Contents 1 Pinyin 2 Overview 3 Alias ??of Gardenia 4 Prescription name of Gardenia 5 Source 6 Original plant form 7 Origin 8 Harvesting and initial processing 9 Crude drug properties 10 Preparation of Gardenia 10.1 Gardenia’s Processing method 10.1.1 Gardenia 10.1.2 Fried gardenia 10.1.3 Burnt gardenia 10.1.4 Gardenia charcoal 10.2 Finished product properties 10.3 Processing effect 10.4 Processing research 10.4.1 Effect on chemical composition 10.4.2 Effect on pharmacological effects 10.4.3 Process research 10.5 Storage method 11 Meridian distribution of nature and flavor 12 Efficacy and indications of gardenia 13 Chemical composition of gardenia 14 Pharmacopoeia standard of gardenia 14.1 Product name 14.2 Source 14.3 Character 14.4 Identification 14.5 Inspection 14.5.1 Moisture 14.5.2 General Ash content 14.6 Content determination 14.6.1 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test 14.6.2 Preparation of reference solution 14.6.3 Preparation of test solution 14.6.4 Determination method 14.7 Gardenia slices 14.7.1 Processing 14.7.1.1 Gardenia 14.7 .1.1.1 Identification, inspection and content determination 14.7.1.2 Fried gardenia 14.7.1.2.1 Content determination 14.7.1.2.2 Identification and inspection 14.7.2 Nature, flavor and meridians 14.7.3 Function and indications 14.7.4 Usage and Dosage 14.7.5 Storage 14.8 Source 15 References attached: 1 Prescriptions using the traditional Chinese medicine Huang Gardenia 2 Chinese patent medicines using the traditional Chinese medicine Huang Gardenia 3 Huang Gardenia in ancient books This is a redirect entry, ***enjoyed Gardenia content. For the convenience of reading, the gardenia in the following text has been automatically replaced by yellow gardenia. You can click here to restore the original appearance, or use the note method to display 1 Pinyin
huáng zhī zǐ 2 Overview
黄 Gardenia
Gardenia jasminoides is the name of the Chinese medicine, which is Gardenia jasminoides as described in "Treatise on Properties of Medicine". It is the dried and mature fruit of Gardenia ja *** inoides Ellis, a plant in the Rubiaceae family [1]. Yellow gardenia is oblong or oval in shape, 1.5 to 3.5cm long and 1 to 1.5cm in diameter. The surface is reddish-yellow or brownish-red, with 6 wing-like longitudinal ribs. There is often an obvious longitudinal vein pattern between the ribs, and there are branches. The sepals remain at the top, the base is slightly pointed, and the fruit stem remains. The peel is thin, crisp, and slightly shiny; the inner surface is lighter, shiny, and has 2 to 3 raised false septa. There are many seeds, flat and oval, gathered into balls, dark red or red-yellow, with dense wart-like protrusions on the surface. The smell is slight and the taste is slightly sour and bitter. The surface of fried yellow gardenia is dark yellow or tan [1]. The surface of the gardenia is burnt yellow [1]. The surface of yellow gardenia charcoal is dark brown or burnt black [1].
Yellow gardenia has a bitter taste and cold nature [1]. Guixin, Lung, and Triple Burner Meridians [1]. It has the functions of purging fire and removing troubles, clearing away heat and dampness, cooling blood and detoxifying; external use can reduce swelling and relieve pain. It is used for the treatment of fever, upset, damp-heat jaundice, stranguria syndrome, astringent pain, blood-heat vomiting, red and swollen eyes, fire-toxic sores; external treatment of sprains and contusions. It is often used for febrile diseases with high fever, damp-heat jaundice, damp-heat gonorrhea, sores and swelling; external treatment of sprains and falls [1]. The functions of stir-fried yellow gardenia are similar to that of burnt gardenia. Stir-fried yellow gardenia is slightly more bitter and cold than burnt gardenia. Generally, those with severe heat can use fried yellow gardenia, and those with weak spleen and stomach can use burnt gardenia [1]. Both have the function of clearing away heat and removing troubles [1]. It is often used for heat depression, upset, liver heat and red eyes [1]. Gardenia charcoal is good at cooling blood and stopping bleeding, and is mostly used for hematemesis, hemoptysis, hemoptysis, epistaxis, hematuria, metrorrhagia, etc.[1]
The "Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" (2010 edition) records the pharmacopoeia standards of this traditional Chinese medicine. 3 Alias ??of yellow gardenia
Gardenia, Shanzhizi, Dahongwei. 4 Prescription names for yellow gardenia
Yellow gardenia, mountain gardenia, gardenia, fried yellow gardenia, burnt yellow gardenia, yellow gardenia charcoal [1]. 5 Sources
Yellow gardenia is the dried and mature fruit of Gardenia ja *** inoides Ellis [1] of the Rubiaceae plant. 6 Original plant form
Evergreen shrub, up to 2m high.
The leaves are opposite or whorled with 3 leaves, leathery, oblong or obovate-lanceolate, 5-14cm long, 2-7cm wide, entire margin; 2 stipules, usually connected into a tube shape to surround the branchlets. Flowers solitary at branch ends or leaf axils, white, fragrant; calyx green, cylindrical; corolla tall and saucer-shaped, with 5 or more lobes; ovary inferior. The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from August to November. 7 Origin
It is cultivated in most parts of the country. There are wild ones all over the south, growing on hillsides and roadsides. Distributed in Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Sichuan. 8 Harvesting and initial processing
Harvest from September to November when the fruits are mature and turn red and yellow. Remove the fruit stems and impurities, steam them to steam or put them in boiling water for a while, take them out and dry them [1]. 9 Crude drug properties
Yellow gardenia is oval or oval in shape, 1.5 to 3.5cm long and 1 to 1.5cm in diameter. The surface is reddish-yellow or brownish-red, with 6 wing-like longitudinal ribs. There is often an obvious longitudinal vein pattern between the ribs, and there are branches. The sepals remain at the top, the base is slightly pointed, and the fruit stem remains. The peel is thin, crisp, and slightly shiny; the inner surface is lighter, shiny, and has 2 to 3 raised false septa. There are many seeds, flat and oval, gathered into balls, dark red or red-yellow, with dense wart-like protrusions on the surface. The smell is slight and the taste is slightly sour and bitter. ("The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" (2010 Edition)) 10 Preparation of Huang Gardenia
In the Han Dynasty, there was a method of preparation ("Annotations on Febrile Diseases") [1].
In the Jin Dynasty, there were methods of frying charcoal and burning the powder ("Emergency Prescription")[1].
In the Liu and Song Dynasties of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a licorice water system ("Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun") [1].
There was a method of roasting in the Tang Dynasty ("A Thousand Gold Prescriptions for Emergency") [1].
In the Song Dynasty, cooking methods such as "simmering until crispy, mixed with light frying" ("Taiping Shenghui Prescription"), and ginger juice until browned ("Yanbao Miscellaneous Records") were added [1].
In the Yuan Dynasty, it was proposed that "fried food will be very black" ("Danxi Heart Method") and steaming ("Effective Prescriptions of World Medical Doctors") [1].
There were many cooking methods in the Ming Dynasty, including stir-frying, boiling ("Puji Prescription"), paper wrapping and simmering ("Wonderful Prescription"), soaking in wine ("Surgical Cases"), and stir-frying with children's stool ("Introduction to Medicine"), honey making ("Longevity and Preservation"), salt-fried black ("Song's Secretary of Women's Department"), fried coke ("Jingyue Complete Book"), wine washing ("Examining Yao Han"), etc. Processing method[1].
In the Qing Dynasty, many auxiliary ingredients were used, including stir-frying with wine ("Surgery Dacheng"), stir-frying with ginger juice ("Ben Jing Feng Yuan"), stir-frying with black medicine and stir-frying with puhuang ("Depui Materia Medica") [1]. At the same time, there are also many discussions on the effects of processing, such as "Use raw to relieve fire, stir-fry black to stop bleeding, stir-fry with ginger juice to relieve vomiting, use kernels for internal heat, and use skin for external heat" ("Compendium of Materia Medica"); "Poop for children with gonorrhea" Stir-fry, stir-fry with salt water to reduce deficiency fire, stir-fry with ginger juice to relieve stomach fire and pain, stir-fry with black herbs for heat pain, stir-fry puhuang to clear stomach and blood" ("Depei Materia Medica") [1].
The main cooking methods now include frying, frying, and frying with charcoal [1]. 10.1 Preparation method of yellow gardenia 10.1.1 Yellow gardenia
Take the raw medicinal materials, remove impurities and crush them [1]. 10.1.2 Stir-fried yellow gardenia
Take the broken pieces of yellow gardenia, place them in a frying container, heat over slow fire, stir-fry until dark yellow, take out and let cool [1]. 10.1.3 Browned Gardenia
Take pieces of yellow Gardenia, place them in a frying container, heat over medium heat, fry until brown, take out and let cool [1]. 10.1.4 Yellow Gardenia Charcoal
Take yellow gardenia pieces and place them in a frying container. Heat them over high fire until they are dark brown. Spray a little water to extinguish the sparks and take them out to dry [1]. 10.2 Properties of the finished product
Yellow gardenia is in the shape of irregular pieces [1]. The surface is red-yellow or brown-red [1]. The peel is thin, crisp and slightly shiny[1]. The seeds are flat and oval, red and yellow [1]. The taste is slightly sour and bitter[1].
The surface of fried yellow gardenia is dark yellow or tan [1].
The surface of burnt yellow gardenia is burnt yellow[1].
The surface of yellow gardenia charcoal is dark brown or burnt black[1]. 10.3 Processing effect
Gardenia jasminoides is good at purging fire and promoting dampness, cooling blood and detoxifying[1]. It is often used for febrile diseases with high fever, damp-heat jaundice, damp-heat gonorrhea, sores and swelling; external treatment of sprains and falls [1]. For example, Huang Zhizi Ren Decoction ("Bu Ju Ji") can be used to treat febrile disease, high fever, irritability, coma and delirium, Yin Chen Hao Decoction ("Annotations on Febrile Diseases") to treat damp-heat jaundice, and can be used to treat bruises, bruises and pain. Grind yellow gardenia into powder and mix with flour and rice wine for application [1].
Yellow Gardenia has a very bitter and cold nature, which can easily damage the Qi, and is harmful to the stomach. People with weak spleen and stomach are prone to vomiting after taking it. This disadvantage can be eliminated by frying it [1]. The functions of stir-fried yellow gardenia are similar to that of burnt gardenia. Stir-fried yellow gardenia is slightly more bitter and cold than burnt gardenia. Generally, those with severe heat can use fried yellow gardenia, and those with weak spleen and stomach can use burnt gardenia [1]. Both have the function of clearing away heat and removing troubles [1]. It is often used for heat depression, upset, liver heat and red eyes [1]. Such as treating fever, upset, bloating, eyes, shyness and difficulty in opening [1].
Gardenia charcoal is good at cooling blood and stopping bleeding, and is often used for vomiting blood, hemoptysis, hemoptysis, epistaxis, hematuria, metrorrhagia, etc.[1]
Such as Shi Hui Powder ("Ten Medicine God Book") [1]. 10.4 Processing research
Gardenia contains geniposide, gardenoside, shanzhiside, and gardenoside ) and other iridoid glycosides as well as various organic acids such as ursolic acid and chlorogenic acid [1]. 10.4.1 Effect on chemical components
(1) Effect on geniposide: Using geniposide in Gardenia jasminoides as an indicator, thin-layer scanning method was used to analyze Gardenia jasminoides and its processed products. Analyze and compare [1]. Experimental results show that geniposide is mainly concentrated in the kernels of yellow gardenia, and the content of yellow gardenia shell is quite low; the content of geniposide in fried yellow gardenia and
burned yellow gardenia has decreased. Burnt yellow gardenia is more obvious than fried yellow gardenia [1]. High-performance liquid chromatography was also used to measure it, and the results were similar to the above. At the same time, it was measured that the content of gardeniposide dropped significantly after charcoal frying [1].
(2) Effect on ursolic acid: The study on ursolic acid used thin layer scanning method to analyze and compare the raw products of Gardenia jasminoides and different processed products. The results showed that the raw products of Gardenia jasminoides. There is no significant difference in the content of ursolic acid among fried products, stir-fried products, stir-fried products, roasted ginger products, and baked products 1 to 4 (baking temperatures are 125°C, 150°C, 175°C, and 200C). (Baking temperature 200°C) The ursolic acid content is significantly lower than that of raw products [1]. 10.4.2 Effect on pharmacological effects
(1) Effect on bilirubin: Gardenia jasminoides slightly inhibits the amount of bilirubin in the blood of rabbits after the common bile duct is ligated. There is not much difference between raw yellow gardenia and burnt yellow gardenia [1].
(2) Hemostatic effect: Both raw gardenia and burnt gardenia can significantly shorten the blood coagulation time when injected into rabbits at a dose of 1.5g; while at a dose of 0.75g, raw gardenia It still has an effect, but Jiaoshan Gardenia has no such effect [1].
(3) Antipyretic effect: For rabbits with fever caused by injection of yeast solution, raw Gardenia has an obvious antipyretic effect, while Jiaoshan Gardenia has no such effect [1].
(4) Anti-inflammatory effect: The anti-inflammatory effect of raw yellow gardenia is the strongest. The anti-inflammatory effect of yellow gardenia after being processed by different methods is significantly weakened, and as the temperature rises, the anti-inflammatory effect gradually decreases. reduce[1]. When the temperature exceeds 175°C, the anti-inflammatory effect disappears [1]. The main reason why the anti-inflammatory effect of Gardenia jasminoides disappears after heating and processing is that genipin is destroyed or decomposed by heat [1].
(5) Effect on gastric acid secretion and pepsin activity: Gardenia decoction has a significant inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion and pepsin activity. After being processed in different ways, the inhibitory effect weakens or disappears. [1].
(6) Hepatoprotective effect: The raw product of Gardenia jasminoides has an obvious effect against acute liver poisoning in animals caused by CCl4. After being processed by different methods, the hepatoprotective effect is reduced [1]. Preliminary experiments suggest that if Gardenia jasminoides is used for acute jaundice hepatitis, the raw product should be used [1].
It is also reported that raw Gardenia and Jiaoshan Gardenia have similar antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and diphtheriae; they also have inhibitory effects on hemolytic Streptococcus, Typhi, and Paratyphoid. Raw Gardenia is better; Jiaoshan Gardenia has a slightly stronger effect on Shigella dysenteriae than raw yellow Gardenia. This is consistent with Chinese medicine using Jiaoshan Gardenia for people with loose stools [1]. 10.4.3 Process Research
A study was conducted on whether the roasting method can replace the frying method. The content of gardeniposide in raw yellow gardenia, Jiaoweizi and roasted yellow gardenia was compared. From the quantitative results, , there is no significant difference in gardeniposide between baked and burnt products [1]. Judging from the δ values ??of the sample extracts processed by two different processing methods, the δ baking value is smaller than the δ coke value, indicating that the results obtained by using the baking method are relatively constant and easy to control quality [1]. Examining the effects of processing yellow gardenia charcoal at different temperatures on the chemical composition, the results show that after processing yellow gardenia, both gardeniposide and tannins have significant changes. As the temperature increases, the content of gardeniposide decreases. When the processing temperature After the temperature is higher than 180°C, the content decreases significantly, indicating that when the melting point temperature of gardeniposide is exceeded (162°C ~ 164°C), the glycoside is seriously decomposed [1]. The tannin content increases with the increase of temperature, but when it is higher than 200℃, the tannin content decreases and most of them are carbonized [1]. Therefore, it is believed that the temperature of fried yellow gardenia should be controlled between 160°C and 200°C [1]. 10.5 Storage method
Store in a dry container, sealed, in a ventilated and dry place [1]. 11 Meridian tropism of nature and flavor
Yellow Gardenia has a bitter taste and cold nature [1]. Guixin, Lung, and Triple Burner Meridians [1]. 12 Efficacy and Indications of Yellow Gardenia
Yellow Gardenia has the functions of purging fire and removing troubles, clearing away heat and dampness, cooling blood and detoxifying; it can be used externally to reduce swelling and relieve pain. It is used for the treatment of fever, upset, damp-heat jaundice, stranguria syndrome, astringent pain, blood-heat vomiting, red and swollen eyes, fire-toxic sores; external treatment of sprains and contusions. ("Chinese People's Pharmacopoeia" (2010 edition))
Yellow gardenia has the functions of purging fire and removing troubles, clearing away heat and diuresis, cooling blood and detoxifying [1].
Gardenia jasminoides is good at purging fire and promoting dampness, cooling blood and detoxifying[1]. It is often used for febrile diseases with high fever, damp-heat jaundice, damp-heat gonorrhea, sores and swelling; external treatment of sprains and falls [1].
For example, Huang Zhizi Ren Decoction ("Bu Ju Ji") can be used to treat febrile disease, high fever, irritability, coma and delirium, Yin Chen Hao Decoction ("Annotations on Febrile Diseases") to treat damp-heat jaundice, and can be used to treat bruises, bruises and pain. Grind yellow gardenia into powder and mix with flour and rice wine for application [1].
The functions of stir-fried yellow gardenia are similar to that of burnt gardenia. Stir-fried yellow gardenia is slightly more bitter and cold than burnt gardenia. Generally, those with severe heat can use fried yellow gardenia, and those with weak spleen and stomach can use burnt yellow gardenia. sub[1]. Both have the function of clearing away heat and removing troubles [1]. It is often used for heat depression, upset, liver heat and red eyes [1]. Such as treating fever, upset, bloating, eyes, shyness and difficulty in opening [1].
Gardenia charcoal is good at cooling blood and stopping bleeding, and is often used for vomiting blood, hemoptysis, hemoptysis, epistaxis, hematuria, metrorrhagia, etc.[1] Such as Shi Hui Powder ("Ten Medicine God Book") [1].
Gardenia jasminoides is commonly used in ophthalmology as a heat-clearing and purgative medicine. It has the effects of purging fire and removing troubles, clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, cooling blood and detoxifying:
(1) Used for a variety of heat-related diseases For eye diseases, yellow gardenia can clear and purge the triple burner fire evil. It is often used in combination with other heat-clearing drugs.
(2) It is used for eye diseases such as tight pupils, star clustering and other eye diseases caused by damp-heat in the liver and gallbladder. It is often combined with gentian grass, such as gentian Xiegan decoction.
(3) Used for white eye hemorrhage, hyphema, heel hemorrhage, etc. caused by blood heat. Gardenia has the effect of cooling blood and stopping bleeding. It is often used together with grass root and rehmannia glutinosa. 13 The chemical composition of gardenia
Contains geniposide, gardenoside, shanzhiside, gardoside, yellow Gardenia acid (geriposidic acid), gardenin (gardenin), crocin1 (crocin1), crocetin, scandoside methyl ester, etc. 14 Pharmacopoeia Standards for Yellow Gardenia 14.1 Product Name
Yellow Gardenia
Zhizi
GARDENIAE FRUCTUS 14.2 Source
This product is from the Rubiaceae family The dried ripe fruits of the plant Gardenia ja ***inoides Ellis. Harvest the fruits from September to November when they are mature and turn red-yellow. Remove the fruit stems and impurities, steam them until they become airy or blanch them slightly in boiling water, take them out and dry them. 14.3 Characteristics
This product is oval or oval in shape, 1.5 to 3.5cm long and 1 to 1.5cm in diameter. The surface is reddish-yellow or brownish-red, with 6 wing-like longitudinal ribs. There is often an obvious longitudinal vein pattern between the ribs, and there are branches. The sepals remain at the top, the base is slightly pointed, and the fruit stem remains. The peel is thin, crisp, and slightly shiny; the inner surface is lighter, shiny, and has 2 to 3 raised false septa. There are many seeds, flat and oval, gathered into balls, dark red or red-yellow, with dense wart-like protrusions on the surface. The smell is slight and the taste is slightly sour and bitter. 14.4 Identification
(1) The powder of this product is reddish brown. The endocarp stone cells are rectangular, round or triangular, often arranged in staggered upper and lower layers or connected with fibers, with a diameter of 14 to 34 μm, a length of about 75 μm, and a wall thickness of 4 to 13 μm; the cell cavity often contains calcium oxalate square crystals. The endocarp fibers are slender and spindle-shaped, with a diameter of about 10 μm and a length of about 110 μm. They are often arranged in staggered and oblique mosaics. The seed coat stone cells are yellow or light brown, polygonal, rectangular or irregular in shape, with a diameter of 60-112pm and a length of 230μm. The walls are thick, the pits are very large, and the cell cavity is brownish-red. The diameter of calcium oxalate clusters is 19 to 34 μm.
(2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 10ml of 50% methanol, ultrasonicate for 40 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take another 1g of Gardenia jasminoides as the reference medicinal material and prepare the reference medicinal material solution in the same way. Then take the gardeniposide reference substance, add ethanol to make a solution containing 4mg per 1ml, and use it as the reference substance solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VIB) test, draw 2 μl of each of the above three solutions and spot them on the same silica gel G thin layer plate. Use ethyl acetate acetone formic acid water (5:5:1:1) as the developing agent. Unfold, take out, and let dry. In the chromatogram of the test product, yellow spots of the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material; then spray with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution and heat at 110°C until the spots appear clear. In the chromatogram of the test product, spots of the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material and the reference substance chromatogram. 14.5 Inspection 14.5.1 Moisture content
shall not exceed 8.5% (Appendix IXH Method 1). 14.5.2 Total ash content
shall not exceed 6.0% (Appendix IXK). 14.6 Content determination
Determination according to high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix VID). 14.6.1 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile water (15:85) as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 238nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 1500 based on the peak of gardeniposide.
14.6.2 Preparation of reference substance solution
Take an appropriate amount of gardeniposide reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add methanol to make a solution containing 30 μg per 1 ml. 14.6.3 Preparation of test solution
Take about 0.1g of this product powder (passed through No. 4 sieve) and weigh it accurately. Place it in a stoppered conical flask, add 25ml of methanol accurately, and weigh it. , ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes, let cool, weigh again, use methanol to make up for the lost weight, shake well, and filter. Precisely measure 10ml of the additional filtrate, place it in a 25m1 measuring flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, and it is ready. 14.6.4 Determination method
Precisely draw 10 μl each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and measure.
Calculated as a dry product, this product contains no less than 1.8% of gardeniposide (C17H24O10). 14.7 Yellow Gardenia Pieces 14.7.1 Processing 14.7.1.1 Yellow Gardenia
Remove impurities and crush.
This product is in irregular pieces. The surface of the peel is reddish-yellow or brownish-red, and some may have vertical and horizontal wings. There are many seeds, flat oval, dark red or reddish yellow. The smell is slight and the taste is slightly sour and bitter. 14.7.1.1.1 Identification, inspection and content determination
Same as medicinal materials. 14.7.1.2 Stir-fried yellow gardenia
Take the clean yellow gardenia and fry according to the stir-frying method (Appendix IID) until it is brown.
This product is shaped like yellow gardenia fragments, yellowish brown. 14.7.1.2.1 Content determination
Same as medicinal materials, the medicinal materials should contain no less than 1.5% of gardeniposide (C17H24O10). 14.7.1.2.2 Identification and inspection
Same as medicinal materials. 14.7.2 Nature, flavor and meridians
Bitter, cold. Guixin, Lung, and Triple Burner Meridians. 14.7.3 Functions and indications
It can purge fire and relieve troubles, clear away heat and dampness, cool blood and detoxify; it can be used externally to reduce swelling and relieve pain. It is used for the treatment of fever, upset, damp-heat jaundice, stranguria syndrome, astringent pain, blood-heat vomiting, red and swollen eyes, fire-toxic sores; external treatment of sprains and contusions. 14.7.4 Usage and dosage
6～10g. Appropriate amount of raw product for external use, grind into powder and apply. 14.7.5 Storage
Store in a ventilated and dry place.
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