Three miscellaneous poems
Wang Wei
I live by the river, with the door facing the mouth.
There are often ships from the south of the Yangtze River. Do you send the book home?
You have just come from our hometown, and we must understand the world.
Did the plum blossom when you came to the engraved window of my house?
I have seen cold plum hair and heard birds singing.
Looking forward to spring grass, I am afraid of jade steps.
Introduction to ancient poetry
Three Miscellaneous Poems is a set of five-character quatrains written by Wang Wei to express the lovesickness of men and women after their separation, imitating the folk songs of Yuefu in the south of the Yangtze River. The first song describes a boudoir who yearns for the distant future and looks forward to a book. The second song describes how a wanderer misses his family and asks people in his hometown about his family. The third song, write the words in Sifu's reply to her husband. It is not a matter of carving to write down three poems with deep affection, or to express one's feelings directly or to send one's feelings to one's heart.
Translation/translation
First of all, my family lives by the Jin Meng River, which is opposite to Jin Meng Ferry. There are Jiangnan boats every day along the Yangtze River. Is there any letter from her husband from Jiangnan?
Second: You just came from our hometown, so you must know the way of the world in your hometown. Excuse me, did Chimonanthus praecox bloom in front of my carving window when you came?
Third, I saw the plum blossoms in bloom, and I heard the birds calling. A sad heart watched the spring grass grow, and the more and more lush spring grass was going to be connected to the front of the steps, so I couldn't help but be afraid.
To annotate ...
(1) Jinmeng River: refers to the south bank of the Yellow River north of Luoyang, Henan. It is the land of "the king of Wu attacked 800 princes" and an ancient traffic artery.
Jun: You are the respectful name of the other party.
⑶ Hometown: Hometown, here refers to the author's hometown.
(4) Tomorrow: When you come.
5] transom: a window engraved with patterns.
[6] Cold plum: plum blossom in winter.
(7) Has it blossomed? Has it blossomed? There are (zhuó) flowers, which bloom. Not, used at the end of the sentence, is equivalent to "no" and expresses doubt.
⑻ Yujie: Ten Thousand Poems of Tang Poetry is the previous step.
Appreciation/appreciation
First, this poem starts from triggering and association to develop emotional activities. The heroine lives near the ferry, and ships pass by the door every day; So she thought there might be a boat in the south of the Yangtze River. My husband has been away from home for a long time in Jiangnan. Since there is a Jiangnan boat, there may be a letter sent back by her husband from Jiangnan. She may lean against the door several times a day. Whenever I see a ship moored at the ferry, I can't help asking questions, but the result is always disappointing. In the poem, there is always a boat in Jiangnan, which means there is always no letter. However, the protagonist still pinned his hopes on the next ship. She thought: maybe the letter has been sent and is on the way, so the ending of the poem "not at home" is the hope of the young woman's disillusionment and resurrection.
Secondly, this poem expresses the author's interests and tendencies. It is natural for poets to miss their hometown; Another example is plum blossom, which is beyond words.
The lyric hero in the poem ("I", not necessarily the author) is a person who has lived in a foreign land for a long time. Suddenly, he met an old friend from his hometown. The first thing that aroused him was a strong homesickness, eager to know the scenery and personnel of his hometown. The first two sentences vividly express this feeling of "I" in a form close to the natural state of life without modification. The word "hometown" appears repeatedly, which shows homesickness: "You should know", but at the same time, it shows the feelings of eager to know the countryside, revealing a kind of innocence and kindness. Simply describing my feelings, psychology, demeanor and tone in a specific situation is actually a very frugal pen and ink.
As for "things in my hometown", we can make a long list of questions. In the early Tang Dynasty, Wang Ji wrote an article "Asking about meeting fellow villagers in Jingsi's hometown", from friends and old children, clan brothers and nephews, old gardens and new trees, the width of Mao Zhai, the density of willows, to the flowers in the garden, which is still unfinished. But the "I" in this poem put aside these things and asked alone: When you passed my silk window, did the plum blossom bloom the first cold flower? ? As if the hometown is memorable, it is the cold plum in front of the window. This is very unnatural. But this is not a pose.
A person's nostalgia for his hometown is always associated with people, events and things closely related to his previous life. The so-called "homesickness" is a kind of "thinking in images", which appears in the minds of homesick people and is a concrete image or picture. Friends and relatives in my hometown, mountains and rivers, customs and customs are all worth remembering. However, it is often some seemingly trivial things that cause cordial nostalgia, such as the cold plum in front of the window. It may contain intimate and interesting events in family life in those days. Therefore, this cold plum is no longer a natural thing, but a symbol of hometown. It's poetic and typical. So this cold plum naturally became the concentrated sustenance of my homesickness. In this sense, it is completely in line with the logic of life to ask for opening its first cold flower? One person.
There are often such unpretentious and poetic works in ancient poetry. It seems so simple that it doesn't need any skills, but it actually contains the most advanced skills. A poem like Han Mei, through special embodiment, is a typical skill, but this skill embodies a plain and homely form. This is the so-called combination of cleverness and simplicity. Wang Ji's poem "Ask a Villager who Meditates His Hometown" may be simpler than this poem, but its series of questions are far less artistic than Wang Wei's.
"You come from my motherland, tell me what happened! "This sentence seems to be asking about hometown, but the poet only asks about" hometown "in general, and he doesn't know where to start with the questions in his heart. This sentence describes the poet's hesitation and the other's surprise. When you passed my window, did the plum blossom bloom its first cold flower? ? This question confuses the other party, asking about things rather than personnel, but it is this question that is interesting and memorable. In fact, the poet's real purpose is where the plum blossom is. I don't know where to start with what the poet wants to say and ask, but his homesickness lies in this casual question.
Thirdly, with the advancement of time sequence and the change of phenology, this poem deepens the hero's emotion. The sentence "I have seen Han Mei" is an echo of the last song "Asked Han Mei". This sentence is a deep resentment against the heroine's disappointment. Because of time, I can't keep my promise as scheduled. At this time, in the eyes of the heroine, the cold plum blossom hair has changed from the light of hope to the color of disillusionment. Not only that. Even this spring, which symbolizes youth and love, has undergone a qualitative change. Plum blossoms are in full bloom, and early spring is over. Birds are singing, and mid-spring is over. This is the late spring season when grass grows in Fei Ying. With the passage of the festival sequence, the heroine's mood changed from boredom to melancholy all day long, even crying for flowers and sad for the moon. Before, she felt that one day had passed and she was one day closer to the realization of her good wishes. Now I am completely rebellious: the faster time passes, the more disillusioned I am, just like a raging river, I can't do anything. At this time, birds singing and spring grass became the opposite of the protagonist's emotions. The poet said that the heroine "looked at the spring grass" was sad. She was startled when she saw that more and more lush spring grass was about to connect to the front of the steps.