to express. Generally speaking, metonymy in frontier fortress poems refers to soldiers with clothes and weapons, enemy soldiers or foreign land with Chen Hu, and our army with flags.
Expression effect: the rhetorical effect of metonymy can be summarized in sixteen words: replacing complexity with simplicity, replacing emptiness with reality, replacing vulgarity with strangeness, and replacing affection with things.
Four Poems of Longxing West (Ⅱ)
Tao Chen
Tang Jun men and women fought the Huns to the death, and 5,000 troops in robes were killed in Chen Hu.
Alas, the pile of bones in Wuding River is still the husband of a young woman in my dream.
Appreciate the sable brocade. Yulin army in Han dynasty wore brocade, which means elite troops here. The troops were so excellent that 5 thousand people died, which shows the fierce fighting and heavy casualties. Used to refer to the land of Hu people.
compare
Contrast is to describe or explain two opposite things or two opposite aspects of the same thing by comparison. This writing technique is called contrast, also called contrast. The contrast techniques in frontier fortress poems are mostly the contrast between generals and soldiers, the contrast between emperors' achievements and the sufferings of the people, and of course the contrast between environmental descriptions.
Expression effect: Through comparison, the expression of the central theme is more distinct.
Liangzhou song
William Wang
Wine luminous glass, want to drink pipa right away.
Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times?
In the middle of Qin dynasty, flowers and birds had stopped, and the sandstorm outside the Great Wall was still cold.
Listening to Hu family folding willows at night reminds people of Chang 'an.
Appreciation of "Flowers and birds are in full bloom in the middle of Qin Dynasty, and the wind and sand outside the Great Wall are hesitant and cold": It is late spring, and it must be that the colorful flowering period has passed, the leaves are flourishing, and when the fruits begin to grow, the birds should also build fragrant nests and compete for food and brood. But the Great Wall is still windy, dusty and cold. Comparing the spring scenery in the middle of Qin with the cold outside the Great Wall, it highlights the cold endured by the frontier fortress soldiers, and evokes the infinite yearning for their hometown.
depart
Expression effect: Most of the contrast techniques in frontier fortress poems use environmental descriptions to compare the tragic, hard or military emergencies on the battlefield.
Join the army (5)
Wang Changling
The desert is foggy, and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen.
The former army fought in Taohe River overnight, and it was reported that Tuguhun was captured alive.
Appreciate the first sentence or the second sentence of the poem, "The desert is dusty and the sun is dim, and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen". Use inverted sentences to describe the situation that the defenders are ordered to March and March. "The desert is dusty and the sun is weak" does not mean that it is getting late, but that the wind and sand cover the sky. But this not only shows the violent climate, but also appears as a background, which naturally plays a role in setting off and hinting at the military situation. In this case, Tang Jun didn't take the initiative to go out, but closed Yuanmen, passive defense. In order to reduce the strong resistance of the wind and speed up the March, the soldiers marched with half a roll of red flags. In Dust in the Desert, these two sentences have rendered a powerful force under the guidance of a red flag. It seems natural not to show off, but this army is like a sword, pointing directly at the enemy camp. This makes the reader's heartstrings tense and makes people feel that a fierce battle is coming. The athlete who runs wildly in the desert will perform a thrilling scene.
5. The combination of reality and reality
Expression effect: use imagination to expand the content of poetry and form a time-space contrast.
Liangzhou Ci (I)
Ji Zhang
Border town, geese fly low at dusk, asparagus gradually gathers.
Countless clocks have passed the cymbals, so you have to carry them to Anxi.
The river flowing through the Phoenix River flows eastward, and Pennisetum and Ulmus pumila have been growing for sixty years.
The soldiers in the border town suffered from the mercy of the Lord, but no one knew how to recapture Liangzhou.
Appreciate the third sentence, "Countless bells pass by the moraine", which is about a group of camels carrying goods moving slowly in the desert, but there are no images of camels and escorts in the sentence, only camel bells coming from the desert. This is a wonderful application of the combination of reality and reality, conveying the shadow with sound and seeing the shape with sound. The long camel procession passed through the desert far away, and the camel bells made a pleasant sound, which reminded people of the prosperity of the Silk Road in the past. Now Anxi is under the control of Tubo, and the camel caravan has been unable to reach Anxi. Expressed the bitter and painful feelings for the helplessness of the Tang Dynasty.
Speak your mind.
Expression effect: express emotions directly, which is true and strong and shocking.
join the army
Yang Jiong
The flames of bonfires in Kyoto, Chang 'an City, crude gas oil.
Leaving the palace, the general will assume the command; Surrounding the enemy and attacking the city, the elite cavalry are extremely brave.
The heavy snow darkened the color; The wind roared and the drums rang.
I'd rather be a junior officer to fight for my country than a white-faced scholar who only engraved his chapter.
Appreciate the ending couplet of this poem: "Better be a centurion than a scholar." Express the lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments of the scholars who joined the army to protect the border and defend the country. The hard and fierce fighting increased his love for this extraordinary life. He would rather be a junior officer galloping on the battlefield and fighting to defend the frontier than a scholar in his study. Expressed the poet's pure heart of serving the country.