Su Shi liked to eat citrus, grow citrus, and sing about citrus throughout his life. He wrote many poems and articles about citrus, among which he liked the yellow tangerines of Dongting Lake the most. His handed down calligraphy work "Dongting Spring Ode" (Shao) (Written in 1094, the first year of the Holy Emperor's reign) begins with "I heard the joy in oranges is no less joyful than that of Shangshan." The preface points out that "Prince Anding made wine with yellow sweetness, and named it the spring scenery of Dongting."
Su Shi had a special liking for citrus, because citrus is golden in color, juicy and sweet, and has a fragrant aroma, which is described in many poems. For example, "Ode to Oranges in the Sands of Huanxi": "The chrysanthemums are dark and the lotus withers after a night of frost, the new buds of green leaves illuminate the forest, and the bamboo fences and huts are green and yellow. The fragrant mist is half startling, the clear spring is wet with teeth and timid for the first taste, Wu Ji's hands are still there after three days "Fragrant." The allusion of "fragrant mist" comes from "Sending Oranges" written by Liu Xiaobiao of the Southern Dynasty (Liang Dynasty): "Oranges in Nanzhong are sweet, and blue birds eat them. The flavor of picking them shines, and the fragrant mist pops up." people.". The general idea is: in autumn and winter, chrysanthemums wither and lotus wither, but the citrus trees are green and fusu, citrus green and yellow, and fruitful in the fields. The aroma of citrus is fragrant, and the flesh is crystal clear when you break it open. It is amazing. Take a bite and it is like a clear spring flowing between the teeth. I feel shy when I taste it for the first time, fearing that the juice will flow out. After eating the citrus, a woman from Jiangnan remained still for three days. Leaves a lingering fragrance. Among them, "Jing half broken" and "Stealing the first taste" are vividly described, and the wording of "Jing" and "Stealing" is superb.
Citrus had other names in ancient times, namely "Munu" and "Munuzi". The allusion comes from Li Heng, the prefect of Danyang during the Eastern Han Dynasty, and "Xiangyang Ji" quoted by Pei Songzhi of the Southern Dynasty (Song Dynasty): " Hengmei wanted to manage the family, but his wife often refused to listen, so he secretly sent ten guests to build a house on Sizhou in Longyang, Wuling, and planted thousands of tangerines. Before he died, he told his son: "Your mother hates me for running the family, so she is so poor." However, there are thousands of wooden slaves in my state, and they will not be responsible for your food and clothing. A piece of silk is enough for your ears." Later, people used citrus trees to represent people, and a tree was like a slave who could be driven to make money. , and does not cost food and clothing, so it is called "wooden slave".
Many of Su Shi's poems use "wood slave" to describe citrus. "Huanxi Sha": "A few days ago, I checked the pear and saw the snow and frost. Once I wrote it, it became bright. How could the wooden slaves avoid orpiment? The visitors from the north have not met each other for the first time, but the gold from the south is priceless. I am happy to taste something new. I am chewing my sentences. "Chali" refers to hawthorn and pears, "which means: citrus grows together with hawthorn and pears until the winter of rain, snow, wind and frost. Once it is tasted, citrus will add luster. Where can citrus avoid people?" Comments? Kumquats from the south are priceless because they can rarely be transported to the north. When I came to Huangzhou from the north, I didn’t know what citrus was when I saw it for the first time. After tasting it, I felt it was so delicious that the juice flowed between my teeth. , the taste is fragrant.
Su Shi also often uses an allusion when describing citrus, that is, "Bringing oranges to relatives". The allusion comes from the "Three Kingdoms·Wu Zhi·Lu Ji Biography": "Ji was six years old. Meet Yuan Shu in Jiujiang. Shu came out with oranges, and Ji had three oranges in his arms. He left, bowed and fell to the ground. Shu said, "Mr. Lu is a guest and he has oranges in his arms?" ’ Ji knelt down and replied, ‘I want to return to my deceased mother. ’. The technique is amazing. ". Later, "huai tangerine" was used as an allusion to miss relatives and filial piety, and "huai tangerine's widow" was included in the twenty-four filial piety.
Su Shi's "Shigan": "A pair of Luopa is not divided into treasures. Lin Xia first tasted the shame of chasing his ministers. The dew leaves and frosty branches cut off the cold green, and the golden plates and jade fingers break the fragrant fragrance. The clear spring is the first to bleed the teeth, and the fragrant mist is dripping in the air. The guests are diligent in order to accept their children, and a thousand slaves are sorry for my poverty. ". In ancient times, "Gan" is the same as "Tangerine", and the allusion of "fenzhen" comes from "Gongyang Zhuan·The 31st Year of Zhaogong": "Xu is young and everyone loves it. When he eats, he will sit with two sons beside him and eat it. There are treasures." Xu must take enough of the strange food first. "Shu Shu, the younger brother of Duke Yan, the king of Zhu Lou, killed Duke Yan, married his wife, and gave birth to his son Xu. Duke Yan and his wife had a son, Duke Xia. Both Shu Shu and Lady Yan doted on Xu, and they had a precious son. Xu must first take the food to satisfy his hunger. Later, Xia Gong expressed his dissatisfaction. When Shu Shu saw it, he realized that he gave up his position in the national army to his nephew Xia Gong. Later, he used the word "fenzhen" to describe his colleagues. Enjoying delicious food combined with "Bringing Oranges to Marriage" means that you should first honor your parents and give gifts to your friends, and then yourself, which embodies the fine style of ancient gentlemen who put others before themselves. Retreating to the mountains and forests, "Zhuchen" is what Su Shi calls himself, the minister who was exiled and demoted. "Xin" also refers to citrus, because Gengxin means autumn, gold, and pungent flavor, so it is used here to replace citrus.
This poem was written when Su Shi was demoted as deputy envoy of the Tuanlian in Huangzhou, using the writing technique of "Xikun style" and "don't say it". The main idea is: after the citrus matures, the citrus has not been wrapped with ropa and shared with friends. (Because Su Shi Gaotang had passed away at that time and could not be married), I tasted the citrus first and felt guilty. The aroma is overflowing, the juice is sweet, the fragrance lingers between the teeth, and the aroma is tangy. The guests here diligently persuaded Su Shi to accept these citrus (to taste them). They couldn't help but sigh that Li Heng, the prefect of the Eastern Han Dynasty, could plant thousands of citrus trees to make himself rich, but it was a pity that he only had A handful of tangerines is really too poor. This poem praises the sweetness of tangerines and sighs at the same time. Faced with being exiled and demoted, he was frustrated in life and lived in poverty. He thought that in the past, Li Heng could grow tangerines to save himself, but he was impoverished. I can't even share the treasures with my friends. I feel guilty. I chant and sigh three times. Although the citrus fruits are beautiful, my heart is full of mixed feelings, which is sad.
As a bold poet, Su Shi is generally vigorous, free and easy in nature, optimistic and open-minded, and has always had a positive attitude towards life. Take Citrus's poems as an example, there is another one that is used to encourage each other with friends. This is his "Gift to Liu Jingwen", which was written in the fifth year of Yuanyou (1090) when Su Shi was appointed magistrate of Hangzhou. At that time, Su Shi's condition improved, so he felt comfortable, his poems were also proactive, and he was getting stronger.
"To Liu Jingwen" is also known as "Winter Scenery": "The lotus no longer has a rain cover, but the chrysanthemums still have proud frost branches. You must remember the good times of the year, the most orange-yellow-orange-green time.", The author of this poem, Qijue, was already 64 years old at the time, but he still had ambitions and ambitions. The main idea of ??the poem is: In winter, the lotus withers, the leaves wither and dry, and cannot be used as an umbrella cover to protect from the rain; the chrysanthemum withers, but it still hangs on the branches, standing proudly in the snow and frost. I hope my friends will remember that it is the best time of the year. The season, (not necessarily spring), but the time when citrus fruits are green and yellow, and the fruits are bright. This poem describes the scenery and expresses feelings, contrasting the withered lotus with the frosty chrysanthemum, and then introducing golden citrus to illustrate that even in winter, it is the time of harvest. Don't be discouraged or demoralized. Old age is the golden period for making great achievements in life. . This quatrain is concise and concise, with profound artistic conception, optimistic and open-minded, and full of positive and uplifting spirit.