First, the significance of literary image
Image is the combination of "meaning" and "image", and it is the combination of thoughts, feelings and concrete images.
In literature and aesthetics, image has two meanings: aesthetic psychological image and aesthetic object image.
Aesthetic psychological image: an image that has been formed in the writer's mind before "congealing ink" (materialization).
The constituent elements of artistic images in poetry and images with aesthetic implications.
This paper briefly introduces the viewpoints and methods of image analysis in ancient literary theory and western literary theory, the differences between Chinese and western literary theories on images and the differences in philosophical basis.
Second, the basic characteristics of literary image
Literary image is the unity of aesthetic cognition, aesthetic emotion and aesthetic image.
As an aesthetic psychological image, the image is vague.
As an aesthetic image, image is symbolic.
Third, the difference and connection between image and image
As an aesthetic psychological image, image is the model and foundation of literary image, and literary image is the materialization and externalization of aesthetic image.
Literary image is not completely equivalent to aesthetic image (literary image). Images in literary works, especially poems, are often a part of literary images and a combination of aesthetic objects and images.
Due to the repeated use of some aesthetic images, a stable image system of national poetry or literature has been formed.
2.-
First, the meaning of literary artistic conception
Literary artistic conception: The specific description of literary image (aesthetic image) and the artistic realm formed by its vast and profound artistic space and rich feelings are the artistic realm that can induce imagination and thinking under the guidance of specific aesthetic image norms. It is an artistic realm of China's literary works, especially ancient lyric works.
Literary artistic conception is not only a literary image, but also a special literary image, which is a richer and more grand advanced literary image.
We can briefly introduce the ideological origin and historical development clues of artistic conception and explain its national characteristics.
Second, the characteristics of literary artistic conception
The characteristics of literary artistic conception: the combination of reality and fiction, "the image outside the image, the scene outside the scene" and "the purport outside the rhyme" and "the purport outside the taste".
Poetry and writing have artistic conception, as do prose, drama and novels, but not all literary works have artistic conception.
Discrimination: Scenery blending is the basis and premise of producing artistic conception, but only scene blending can not produce artistic conception, and it must be combined with reality. (Take the analysis of works as an example)
Creating suggestive and symbolic aesthetic images, choosing appropriate image structure, triggering and creating endless aesthetic space are the keys to creating literary artistic conception.
The realization of artistic conception is a dynamic process, which requires not only the author's careful creation, but also the reader's full imagination to feel.
Thirdly, the differences and connections among artistic conception, image and image.
The general literary image is concrete and clear, while the artistic conception is vague and hazy; Artistic conception is not only a literary image, but also a sublimation of literary image.
Literary artistic conception is often composed of literary images (aesthetic images), but it goes beyond literary images.
3.-
First, the meaning of typical literature
Typical image: The literary image created by writers not only has distinct originality, but also broadly and profoundly summarizes certain social phenomena, reveals the essence of certain social life and reflects the law of historical development. Typical is the organic unity and perfect integration of * * * and personality, which expresses * * * through personality, reveals the essence through phenomena, and shows inevitability through chance.
A typical image is not only a character image, but also an artistic image. In the history and practice of western literary criticism, artistic typicality generally refers to the typical characters in narrative literature.
Typical image is the symbol of excellent literary works. Literary works with typical images are typical.
Relationship between typicality and image: artistic image can be divided into two levels: general and typical. Artistic modeling is the sublimation of artistic image and a high-grade artistic image. The difference between image and typicality lies in whether there are distinct uniqueness and profound generality, and whether they are organically combined.
Artistic conception-Generally speaking, because of its profound and broad aesthetic space and unique summarized feelings, it has reached a typical level, so it is often called the typical lyric poetry in ancient China.
Second, the basic characteristics of typical literature
(a) Broad and profound generality
Compared with image generalization, typical generalization has more prominent, extensive and profound characteristics.
Outstanding representativeness: summarizing the similarities and differences of a certain kind of people or social phenomena in life.
Universality: the generalization of social phenomena is extensive.
Profound ideological content: a profound summary of social phenomena. It can reveal some essence of social life and reflect some inevitable laws of historical development.
Pay attention to the difference between typicality and class.
(b) Unique and unique personality
Typical has a very distinctive, vivid and unique personality. Unique and distinctive personality is the symbol of typical concrete form and the charm of typical immortal artistic life.
Unique personality: the external appearance is distinct and unique, the internal spirit and personality essence are unique, the phenomenon form cannot be copied, and the personality is full. The richer and more unique personality is, the more artistic vitality it has, and the more it can reflect the situation of the world in which personality lives. The richness of personality is the unity of "one" and "many"
(C) the organic combination of individuality and generality
The difference between typical and general images is also manifested in the organic nature and personality unity of typical * *. It contains two meanings: first, sex and personality are integrated, and sex exists and is expressed through personality; Two, the typical is a vibrant whole, is a complete "world".
Third, typical characters and typical environment.
Typical environment: refers to the unity of the specific living environment of the characters and the times, which is the specific living environment of the characters in the works and embodies the characteristics of the times and the historical development trend.
Typical person: a person who lives in a typical environment and shows some social essence and historical development laws.
Engels put forward the idea of "truly reappearing typical characters in a typical environment", that is, we should pay attention to the unity of characters, environment and times, that is, we should not only unify the characters in the works with their specific living environment, but also truly reflect the background and atmosphere of the times in which characters and environments exist, otherwise it will not be typical. Therefore, shaping the typical environment is the key to portray the typical characters.
Relationship and difference between weight, mass and volume. Weight is your weight, but the relationship between gravity (G) and mass is G=mg(g is a constant, which can be seen as 10N/kg in junior high school), and the mass will not change, that is to say, the mass will not change when you go to the moon, but the gravity (weight) will change, because G on the moon is different from G on the earth, and the volume is the size of the space occupied by objects, which is completely the same as the former two.
Images and artistic images in China's literary theory-the category of China's ancient aesthetics. Meaning refers to the mind; Image refers to the object image. Image is the concrete image contained in the chest, and it is the fusion of the perceptual image of an object and one's own state of mind. The word was originally a philosophical concept. Liu Xie, a A Liang in the Southern Dynasties, used it in artistic creation for the first time in Wen Xin Diao Long, pointing out that "a craftsman can get a glimpse of his image by taking a single photo", indicating that the image of foreign objects should be integrated with interest and emotion in conception to form an aesthetic image.
Artistic conception-Artistic conception refers to the artistic conception and realm expressed in literary and artistic works or natural scenery.
What are the connections and differences between the symbols and components of flash and movies? Edit with anti-editing software, and then open the library with flash of micro-media, or directly find a software to extract library files.
In the relationship between architecture, nature and people, architecture, nature and people are trinity. Their relationship is interdependent, mutually restrictive and mutually reinforcing. How to coordinate their relationship directly affects the survival of mankind.
What is the relationship between knowledge and emotion? The three are interrelated, and cognition is the foundation; Emotion is produced on the basis of cognition, and it will also react on cognition; Will is an emotional process, which also has an impact on cognition.
The relationship between artistic conception and artistic conception (detailed) Artistic conception is the artistic appeal realm that the author expresses his thoughts and feelings through vivid pictures and achieves the unity of "internal things" and "external things". Image is the "cell" of artistic conception, and several harmonious and unified images constitute a complete artistic conception. To create the artistic conception of poetry, we must deal with the dialectical relationship between goodness and image. This relationship, from the content, is manifested as the dialectical relationship between things and aspirations, scenery and emotion, things and reason, people and meaning; Formally speaking, it shows the dialectical relationship between implicit and explicit, virtual and real, and jumping and linking. Only by properly handling the dialectical relationship between images in content and form can we create an artistic realm-artistic conception that is highly integrated with the ideological significance and artistic image of poetry.
Artistic conception is that the author expresses his thoughts and feelings through vivid pictures, and achieves the artistic appeal of the unity of "internal things" and "external things" Artistic conception is the harmony between emotion and scenery, and the harmonious combination of form, meaning and reason. In other words, artistic conception is an artistic environment in which the ideological significance and artistic image of literary and artistic works are highly unified, and it is an artistic image created by the author, which is permeated with aesthetic thoughts and emotions.
Artistic conception is the aesthetic goal pursued by all literary works, especially poetry, and it is the aesthetic subject that China attaches great importance to in the appreciation of traditional literature. There is a saying in the poetry forum that "whether poetry looks good or not depends on the artistic conception", and the same is true. Take Liu Zongyuan's Jiang Xue, which has only 20 crosses, as an example (a bird flies in a dry mountain/a thousand trails without footprints/a boat with a leaf, a bamboo coat/an old man fishing for a cold river-snow). The author combines snow fishing (collectively referred to as "scenery") with his despised lonely mood (meaning) to create a desolate and lonely realm, which is the artistic conception.
This artistic realm, which can arouse readers' imagination and infect readers' thoughts and feelings, is pursued by poets of all ages and is also the highest aesthetic realm of poetry creation. Whether poetry is poetic or not is reflected in this point. How to create this mysterious, beautiful and charming artistic conception? I think the most important thing is to deal with the dialectical relationship between images, or that artistic conception originates from the dialectics of images.
Image is not artistic conception, but it is closely related to artistic conception. Artistic conception is the environment in which the subjective thoughts and artistic forms of the whole work are integrated, and it is the expression of the whole picture and image of the whole poem. Image is only a "cell" that constitutes the artistic realm, a "component" of artistic conception and the basis of artistic conception creation. In short, the two should be the relationship between the whole and the region, the whole and the part. Generally speaking, several harmonious and unified images constitute a beautiful artistic conception.
To create the artistic conception of poetry, we must deal with the dialectical relationship between images. What is the dialectical relationship between images? Generally speaking, image is the image of meaning, which includes two aspects: meaning and image, and the situation with new meaning produced by the combination of the two. Image is the image, representation and foreign object described in poetry, which is objective, visible, concrete and vivid. Good poetry must have "images", so Su Shi praised Wang Wei's poems as "paintings in poems". Image is the reflection of the objective world on the works in the human brain, the external object of "meaning", including visual representation, auditory representation, taste representation, olfactory representation and tactile representation, and the result of the poet's choice of the objective world. "Meaning" is the connotation and theme of poetry expressed by "image", which is subjective, intangible, abstract and generalized, and is the affection implied by image. The ancients said that "words (images) have endless meanings." Usually, we can understand images as external objects such as people, things, objects and scenes in poetry, and understand meaning as internal purposes such as ambition, reason, emotion and righteousness, but with different emphasis. For example, the poem "From the bullet holes of the stars, there will be a bloody dawn" can't be said to have artistic conception, but it has images. Stars, bullet holes, blood, dawn ... can be called "images", which means that these foreign objects are combined and superimposed to form a new meaning different from usual (it seems to be understood as the dawn coming after the war of night). The harmony and unity of the two is called "image".
The relationship between meaning and image should be dialectical. From a philosophical point of view, their relationship is the relationship between form and content. Image is form, which means content. They are dialectical relations of unity of opposites. Certain contents should be expressed in certain forms, and certain forms should serve certain contents. Therefore, image exists for meaning, meaning comes from image, and unintentional image seems to transcend the soul. Therefore, the image of intention is like the image of intention, and the two are inseparable. Image is the form of intention, that is, the content of image.
How to deal with the dialectical relationship between images and create a beautiful artistic conception? First of all, talk about the image content. Specifically, due to the different writing contents and angles, the dialectical relationship of images can be understood as the dialectical relationship between things and aspirations, scenery and feelings, things and reason, and people and meaning.
Topic: On the relationship between reform, development and stability. 1. Unity of reform, development and stability 1. Unity of development and stability. Development and stability are two inseparable states in the movement of things. In human society, only with the continuous development of productive forces, economic growth and people's living standards, can political integrity, harmony and social stability be realized. Development is the foundation of stability, and stability is the condition of development. Stability and development are mutually causal and interdependent. 2. Unity of reform and development. As we all know, in today's society, development is always carried out under a certain system. When a certain system becomes an obstacle to development, it is necessary to clear the obstacles and clear the way for development through reform, so reform has become a means and driving force for development. On the other hand, development is the purpose of reform and the basis of further reform. They are also mutually causal and mutually conditional. It can be said that the introduction of each reform measure should be conducive to solving the urgent problems raised in development. In addition, development can create a good environment and conditions for deepening reform, as Comrade * * * pointed out: "In the process of reform, the risk of deepening reform is much smaller by maintaining good development of production." Development can provide a material basis for reform, enhance the bearing capacity of reform, thus reducing the risk of reform, enhancing people's confidence and enthusiasm for reform, and making the reform advance smoothly. 3. Unity of stability and reform. Reform needs a stable social and political environment, and stability provides a guarantee for the promotion of reform. From the general experience of reform, only in a stable environment can we formulate correct reform measures and implement them effectively; Judging from the main force of reform, only by maintaining the stable basic life order of the people and making most people have stable social and psychological conditions to accept the reform can the reform have a solid mass base; Judging from the practical process of reform, only with steady economic development can the reform proceed smoothly. At the same time, reform plays an important role in promoting stability. Reform refers to the imperfect factors in the concrete system of the real society. Only through reform can we establish a mechanism to promote social stability. It can be said that reform is an important way to achieve long-term social stability. It can be seen that reform and stability are also mutually causal and conditional. Second, the opposition or exclusion between reform, development and stability 1. Opposition or exclusion between development and stability. Development and stability are contradictory. Judging from their performance characteristics, social development needs "dynamic" and social stability needs "static". Of course, this kind of "dynamic" and "static" can be coordinated, but after all, they are two different trends, so they are mutually exclusive and opposite. Realistically speaking, the development of our developing countries is based on reform and the goal is modernization. This means that we must reform some long-term stable things, such as the original stable system and concept. Many scholars who study modernization believe that the process of modernization is bound to be accompanied by social instability. Because, in the process of modernization, the changes in politics, economy and society are obviously accelerated, which will bring shocks to social stability. The influence and impact of development on stability are mainly manifested in four aspects: First, the transformation from a closed traditional agricultural society to an open modern industrial society will lead to a certain degree of social instability. Take the "tide of migrant workers", which is widely concerned by all walks of life, as an example. According to statistics, among these 800 million farmers, there are more than 200 million rural surplus laborers, and more than 30 million people move across provinces. Due to the lack of effective diversion and management measures, most of them flock to large and medium-sized cities blindly, causing great pressure on cities; The increasing number of criminals among the floating population has seriously affected social stability. Second, the rapid development of economy and society will also cause social instability. Although China has begun to implement the fundamental transformation of its development strategy, many contradictions and problems in its development, such as unreasonable economic structure, poor efficiency and uncoordinated economic and social development, have not been fundamentally solved, which will easily lead to the growth of social instability. Third, conflicts between different interest groups can easily lead to social instability. Various forms of ownership have broken through the original interest structure and gradually formed a new and reasonable interest structure and distribution relationship, which will inevitably lead to contradictions among groups. If these contradictions are not handled well, it will affect social stability. Fourth, the conflict between different cultures and values is the ideological motivation of social instability. With the development of market economy, the socialist ideology, values and morality guided by Marxism are impacted by the remnants of feudalism, especially the decadent values and morality of the bourgeoisie; The fierce collision between modern culture and traditional culture, local culture and foreign culture makes people feel at a loss, and feedback to social life will produce behaviors that are not conducive to social stability. Similarly, stability is restrictive and exclusive to development. If stability is absolute, it will restrict or even hinder economic and social development. For example, the feudal society in China, after more than two thousand years, has become a "ripe fruit" with no room for development. But until the Opium War, it remained deformed and stable, and some people called it "ultra-stable society". This "stability" violates the objective law of human social development, leading to social stagnation, corruption and loss of vitality. So we should abandon the view of absolute stability. The stability we emphasize is to maintain the orderly and regular development trend of socialist modernization and maintain a stable and United social production and living environment. 2. Opposition or exclusion between reform and development. Generally speaking, the opposition and exclusion between reform and development are generally manifested as two contradictions. The first contradiction is a recurring contradiction. Generally speaking, due to the limited material conditions, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of reform and development, but it is difficult to take into account contradictions. When economic growth blindly pursues high speed and takes up too much financial and material resources, it will inevitably tighten the economic environment for reform and have little room for manoeuvre, leading to intensified contradictions between the two. On the other hand, when the reform is eager for success, major reform measures are frequently introduced, and the cost exceeds the economic capacity, economic development will also be affected, thus intensifying the opposition between the two. The second contradiction is transitional contradiction. It will gradually disappear with the completion of the "two transformations" process. At present, China is undergoing the transformation of economic system and economic growth mode. These "two changes" will take a long time, and many aspects cannot be achieved in one step. This is bound to take some transitional forms, which inevitably leads to various contradictions between reform and development caused by the interweaving and friction of the above-mentioned old and new systems and old development strategies. Judging from the process of economic system reform, the reform is advancing in depth, and the framework of market economy system has basically taken shape, but some aspects are not fully in place, such as project approval, capital lending, tax collection and management, etc. All these remain traces of planned economy, which restricts economic development. For another example, in terms of resource allocation, there is a problem that countries, localities and enterprises allocate resources separately, which is prone to disorderly allocation of resources and causes serious waste of resources. From the perspective of the strategic transformation of economic development, in the process of China's economic development from speed to efficiency, due to the subjective lack of understanding of the laws of market economy, the conditions for transformation have not been fully met objectively (such as prominent economic structural contradictions and weak scientific and technological innovation ability), and the macroeconomic environment has become "overheated" and "urgent", which is obviously not conducive to the promotion of reform. In addition, our political system reform, economic system reform and other reforms cannot be promoted together, which is also an important factor restricting development. 3. Opposition or exclusion between stability and reform. First of all, look at the constraints or restrictions of stability on reform. This is mainly manifested in two aspects. First, the original social stability mechanism has formed a fixed institutional link with the specific systems in all aspects of society. If we want to reform the original system, it will be bound to be restricted by the original mechanism. Even the backward links and factors in the specific system will not easily withdraw from the historical stage. The old positive forces must repel the new negative forces, and it is not easy to achieve the goal without the arduous and complicated struggle process. Therefore, in the process of the transformation of the old and new systems, there will inevitably be many frictions and contests. Second, the social stability mechanism will inevitably respond quickly and strongly to various unstable factors brought about by the reform. This reaction to the social impact factors brought about by the reform is also an important manifestation of stability's restriction on the reform.
Discuss the relationship between prosperity and adversity. Prosperity, adversity and talent
In life, we often come into contact with the saying that adversity makes talents. Such as bacon's "miracles often happen in bad luck." Belinsky's misfortune is the best university. In China, the "initiator" (please forgive me for abusing idioms) refers to Mencius. The phrase "born in sorrow and died in happiness" has inspired many desperate people to work hard to achieve great things, and of course it has also played many negative roles.
Speaking of negative effects, maybe you are being influenced by them. I don't know how many rich children, high-ranking officials, carefree people, and people who obviously have favorable conditions have lost their confidence in making progress and hid in a sad fate for thousands of years: isn't it said that adversity can make people become talents? We live happily, how can we succeed?
Indeed, this undoubtedly gives them an excellent excuse to be lazy.
Throughout the world, adversity has indeed created many talents. If nothing else, there are: "Wang Wen was arrested and played Zhouyi, and Zhong You wrote Spring and Autumn." There are countless foreign countries such as Edison and Beethoven.
However, don't forget another sentence: adversity is used to temper the will, and prosperity is used to develop the cause. (Wang Guozhen)
Edison, the great inventor, was indeed tested by adversity when he was young, but later his electric light made him gain great glory and wealth. Isn't he like this in good times? Did Edison sink in prosperity? Is it decadent? No, he continued to make preparations, developed his own career and created more than 1000 inventions.
People often tell the story of the King of Yue that "more than 3,000 armour can swallow Wu". However, just imagine if Gou Jian had the strength of Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, when he worked hard. I'm afraid the ending is not just as simple as "swallowing Wu"
Look, isn't prosperity the development platform and wings that talents are striving for?
Who says you will surely sink to death in prosperity and happiness? Look at Franklin, his family is very rich, but he used his wealth to make scientific inventions such as lightning rods, participated in the American War of Independence, and made a great life. There is also Prince Henry of Portugal. He is a royal family, but he is keen on adventure. He started a maritime school and personally trained sailors, which greatly developed the maritime career. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty was born in the deep palace since childhood and lived a life of reaching out from his mouth. He didn't become the bowl chopsticks of the Eight Banners, but became a great emperor. ...
In fact, people often have such prejudice against prosperity and adversity. Happiness is prosperity and pain is adversity. This is not wrong, but it is not entirely correct. Don't forget, there is another thing in the world called sugar-coated cannonball.
Many people think that they "were born under the red flag and grew up in honey water" and can't succeed in their careers, as a reason to give up their efforts and be lazy. As everyone knows, this is the biggest adversity!
Adversity and prosperity are not absolute. The same situation can be adversity or prosperity, and the key lies in the people in it. My friend, if you feel that the current living environment is hindering your development and progress, you might as well regard it as adversity and use it to hone your will; If you feel that there is too much pain and helplessness in your life, it doesn't matter. Isn't this the greatest motivation for people to forge ahead and the best prosperity for their development?
God is equal to everyone, and there is no reason for anyone to be lazy. As long as they start to do it, no matter who is in adversity or prosperity, anyone has the opportunity to become a talent.
The relationship between differentiability and differentiability, continuity can be deduced from each other … but they are two different concepts … differentiability is continuous but not necessarily differentiable, for example, Y=|X| is continuous but X=0 is not differentiable.