What are the aesthetic characteristics of poetic artistic conception? What's the difference between drama and drama literature? How to understand that novel is a genre of narrative literature?

The so-called "artistic conception" is the realm and artistic conception expressed by the author through image description in poetry and prose, and it is the image of combining scene with reality in lyric works. At the same time, it also includes the aesthetic imagination space induced and developed by the author. Artistic conception is a unique poetic and aesthetic term of China, and it is also China's contribution to the world. There is no "artistic conception" in the literary theory of western countries. However, novels and essays in western countries have artistic conception. For example, the creation of the environmental atmosphere of Thornfield Manor in Jane Eyre is a kind of artistic conception. In China, the source of artistic conception theory can be traced back to pre-Qin philosophy. For example, Lao Tzu's theory of "elephant invisibility" actually refers to artistic conception. "Jing" or "Jing" originally refers to the realm that practitioners can achieve through enlightenment of Buddhism, and refers to Buddhist scriptures, which were borrowed from poetics in the Southern Dynasties. For example, Liu Xie's comments on the poem "Carving Dragons and Hiding Show in the Literary Mind" have the language of "deep approval", indicating that the theory of artistic conception has begun to take shape. The word "artistic conception" was first coined in Wang Changling's poems. In the Tang Dynasty, Jiao Ran put forward the theory of "taking context" in his Poems, that is, from context and thinking. Quan Deyu put forward the theory of "harmony between thought and environment". Si Kongtu's poems put forward the theory that "the environment is born outside the image". Liu Yuxi developed the theory that "the environment is born outside the image". Yan Yu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, put forward the theory of "incoherent words and endless meanings" in Cang Shi Lang Hua, and discussed the formation of artistic conception theory. In the late Qing Dynasty, Wang Guowei's "Thorns on Earth" was a masterpiece. Wang Guowei said: "The realm is not only the scenery, but also the joys and sorrows, which is also one of the realms in people's minds. Therefore, what can describe the scenery and have true feelings is called the realm; Otherwise, it is called no realm. " "The beauty of the article can also be summed up in one sentence, saying: there is artistic conception. Why is it artistic? Say: it is refreshing to write feelings, and the scenery is in people's eyes and ears, as it says. " Zong Baihua, a contemporary literary theorist, said: "Artistic conception is the crystallization of emotion and scene." To sum up, artistic conception is the artistic realm of "emotion comes from the environment and scenery melts into the environment"

According to Tong Qingbing's definition, the relationship between artistic conception and image can be seen as follows: first, image is a typical expressive image, a subjective image, and it is perceptible, real and concrete; Artistic conception is a kind of realm and artistic conception, which is expressed or induced by images. It is understandable, abstract and an atmosphere. Secondly, images or the combination of images constitute artistic conception, and images are the means or ways to constitute artistic conception. Correctly grasping both requires imagination, that is, thinking in images. In other words, in literary creation, image is always the first, and artistic conception is the last. There are images in the author's mind first, and then they are combined into an artistic conception.

"Image" and "artistic conception" are two easily confused concepts. There are similarities between them, but they belong to two different aesthetic categories with their own unique connotations and aesthetic characteristics. At the same time, there is an inclusive relationship between artistic conception and image, and the infinite tension of image forms the infinite charm of artistic conception as a whole, and the formation of artistic conception contains many objective images. They are complementary, complementary and interdependent. In other words, without images, it is difficult to combine and merge into an artistic conception; And if there is no artistic conception, those images are just scattered sand and have no soul. The difference between them is that:

First, image is an artistic image implied by image, and artistic conception is an artistic atmosphere born from implied image. For example, Bai Pu's "Qiu Si" says: "The sunset in the lonely village, the smoke from the old tree in west Western jackdaw, and a small flying gull in the shadow. Green mountains and green waters, white grass, green leaves and yellow flowers. " * * * The juxtaposition of 12 images, although also vividly presents gorgeous autumn pictures, is not full of profound emotions. Without the natural integration of "emotion and scenery" and "emotion and reason", it is impossible to form an "aesthetic space" that "induces" people's imagination, and it is certainly difficult to impress people without artistic conception. Look at Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si", which is a masterpiece with beautiful artistic conception through the organic combination of a group of images: a dead vine, an old tree, a faint crow, a small bridge, a mobile family, an ancient road, a thin horse, a sunset and a heartbroken man at the end of the world. This Sanqu creates a sad mood that wanderers can't miss home. In order to complete the creation of this artistic conception, the author constructs images such as "dead vines, old trees, faint crows, ancient roads, westerly winds, thin horses, sunset, heartbroken people and the end of the world", and directly links these noun images, creating a sad atmosphere, namely artistic conception. Through these two poems, we can feel the sharp difference between image and artistic conception.

Second, the image is real, and the artistic conception is illusory charm and meaning. For example, Haizi's diary was a poem he wrote in Delingha, Qinghai. If those images are picked out, they are Delingha (place name), Gobi, grassland, sisters, tears, desolate cities and so on. However, through these images, the author combined them one by one and expressed his thoughts about "Sister". Please look at the original poem: "Sister, I am in Delingha tonight, and the night is shrouded. Sister, I only have Gobi tonight. At the end of the grassland, my hands are empty. I can't keep a tear when I am sad. Sister, I am in Delingha tonight, which is a desolate city in the rain. Except those who pass by and live. Delingha ... tonight, this is the only and last lyric; This is the only, last, grassland. I gave the stone back to the stone and let the victory win. Hanger-on belongs to herself tonight. Everything is growing. I only have beautiful Gobi sky tonight. Sister, I don't care about humans tonight, I just want you. " From this poem of Haizi, we can see that the image is realistic; At the same time, we can see that the charm of artistic conception is a blurred world.

Thirdly, artistic conception is the ultimate goal of artistic creation pursued by writers, and images are only the means and materials to create artistic conception. The image construction without artistic conception is an unsuccessful and powerless image; The artistic conception without images is dull and tasteless, and it is difficult to give people aesthetic feeling. The writer's lifelong goal is to create an artistic image, that is, to create an immortal artistic conception. However, the creation of any artistic conception is not fabricated out of thin air, but based on images. Look at Yaxian's poem "Qiu Ge" again: "The fallen leaves have done their last trembling, and the flowers have disappeared into the blue eyes of the lake. The sound of anvil in July is far away and warm. Swallows are not in the autumn sky near Liaoning, so they wrote their beautiful sonnets, which are warm. The horseshoe left a remnant flower on a hill road in the south. The singer left a broken rhyme. In the faint temples in the north, there is nothing left of Qiu Qiu. Leaving only a warmth, leaving only a warmth. Everything is left. " The success of this poem lies in creating an autumn mood. Here is a sketch of autumn, with warm feelings for the characters. A series of images such as "fallen leaves, flowers, lakes and marshes, anvil sounds, geese, autumn sky, horseshoes, mountain paths and temples" are combined into an autumn artistic conception. Here, image is material, artistic conception is the ultimate goal and the highest pursuit.

In a word, image and artistic conception are closely related and slightly different. The so-called difference is summed up as follows: when creating, there is always an image first, then an artistic conception; Image is the means and material, artistic conception is the illusory artistic atmosphere, and it is the ultimate goal pursued by writers. The two support each other, complement each other and complement each other.