What should patients with Parkinson's syndrome pay attention to? Great gods, help!

Reasonable diet (1) Parkinson's disease is more common in the elderly, and at the same time it is complicated with autonomic nerve dysfunction, mostly decreased digestive function, weak gastrointestinal motility, and prone to spasm, constipation, excessive skin oil secretion and other symptoms. It is necessary to combine the patient's situation and dietary preferences, pay attention to the proportion structure of food, and the collocation of non-staple food, vegetarian food and variety. Eating more foods rich in cellulose and easy to digest, eating more fresh vegetables and fruits, drinking more water, and eating more foods containing tyramine acid, such as melon seeds, almonds, sesame seeds, skim milk, etc., can promote the synthesis of dopamine in the brain and properly control the intake of fat. (2) protein's diet should not be excessive, blindly giving excessive protein diet will reduce the curative effect of levodopa, because a large number of neutral amino acids produced by protein's digestion can compete with levodopa to enter the brain, which will affect its curative effect. Therefore, eggs, milk, fish, meat and other foods should be properly given in the diet to ensure the supply of protein. The daily requirement is 0.8- 1.2g/kg body weight. In case of fever and bedsore, the supply in protein should be increased. (3) For people with chewing and swallowing dysfunction, they should sit down when eating and choose foods that are easy to chew and swallow, high in nutrition and high in cellulose. Recall the swallowing steps before eating. When eating, let him swallow the extra saliva in his mouth, move the food back and forth with his tongue when chewing, eat less at a time, chew slowly, drink water after meals, and swallow the rest of the food to prevent aspiration pneumonia. (4) Diabetic patients should be given a diabetic diet; For patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension, protein with high sugar and vitamin should be eaten to limit the intake of animal fat and salt. Nutrition plays a very important role in the health status of patients with Parkinson's disease. Dietotherapy is one of the adjuvant treatments for Parkinson's disease, which aims to maintain the patients' good nutrition and physical condition, and make the drug treatment achieve better results by adjusting diet. There are many basic principles in the diet of patients with Parkinson's disease and that of ordinary people, but they need to be adjusted according to their own conditions. A variety of foods, happy paradise meals, a day's diet should be varied, including cereals, vegetables and fruits, milk or beans, meat and so on. Diversified foods can meet the body's needs for various nutrients, and also make the diet itself interesting. Eating happily in a relaxed environment and atmosphere makes food a kind of enjoyment of life. Eat more cereals, vegetables and fruits. Usually eat 300 ~ 500 grams of cereals every day, such as rice, noodles and miscellaneous grains. Nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber and vitamin B can be obtained from cereals, so as to obtain the energy needed by the body. Carbohydrates usually do not affect the efficacy of levodopa. Eat about 300 grams of vegetables or melons and 1 ~ 2 medium-sized fruits every day to get vitamins A, B, C, various minerals and dietary fiber. Eat milk and beans regularly and in moderation. Milk is rich in calcium. Calcium is an important element in bones, so drinking 1 cup of milk or yogurt every day is an excellent way to supplement calcium for elderly patients with Parkinson's disease who are prone to osteoporosis and fractures. However, protein in milk may have some influence on the curative effect of levodopa. In order to avoid affecting the efficacy of levodopa during the day, it is recommended to drink milk before going to bed at night. In addition, eating bean products such as tofu and dried tofu can also supplement calcium. Limit the consumption of meat. Because some amino acids in protein will affect the entry of levodopa into the brain, it is necessary to limit the intake of protein. Eat about 50 grams of meat every day, and choose lean meat, poultry meat or fish. 1 Eggs contain protein equivalent to 25g lean meat. Meat food can be divided into breakfast, lunch and dinner, but for some patients, in order to make the drug effect better during the day, we can also try to arrange food rich in protein only at dinner in a day. Try not to eat fat, meat oil and animal offal. Cook food with vegetable oil. Not eating fat, meat oil and animal offal can help prevent the adverse effects caused by excessive intake of saturated fat and cholesterol. Too much fat in the diet will also delay the absorption of levodopa and affect the curative effect. Drink 6 to 8 glasses of water every day. Drinking water is the best drink. Adequate water intake is beneficial to the body's metabolism. Adequate water can make the body excrete more urine and reduce the chance of bacterial infection in bladder and urethra. Adequate water can also soften and easily discharge feces and prevent constipation. Due to the lack of drinking water and drug treatment, some patients will have symptoms of dry mouth, thirst and dry eyes. You can try to drink half a glass of water more than the day before, and gradually increase the amount of water to 6-8 cups a day. Family rehabilitation and matters needing attention 1. Insist on exercise and daily activities. When the human body is inactive, muscle stiffness will shorten the muscles and tendons. Therefore, physical activity must be maintained during treatment. Take more walks and have a certain amount of exercise every day, such as rowing, playing ball and exercising your hands or arms. Step on the treadmill, do back stretching activities, and practice every day to straighten the curved spine and relax your shoulders. 2. Keep working because sitting at home all day will limit your activities and accelerate the emergence of muscle rigidity and stiffness. Dieting too much will make it more difficult for patients to exercise, so go on a diet. Because vitamin B6 antagonizes the therapeutic effect of levodopa, the intake of vitamin B6 should be limited every day during the treatment. 4. Prevent overheating tremor from increasing physical activity and heat production, so that patients are particularly sensitive to hot weather, so they should stay indoors in hot weather, choose outdoor activities in the morning and evening, and wear loose clothes when the weather is hot and humid, especially for the elderly. Matters needing attention in family: Parkinson's syndrome patients have brought a lot of inconvenience to their daily lives due to muscle stiffness and dyskinesia, and need more care and care from their families. 1. Wear: Choose clothes with zippers that are easy to put on and take off, and clothes with openings in the front that don't need to be pulled over. Zippers and buttons can be replaced by nylon velcro chains. Try to wear shoes without laces, and don't use shoes with rubber or raw rubber soles, because shoes may make patients fall forward when grasping the ground. 2. Bathing: spread a layer of rubber mat and other non-slip things on the bathtub or shower pool board, and put a low stool in the bathtub so that patients can sit in it and take a shower. Sponges and gloves with long handles are helpful for patients to take a bath. Shave with an electric razor and brush your teeth with paper or plastic cups. 3. Dining: Don't urge the patient to eat and drink quickly because the patient's muscles are uncoordinated. You can choose an elastic plastic straw for cold drinks and a light cup with a wide handle for hot drinks. Put a rubber pad under the patient's bowl to prevent it from slipping. 4. Prevention of infection: Because patients with this disease are prone to bronchitis or pneumonia, they should be treated immediately when they cough or have a fever to avoid serious infection. 5. Prevention of constipation: Encourage patients to increase physical activity, drink enough water, add fibrous substances such as vegetables to their daily diet, and use laxatives only when necessary or forced. Rehabilitation exercise for Parkinson's patients 1, relaxation breathing exercise: find a quiet place, dim the lights and lie on your back as comfortably as possible. Close your eyes and take a deep breath slowly. When inhaling, the abdomen bulges, imagine that the gas reaches the top of the head upwards, and when exhaling, the abdomen relaxes, imagine that the gas flows downstream from the top of the head and reaches the soles of the feet through the back, and imagine that the muscles of the whole body relax. Repeat this action for 5- 15 minutes. You can also find a seat, lean back against the chair, relax, put your hands on your chest and take a deep breath. 2, facial exercise: The special face of Parkinson's disease patients is a "mask face", which is due to facial muscle stiffness, resulting in dull facial expression, so it is necessary to do some facial exercise. Frowning action: frown as much as possible, then raise your eyebrows and repeat several times. Exercise hard to open your eyes and close your eyes and drum your cheeks: first drum your cheeks hard, and then try to inhale and drum your cheeks. Show your teeth and whistle, show your teeth as much as possible, and then whistle. In front of the mirror, make your face smile, laugh, grin, pout, whistle, drum your cheeks and so on. 3. Head and neck movement: The neck of patients with Parkinson's disease tends to lean forward and is very stiff, which many people think is caused by cervical spondylosis. If you don't pay attention to the movement and rehabilitation of the neck, it is easy to aggravate the abnormal posture, which is manifested as an increasingly serious hunchback. Here is a set of neck rehabilitation methods. However, it should be noted that Parkinson's disease patients are mostly elderly people, often accompanied by different degrees of cervical spondylosis. So when doing the following exercises, you must step by step, gradually increase the range of movements, and move slowly and gently during the exercise. Head back, eyes staring at the ceiling for about 5 seconds, moving up and down: then head down and chin touching the chest as much as possible. Turn left and right: Turn your head and face to the right, look back for about 5 seconds, and then turn left in the same way. Turn your face slowly and repeatedly to your left and right shoulders, and try to touch your shoulders with your chin. Swing from side to side: slowly lean your head to your left and right shoulders and try to touch your shoulders with your ears. Forward and backward movement: the mandible is extended for 5 seconds and retracted for 5 seconds. 4. Trunk exercise: lateral bending exercise: the feet are shoulder-width apart, the knees are slightly bent, the right upper limb is straight, the palm is inward, and the trunk is bent to the left, going back and forth several times; Then repeat on the left. Turning action: the feet are slightly wider than the shoulders, the elbows are bent flat on the chest, and the movements are flexible. Then repeat in the opposite direction. Abdominal muscle exercise: Lie flat on the floor or bed and bend your knees to your chest for a few seconds. Then do this action on both sides at the same time. Lie flat on the floor or bed, put your hands around your knees, and slowly extend your head to your knees. Back muscle exercise: prone, abdominal extension, legs and pelvis close to the floor or bed, lift with arms 10 second. Lie prone, with arms and legs off the ground at the same time 10 seconds, and then relax. Repeat many times. 5. Exercise of upper limbs and shoulders: The shoulders should be raised as far as possible in the direction of ears, and then droop as much as possible. Straighten your arms and hold your head high 10 second. Put your hands behind your back and pull back for 5 seconds. Repeat many times. Put your arms on your head, bend your elbows, grasp the opposite elbow with both hands, and bend your body to both sides in turn. 6, hand movement: Parkinson's patients have many hand joints, which are easily affected by muscle stiffness. Patients' hands are often in a strange flexion posture, and the metacarpophalangeal joints are flexed, making it difficult to unfold the palms. The small joints between other fingers are straight, so it is difficult for the palm to make a fist. In view of this situation, patients should always straighten their metacarpophalangeal joints and put their palms flat. They can hold the fingers of the other hand with one hand and press them in the direction of the back of the hand to prevent the metacarpophalangeal joints from deforming. You can also put your palm on the desktop, make your fingers touch the desktop as much as possible, and practice the action of separating and closing your fingers repeatedly. In order to prevent the deformity of finger joints, you can repeatedly practice the action of clenching your fist and extending your fingers. 7. Exercise of lower limbs: stand with your legs slightly apart, bend your knees slightly, bend over, and try to touch the ground with your hands. Hold the wall with your left hand, and pull your right foot back with your right hand for a few seconds, then repeat on the opposite lower limb. "Indian sitting posture": the feet are opposite to the palms, and the knees are on the floor to maintain repetition. Sit with your feet in a "V" shape, with your head leaning against your right leg, between your feet and your left leg in turn, and keep each posture for 5- 10 seconds. 8. Gait exercise: Most patients with Parkinson's disease have gait disorders, and those who are light drag their feet and can't lift their feet when walking. At the same time, their upper limbs do not swing their arms and have no coordinated movements. In severe cases, it is difficult to rush forward, turn around and cross the threshold with small steps. During gait exercise, patients are required to look straight ahead and stand upright. When starting, raise your toes as high as possible, and then touch the ground. The stride should be as slow as possible and as large as possible, and the upper limbs should swing back and forth as much as possible when walking. The key is to lift your feet and take a big step. It is best to have other people present during exercise, and you can remind and correct abnormal posture at any time. When patients start marching, they often have "freezing phenomenon" and can't walk away, just like sticking to the ground. In this case, don't worry, you can adopt the following methods: First, stand upright with your feet on the ground. Before you start walking, you must remember to follow the ground with your feet, bend your toes backwards, and then touch the ground with your toes. Put an obstacle with a height of 10- 15 cm in front of your feet at each step, and do walking exercises with your feet crossing the obstacle. But this method is more troublesome, and it is impossible to put a bunch of obstacles at home, so it is a good method to use an "L" crutch. 9. Exercise of balanced exercise: Patients with Parkinson's disease are characterized by postural reflex disorder, rushing forward quickly when walking, and easily falling down when encountering obstacles or when the patient stops suddenly. Balanced exercise can improve the attention to symptoms. Keep your feet 25-30cm apart, move your center of gravity left and right, back and forth, and keep your balance. The trunk and pelvis rotate left and right, and the upper limbs swing greatly, which has a good effect on balancing posture and relieving muscle tension. 10, Training of Language Obstacles: Patients often become more and more unwilling to talk because of language obstacles. The more they don't talk, the more degraded their language function will be. Long-term nonverbal communication with family members, coupled with the lack of expression of patients with Parkinson's disease, often leads to emotional communication barriers and barriers between patients and relatives. Therefore, patients must often carry out language function training. The exercise of tongue movement is an important condition for speaking, so we should insist on practicing the following actions-repeatedly stretching and shrinking the tongue; The tongue moves left and right between the two mouths as soon as possible; Move the tip of the tongue around the mouth and lips as quickly as possible; Say "la-la-la", "ka-ka-ka" and "ka-la-ka" accurately as soon as possible, and repeat them several times. The exercise of lips and upper and lower jaws slowly repeats the action of opening and closing your mouth; Close your upper and lower lips for a few seconds, then relax; Raise your upper and lower lips repeatedly, such as kissing, and then relax; Repeat the action of opening your mouth and shutting up as soon as possible, and repeat it several times; Say "do-do-do ..." as soon as possible and repeat after the break. Read aloud slowly to read newspapers or beautiful essays. It is best to recite poetry, Tang poetry, Song poetry or modern poetry, and you can choose according to your own preferences. Poetry has cadence and catchiness, which can not only cure language barriers, but also cultivate sentiment. Good poetry can also stimulate your fighting spirit, which is a good way. Singing is a good way to practice singing. You can choose your favorite songs to practice. A patient told me that after I changed my illness, my speech became awkward, but my singing was not affected. After practicing singing, my speaking ability has also improved obviously. More importantly, singing can exercise vital capacity.