The old rabbit and the cold toad are weeping in the sky, and the walls of the cloud tower are half-open and slanting white.
The moon is rolling with dew and the light is wet, and the Luan Pei meets the fragrant osmanthus street.
Yellow dust and clear water flow under the three mountains, changing for thousands of years like a running horse.
Looking at Qizhou's nine-point cigarette in the distance, a glass of sea water is pouring out.
In the long history of Chinese poetry, there is probably no poet with a more unique creative personality than Li He. "The style of his writing, thinking and style is like climbing up a rocky cliff, with tens of thousands of people rising up." (Old Book of Tang Dynasty: Li He's Biography) The writing touches the world of ghosts and ghosts, wandering around the blue and falling underworld. With gorgeous, cold, majestic and strange language, he transforms the ordinary into the bizarre. Fantasyland is a common sight, and he created many romantic artistic images in his short life. "Dream Sky" is the poet's whimsical dream of wandering in the moon palace and looking down at the human world.
The poet begins with the moon: "The old rabbit is crying in the cold sky, and the cloud tower is half-open and the walls are slanting white." "Rabbit" and "toad" both refer to the moon. In ancient legends, "There are rabbits and toads in the moon." "("The Comprehensive Meanings of the Five Classics"). Volume 909 of "Taiping Yulan" quotes "Dianlue": "Rabbit is the essence of the bright moon." Volume 949 also quotes Zhang Heng's "Lingxian": "Yi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the medicine of immortality, and Chang'e stole it. Flying to the moon, he is leaning on the moon, which is a toad. "Weeping in the sky" means that the moon is cold and cold, as if a rabbit and a toad are crying. This sentence summarizes the misery of the Moon Palace. The rabbit is the "old rabbit"; the toad is the "cold toad". They look at the sky sadly and lonely, and the moonlight clouds seem to be their tears. "Cloud Tower" refers to the layers of rolling clouds. "The wall is slanting white" and the moonlight shines slantingly. As the moon moves and the light moves, the clouds change, like towering pavilions; the moonlight passes through the gaps in the clouds and shines on the clouds, just like the slanting light on the walls of a house. This is the transformation of human experience.
The moon is round and as bright as jade, so it is called the "moon wheel". It was surrounded by late night moisture, and it moved as if it was rolling over the moisture, so that the clear light it emitted was wetted. Here, on the Moon Palace path filled with the fragrance of sweet-scented osmanthus, I met a fairy wearing a jade pendant of Luan and Phoenix. "Luan Pei" refers to the jade pendant carved with Luan Pei, which refers to the fairy wearing the Luan Pei. "Osmanthus Street" is a path filled with the fragrance of osmanthus. "Taiping Yulan" Volume 957 quotes "Huainanzi" as saying: "There are osmanthus trees in the moon." "Yu Xi An Tian Lun" quoted in the fourth volume of the same book says: "It is said that the immortal osmanthus tree in the moon is born. Now we see its first birth and see the immortal's feet. It has gradually taken shape, and the osmanthus tree will grow later." In the Tang Dynasty, Wu Gang cut the osmanthus tree again. said. Volume 1 of Duan Chengshi's "Youyang Zazu" contains: "It is said in the old days that there are osmanthus and toads in the moon. Therefore, a different book says that the laurel is five hundred feet high, and there is a person below who often chops it, and the tree will follow suit. His surname is Wu Gang, A man from Xihe had a history of learning from immortals, and was banished to order people to cut down trees." Therefore, Song Zhiwen, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, said: "The osmanthus falls in the middle of the moon, and the fragrance of the sky floats outside" ("Lingyin Temple"). Li He also said in "Li Ping Kong Hou Yin": "Wu Zhi is sleepless and leans on the laurel tree, and the wet cold rabbit flies sideways with his bare feet." It seems that there is also considerable inequality in the moon palace. On one side is the "old rabbit and cold toad" hanging secretly. Tears; on one side are fairies walking leisurely on the path smelling of sweet-scented osmanthus. Where fairies are, they must be in a perfect fairyland. Another poem by the poet, "The Ballad of Heaven", has a vivid description of this, which can be read alongside this poem:
The Tianhe River turns at night and drifts back to the stars, and the Silver River flows Clouds learn the sound of water.
The osmanthus flowers in the Jade Palace have not yet fallen, and the fairy concubine is wearing her fragrant necklace.
Concubine Qin rolls up the curtains to see the dawn at the north window, and plants green tung trees and small phoenixes in front of the window.
The prince plays the sheng and the goose pipe, and calls the dragon to cultivate tobacco and cultivate Yao grass.
Pink clouds and red ribbon lotus root silk skirt, walking on the green island picking up orchids and spring spring.
The east refers to Xihe who can move his horse, and the sea dust is reborn under the stone mountain.
The sweet-scented osmanthus trees here are blooming and the fragrance is overwhelming. Fairies pick the sweet-scented osmanthus flowers and put them into sachets. In the faint morning light, Concubine Qin Nongyu rolled up the curtains, and a small green phoenix stood on the sycamore tree in front of the window. The immortal prince Jin blows the slender sheng pipe, driving the dragon to plow the smoke and sow yao grass... The living environment in the immortal world is so beautiful.
The poet's feelings are very complicated. His life was short, but he was lonely, angry and depressed. The times are going downhill, and life is becoming more desolate. In addition, because of his father's taboo, he is not allowed to be promoted to Jinshi, and he is ostracized by the current generation, which eventually becomes an obstacle. Most of his poetry creations have a cold and sad color. He likes to describe the fantasy world of gods and express his depression and pursuit. The description of the fairy world in "Dream Sky" expresses the feeling of being dissatisfied with social reality but helpless, turning to dislike reality and escaping from reality. The crying "old rabbit and cold toad" invisibly casts a shadow on the ideal world. This is the expression of the poet's complex and contradictory thoughts.
"Under the three mountains of yellow dust and clear water, the changes for thousands of years are like running horses." The poet overlooks the world and sees the endless changes in the world. Wang Qi's note: "The three sacred mountains of Penglai, Fangzhang and Yingzhou are all in the sea. Looking below them now, sometimes they turn into yellow dust, sometimes they turn into clear water. They change again and again over the course of thousands of years, but when viewed from the sky, they look like running horses. "Speed." (Volume 1 of "Explanation of Li Changji's Poems") Volume 2 of Ge Hong's "Biography of Immortals" records: "Ma Gu said: 'Since I took over, I have seen three fields of mulberry fields in the East China Sea, and the water is shallow towards Penglai. If you are half as shallow as before, how can you become Linglu again? '" These two sentences use these two classics to show that the world is changing rapidly. Everything in the universe is the domain of the poet. "Observe the past and present for a moment, and caress the world in an instant" (Lu Ji's "Wen Fu"). Space and time are the existence forms of moving matter, silent, eternal and mysterious.
But in the poet's writings with wonderful imagination, time and space have become passive and small. "Looking at Qizhou from a distance, there are nine cigarettes, and a glass of sea water pours down." "Qizhou", Zhongzhou, refers to China. "Nine points of smoke", ancient China was divided into nine states. There are different opinions about Kyushu. The earliest "Shang Shu Yu Gong" records that Kyushu is: Ji, Yu, Yong, Yang, Yan, Xu, Liang, Qing, and Jing. "Yihong" means one Wang. From the perspective of the poet, the nine states on the vast earth are like nine points of smoke, and the four seas outside the nine states are just a pool of sea water pouring into a cup. These two poems are full of fantastic imagination and extraordinary spirit, and are deeply appreciated by future generations. Yuan Haowen of the Jin Dynasty said in his poem "Fan Kuan Qinchuan Picture": "The Western Mountains are connected with the sky, and all the smoke from Qichuan can be seen at nine o'clock." Xu Jingfan, a female poet of the late Ming Dynasty, wrote in her "Xiang Xianqu" He wrote: "The banana flowers weep and dew the tune of the Xiangjiang River, and the autumn smoke is green at nine o'clock." Modern poet Huang Zunxian also said in "Sorrow for Lushun": "The sea water is full of smoke at nine o'clock, it is so magnificent that this place is really dangerous." They are all metamorphosis. Li He is poetic. Later, Li He's poem was turned into the idiom "Qi Yan Nine Points" and included in the dictionary.
The awareness of changes in the universe reflected in "Dream Sky" has the positive elements of simple dialectics. In the poet's consciousness, time is short and space is small. He was full of deep emotions about the vicissitudes of human affairs. This kind of emotion will be expressed more freely through the form of "Dream Sky". According to modern scientific explanations, the so-called dream is nothing more than a mental phenomenon of partial brain function activity during sleep. Freud had a precise analysis of this in his book "The Interpretation of Dreams":
Dreams are not groundless, meaningless, absurd, or a part of consciousness falling asleep. And there are only a small number of products that fall asleep and wake up rarely. It is a completely meaningful spiritual phenomenon. In fact, it is the fulfillment of a wish. It can be regarded as a continuation of mental activity in a waking state. It is produced by highly intricate intellectual activities.
This kind of "fulfilment of wishes" is actually what people often say, "Think about it every day and dream about it at night." The oppression of reality made him yearn for the comfort in heaven, and the shortness of life reminded him of the speed of time. This may be a romantic conception, or perhaps I have actually had such a dream. But they are all based on reality and show a cold-eyed attitude towards the world. He also said in "Hao Ge":
The south wind blows the mountains and makes them flat, and the emperor sends the sky and Wu to move the sea.
The Queen Mother's peach blossoms are red a thousand times, how many times did Peng Zu and Wu Xian die?
The shocking heroic spirit embodies the emotion of the geometry of life. The entire universe is changing and nothing remains constant. Changes of birth and death are inherent laws in the human world, and gods cannot violate them. Mr. Qian Zhongshu said in "Tan Yi Lu":
"Mengtian" said: "Yellow dust and clear water under the three mountains, changing for thousands of years, like a horse." They all felt deeply that the sun and the moon were passing by. , vicissitudes of life have changed, and the metabolism of personnel has not changed. Others may reminisce about the past, so they can enjoy themselves in time, and long-lasting good fortune only purely focuses on the destiny, which is also one of the principles of transcendental laws and distant human feelings. The so-called "life is short and full of meanings" and "life is never a hundred years old, and we always have worries of a thousand years old" are wrong.
The comments are pertinent and can be called Li He’s confidant for thousands of years.
Li He's poems are highly imaginative and illusory, and he is good at using weird and gorgeous language to create whimsical and unimaginable images. "Where Nuwa made stones to mend the sky, the stones shattered the sky and made the autumn rain startle." ("Li Ping Konghou Yin") "The ghosts in the autumn graves sing the Bao family's poems, hating the blood for thousands of years and the blue in the soil." ("Autumn Coming") "Xihe knocked and said With the sound of glass, the ashes fly across the ancient and modern world." ("The King of Qin Drinks") "The stone veins and water springs drip with sand, and the ghost lamps are like paint dots of pine flowers" ("A Journey to the Nanshan Fields"), showing great imagination and creativity. The same is true for the images in "Dream Sky". The old rabbit and the cold toad weeping in the sky, the half-opened cloud tower curling up, the moist moon rolling with dew, and the moon palace path filled with cinnamon are all wonderfully conceived and novel in imagination. Belinsky said in "On the Life and Works of Kolzhov":
One of the most basic characteristics of genius is originality or independence, followed by the ideological and ideal quality it possesses. Universality and depth, and finally the impact of this idea and ideal on contemporary history. Geniuses always open up new, unheard of or unexpected realities with their creations.
Li He has some basic characteristics of genius: "originality or independence." "Looking at Qizhou's nine-point cigarette in the distance, a glass of sea water pours down." This kind of artistic image opens up people's minds. , which is rare in Chinese classical poetry, is full of positive romanticism spirit and gives people a majestic and superb beauty. Li Bai's poems are bold and elegant. His "Ballad of Mount Lu" wrote:
Climbing high and spectacular between heaven and earth, the vast river will never return.
The yellow clouds are moving thousands of miles, and the white waves are flowing over the snow-capped mountains.
They are both magnificent scenes, but in comparison, Li He's description is more novel. Compared with Bai Juyi's "The river is as thin as a rope, and the city is smaller than the palm of your hand" ("Climbing the Peak of Xianglu"), it has different approaches but the same purpose.
In addition, there are great jumps between the images in this poem. It does not have a fixed observation point or observed point. Time and space change repeatedly and confusingly at multiple levels and across large spans. According to the characteristics of conscious activities, a multi-level structure in time and space is formed.
Sometimes the sky changes, sometimes the clouds; sometimes on the ground, sometimes in the middle of the moon; sometimes looking up, sometimes overlooking, confusing and extremely changing, but it is always inseparable from the transformation and recombination of experience and the flow of emotions. This ups and downs of conception reveals the poet's depressed pursuit and restless mind.