The oral literature spread among the people is an important part of national traditional culture and has its own characteristics in different regions. All kinds of folk literature works in Zhoushan are branded with the imprint of the ocean, and they are authentic treasures of marine literature and art. The legends of marine animals, marine specialties, island customs, island names, island Buddhism and Taoism, and arowana stories and legends are all folk literature works that can best reflect the characteristics of marine literature and art.
Fish story? A large number of fish stories have the nature of fables and fairy tales. For example, the story of Yellow Croaker tells a race between Yellow Croaker and Red Croaker. The yellow croaker is full of pride, rushing and rushing, hitting the reef and the wall, and two stones (stone heads) are embedded in his head, but he still can't take them out; Ruo Kun fish opportunistic, want to take a shortcut, impatient hurriedly got into a gap, scraped off half of the scales, and half of the body can't grow scales; The shrimp worm standing by watching the excitement, seeing two competitors injured, gloated and laughed from ear to ear, and became a "dragging shrimp worm". This story vividly tells readers the characteristics and personalities of these three kinds of fish. Stories like Plum DaHai You, Hairy Dancer, Fighting Fish and Black Shark, Catfish Joining Their Families are all very informative and interesting. For example, why do jellyfish have no eyes? Why do you say "pomfret is stupid enough to claim to shrink, but it kills itself"? Why do you say "the giant fish is stupid, with a sharp front and easy to get in, so it is difficult to hang the net"? Why are fierce black sharks killed by small fish, shrimp, clam and blue crab?
Fishermen's Life Stories Among Zhoushan folk stories, there are many stories that reflect fishermen's interest in life, such as "Where is the best fish", "Master No.1 and Amao" and "Two oars bet on getting married", all of which praise fishermen's intelligence. "Where is the best fish?" The story is that the emperor invited the prime minister and the three ministers of the Ministry of War to dinner. When the chef brought a pot of fish, the emperor asked three ministers: where is the best meat of fish? Prime Minister Zuo said first, "Fish heads are the best." The emperor was silent. The right prime minister saw that the emperor disagreed with the left prime minister, so he went on to say, "fish is the best." When the Minister of War saw that the emperor still disagreed, he immediately said, "Fishtail is the best." The emperor was very angry and said, "You three are my right-hand men, and eating a fish is inconsistent.". You all want to please me. If there is a national event, will you do the same? " In a rage, he let the samurai put them all in prison. Fortunately, the strategist stood up and said to be fair: it is unreasonable to eat a fish and hurt three ministers; Moreover, one of the three people is always right, and it is unfair to go to prison without asking questions. He suggested asking an old fisherman. As a result, the old fisherman was invited When the old fisherman arrived at Shili Pavilion, Prime Minister Zuo sent someone to wait. First, I gave him five taels of gold and told him that fish heads were the best when I met the emperor. When he entered Wu Liting, the right prime minister sent someone to wait for him. He also sent five taels of gold and told him that this fish was the best when he saw the emperor. At the gate of the Forbidden City, the Ministry of War also sent someone to wait, and gave him five taels of gold, telling him to say that fish tails are the best when he met the emperor. You're welcome. The old fishermen accepted the gifts one by one, and they all agreed to their demands. After seeing the emperor, the old fisherman said, "It depends on the season to eat fish. In spring, fish feed everywhere and eat fat heads. Fish head is the best at this time. " In summer, when the weather is hot and the temperature is high, the fish will rest in the depths of the sea, raise a fat belly, and then the fish will be delicious; In autumn, fish need to find a suitable place to lay eggs, and swim east and west, with a large amount of tail activity. Fish tail is the best at this time. In winter, after a year of swimming, the fish just laid eggs, and it was fat from beginning to end. At this time, the whole fish is delicious. "The emperor felt reasonable, rewarded the old fisherman with twelve taels of gold, and relieved three ministers. This story not only tells the wisdom of the old fisherman, but also satirizes the ministers who specialize in pleasing their superiors and acting in front of themselves, and also satirizes the fatuity and incompetence of feudal emperors. Stories like this are circulated in fishing villages.
Among the fishermen's stories, there is also a story that focuses on the style and spirit of fishermen, such as "Qingbang Miao Zi Lake, Bodhisattva wears cage pants", which tells the story of an old fisherman who has just started a pilot project for fishermen. The story of cengang Bailong tells the story of yangfu, the incarnation of the dragon, who fished for fishermen. The Origin of Ship's Eyes tells that fishermen are eager to have a pair of eyes that can see through the bottom of the sea in order to catch more fish and avoid disasters. There are also stories such as "The Dragon King loses chess" and "The fisherman wants to impress the Dragon King", which all reflect the selfless and fearless spirit of the fisherman who dares to compete with the Dragon King regardless of whether he is afraid of the sky or not.
Island reef place name story? Thousands of islands and reefs in Zhoushan Islands are distributed in the East China Sea with their magical colors, and almost every island and reef has a beautiful legend. For example, the legend of the fall of Tokyo and the rise of Chongming, the origin of shenjiamen, the story of Penglai in Tie Guai Li, the story of Jinyinshan, the splash-ink peach blossom of An Qi Sheng, and the Niangniang Reef, Wuhu Reef, Meiren Reef, Taipo Reef, Widow Reef and so on. Most of these island reef legends punish evil and promote good, and fight against the sky. The story of "the collapse of Tokyo and the rise of Chongming" contains the content of promoting good and punishing evil, the content of honoring parents and the origin of island changes. The story of Peach Blossom Mountain describes the process of An Qisheng's coming to Peach Blossom Island for seclusion, practice and alchemy, as well as the story of "Peach Blossom Splashing Ink" that spread through the ages when he left, from which the place name of Peach Blossom Island came. Jin Yong's Legend of the Condor Heroes has added many humorous and magical stories and legends to Peach Blossom Island since it became popular in 1980s.
The story of the boat? Zhoushan people live on the island, open the door to the sea and travel by boat. Ships are both production tools and transportation tools. Therefore, the ship is sacred in the eyes of Zhoushan people and is more important than life. Numerous fishing boat stories were born. For example, why do fishermen call this boat "Zhoushan Fishing Boat in Long Mu"? Why do they want to install a pair of beautiful and magical eyes on fishing boats? Why is the water tank on a fishing boat called "water living (soul) spirit" What is the zodiac on board? Why is the iron anchor hanging outside the bow? Why can't seven men and one woman sail with the ship? Every boat-related problem has a beautiful and magical story circulating among fishermen. In addition, there are many taboos on fishing boats, such as: women can't get on the fishing boat, people who are married or married can't get on the boat, people on other boats can't pull mutton skewers, can't whistle on the fishing boat, can't throw small glasses and spoons back when eating on the boat, can't stand chopsticks, and so on. These folk customs are closely related to marine life and have become an integral part of marine literature and art. Many writers in Zhoushan attach great importance to using folk stories and folk customs as materials to enrich the life breath and marine characteristics of literary works.
The legend of dragons? This is also a species with unique marine cultural characteristics in Zhoushan folk literature. Zhoushan islanders living in the East China Sea are deeply influenced by the "divinity" of dragons because they deal with the sea every day. They associate their life, fate, luck and misfortune with the traditional consciousness of dragons. The harvest of fishing at sea is said to be "the blessing of the sea dragon king"; Fishing boats are in distress at sea, which is called "the curse of the sea dragon king"; Folk customs such as "fishermen wear cage pants", "dragon ribs in shipbuilding", "dragon flag on board", "fishing to support wooden dragons" and "Lantern Festival to welcome dragons", as well as "Longshan", "dragon tongue", "Longdong", "Longtan", "Huanglong Island", "Qinglong Mountain" and "Shuanglong Stone". The Legend of the Dragon in the East China Sea published by 1988 contains 30 stories about dragons. These stories are full of marine life. With bizarre and tortuous plots, colorful pictures and easy-to-understand language, they depict various artistic images of dragons in an extremely romantic way, reflecting the communication, friendship and struggle between dragons, dragons and gods, dragons and dragons. Among them, some do good deeds to save people. There are the Dragon King, Princess Sancui and Peach Blossom Dragon who are loyal to love, Jinlong and Daishan Brown Dragon who look forward to the future life, and so on. These stories pinned people's good wishes, expressed the working people's spirit of conquering nature from different angles, praised the virtues of kindness, honesty, beauty and wit, and lashed vicious, treacherous, ugly and stupid behaviors. There are also some stories about people fighting against the dragon and fighting for freedom, such as "the dragon king loses chess", "the boss fights the dragon king", "the grass dragon chases his wife" and "the one-horned dragon kills intelligently", all of which reflect people's strong desire and heroism to conquer nature, and the spirit of people who dare to mock and despise the incarnation of the dragon (the emperor).
In addition to folk stories, there are a large number of folk songs and proverbs, which are full of marine life. Taking marine production as the specific condition, it contains the life themes and artistic techniques created by working people, shows people's thoughts, wishes and ideals, truly and vividly reflects the social, class and living conditions of fishing areas in various historical periods, exposes and criticizes the greed, ignorance and darkness of the ruling class, and expresses the joy and hardship of fishermen.
To sum up, folk stories, folk songs and folk proverbs spread all over Zhoushan profoundly reflect the traditional virtues of Zhoushan people, remind people of the moral standards of distinguishing truth, goodness and beauty, and reflect people's thoughts and wishes of distinguishing love from hate, promoting good and abandoning evil, and loving beauty and hating ugliness. These folk oral literature works reflect the entrepreneurial spirit of Zhoushan people who love labor and strive for a better ideal. The lofty qualities of unity and mutual assistance, putting others before oneself, and self-sacrifice for others; Honesty, modesty and courtesy; Ethics of family harmony, respecting the old and loving the young; And the intelligence and wisdom of working people who dare to fight the storm, control the storm and fight the sea and the sky in marine production and life. All these contents, whether positive praise or side exposure, belong to the category of spiritual civilization construction and reflect the spiritual sustenance and yearning of working people in a region. Therefore, while "developing the material resources of the ocean", we should attach great importance to the spiritual and cultural resources of "developing the ocean". This kind of spiritual and cultural resources is inexhaustible. It is necessary to further organize and mobilize folk literary and art workers, continue to carry out the collection and collation of folk literature, and on the basis of the collection and collation, in the spirit of "being active, healthy, digging deep into the theme and re-creating", process, collate and re-create oral literature works from the folk, and use stories, operas, television and other means to expand the publicity effect and better play the special role of folk literature in the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.