Tengwang Pavilion enjoys a great reputation, which is largely attributed to a well-known essay "Preface to Tengwang Pavilion". Legend has it that at that time, the poet Wang Bo was visiting relatives and passing by Nanchang, just in time to catch up with the rebuilding of Tengwang Pavilion by Yan DuDu, and gave a big banquet to the guests at the pavilion. Wang Bo wrote this farewell preface to Tengwang Pavilion in Autumn (that is, the preface to Tengwang Pavilion) on the spot. After Wang Bo wrote it, Wang Zhongshu wrote it and Wang Xu wrote it, which was called "Three Kings' Article" in history.
Teaching objectives
Knowledge objectives
1. Understand the characteristics of parallel prose.
2. Master the writing skills of integrating narrative, scenery and lyricism, and be good at combining allusions with eye prospects.
3. Understand and accumulate the meaning and usage of the following classical Chinese words "so, exhausted, genus, namely, and, yi".
Ability goal
1. Learn and understand the beautiful language and its expression in this article, and conduct classical Chinese imitation writing training.
2. Recite 2~5 paragraphs skillfully.
moral education goal
to guide students to establish a noble outlook on life, with lofty aspirations and a sense of mission in life; Be able to treat setbacks correctly, even in adversity, laugh at life and always have confidence in life.
teaching focus
1. Understanding This article praises Hongzhou with rich words, describes the feast, and describes the magnificence of Tengwang Pavilion and the vast and magnificent mountains and rivers of autumn scenery, so as to express his complex feelings of being incompetent, resentful and sad but unwilling to sink.
2. Analyze the meanings of polysemous words such as "reason, exhaustion, genus, namely".
Difficulties in teaching
1. Learn the writing skills of integrating things, scenes and feelings.
2. Instruct students to recite 2~5 paragraphs.
teaching methods
1. reading method (the article is a parallel prose, with neat names and easy reading. Through students' repeated reading, they will constantly cultivate their perception and understanding of the works.
2. The method of instruction and classification (for example, when reading words, feedback students' mastery in time in the form of exercises, and timely instruction and summary, so as to consolidate old knowledge and accumulate new knowledge).
3. Discussion method (For some difficult problems, such as the author's expressing his feelings that he didn't meet his talents, he can find a solution through discussion between teachers and students. )
class arrangement
3 class hours
Teaching steps
First, the lead design:
The sentence "Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn waters * * * the sky is the same color" must be familiar to students. Where does this timeless famous sentence come from? (Student's answer) Yes, it comes from the famous parallel prose Preface to Tengwang Pavilion, which has been handed down from ancient times to modern times, and even more from the mouth of Wang Bo, a rare talent. In this class, we began to learn the Preface to Tengwang Pavilion, and deeply felt his full literary talent.
Second, solving problems:
1. Preface, a style. There are book preface, gift preface, banquet preface and so on. Preface to a book is an explanatory or evaluative text before a book or poem, such as Preface to Selected Works by Liang Xiao Tong in the Southern Dynasties. The preface to the gift means that relatives and friends give each other a composition to express their farewell, wishes and encouragement, such as Han Yu's preface to seeing Ma Sheng off Dongyang. The separation of banquet sets means that when the ancients had a banquet set, they often wrote poems together, and after the poems were completed, they recommended one person as a preface. This kind of preface is called the preface to the banquet set, such as Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection. This article is a farewell preface, that is, a farewell message, which belongs to the category of gift preface.
2. Parallel prose is a new style that came into being after Wei and Jin Dynasties, also known as parallel prose. The Southern and Northern Dynasties were the heyday of parallel prose. The expression of parallel prose is different from that of ordinary prose, which has three characteristics in language: the first is the characteristics of sentences, namely parallel couple and "Si Liu"; The second is the phonetic characteristics, that is, flat and even; The third is the characteristics of words, that is, the use of canon and algae decoration.
3. Wang Bo and the writing background of the article
Wang Bo (649~675), born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi), was a writer in the early Tang Dynasty. Together with Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin and Luo Bin, they are also called "Wang Yang Lu Luo", also known as "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty". Wang Bo's talent showed up early. At the age of six, he was good at writing articles, and at the age of fourteen, he won the first place in the imperial examination. Liu Xiangdao, the chief criminal, praised him as a child prodigy, recommended him to the court, and took countermeasures to help aid Korea and disperse Lang. Li Xian, the king of Pei, heard of his reputation and invited him to be a servant in the Wangfu. Two years later, Tang Gaozong was angered by a game article titled "Chicken of the King of Ba" and was expelled from the Wangfu. Later, he committed a crime for killing government slaves, and his father was also implicated, and he was demoted to a toe order. In the second year of Shangyuan (AD 675), Wang Bo went to Jiaojiao to visit his relatives in Nanchang, just in time to catch up with the local governor, Yan Mou, to have a banquet for his family and guests at Tengwang Guest House. Wang Bo wrote a poem at the banquet and wrote this famous Preface to King Teng. Two months later, Wang Bo crossed the sea and drowned, and died young.
third, read aloud and dredge.
1. Students read and translate the notes.
2, the teacher explained.
Fourth, preliminary perception of the text
1. Students read the text collectively.
2. Question: From the content, how many parts can the article be divided into?
after thinking, it is clear that the full text can be divided into four parts. The first part (paragraph 1): Summarize the geographical features of Hongzhou and draw out the people attending the banquet. The second part (paragraphs 2 and 3): Write about the myriad weather and the surrounding natural and cultural landscape of Tengwang Pavilion in Sanqiu season. The third part (paragraphs 4 and 5): Write the grand occasion of the banquet and express the feelings of life. The fourth part (paragraphs 6 and 7): Tell your own life experience and the anguish of not meeting your talents, and lament that the feast is hard to come again.
5. Study the first part of the article (paragraph 1)
1. Assign a student to read the first paragraph aloud.
2. Question: How did the author write the geographical features of Hongzhou? What features are highlighted?
After thinking, the students made it clear: "Yuzhang is the old county and Hongdu is the new house." From ancient times to the present, write the evolution of names, give consideration to history and reality, and tell the long history; "The stars are divided into wings, and the earth is connected with Henglu". From the sky to the earth, we can see the vastness of the territory. "Jin Sanjiang and Five Lakes, Control Manjing and Lead Ouyue" specifically describes the geographical location and the grandeur of the terrain.
3. Question: What are the characteristics of the words from "a treasure of things" to "the host and the guest do their best in the southeast"?
It is clear that the four sentences of "the splendor of things and treasures" are written about the prosperity of characters (the sentence of "Dragon Light Shoots the Market of Cows Fighting" echoes "the stars are divided into wings"; The phrase "Xu Ru went down to the couch of Chen Fan" paved the way for the appearance of "Hongdu" talents at that time). The four sentences of "Xiongzhou fog column" cross the terrain and talents together. ("Xiongzhou fog column" is written on the ground, which is a supplement to the four sentences of "star division"; "Brilliant talent" is the expression of the four sentences of "things and things". The sentence of "Tai Huang" repeats the four sentences of "Star Divide", and the sentence of "guest and host" supplements the four sentences of "material splendor" and paves the way for the following article. )
4. Question: Which word did the author take care of in writing about the people attending the banquet?
clear: when writing the characters attending the banquet, the author used such words as "elegant look", "elegant style", "winning friends", "making a dumpling to raise a phoenix" and "clearing the frost with purple electricity", which made the best use of the characters' literary skills and took care of the word "handsome talent" mentioned above.
5. Question: At the beginning, the article does not write about the balcony or the banquet, but writes about the terrain and people first. What are the advantages of this writing?
Clarity: The article borrows the method of laying out the facts, recounts the great boundary, the majestic terrain, the rich products and the handsome talents, which not only renders the atmosphere of harmony and the elegance of the banquet, but also closely takes care of the title "The Farewell Preface to Tengwang Pavilion in Autumn".
blackboard writing: Hongzhou terrain, banquet guests and hosts
long history
large territory
rich products
handsome talents
6. Question: Students try to recite the text according to blackboard writing.
VI. Study the second part of the article (paragraphs 2 and 3) in detail.
1. Students read paragraphs 2 and 3 in groups.
2. Students discuss in groups of four: How does the author write about the splendor of Tengwang Pavilion and its surrounding scenery?
Clear: "September is the time, and the order belongs to Sanqiu" points out the season, closely following "autumn" in the title. The second sentence of "flowing water" captures "autumn water" and "autumn color" and writes autumn scenery. The following four sentences describe the process of coming to the pavilion, and the guests drove famous cars and horses to visit Tengwang Pavilion. The following eight sentences describe the natural environment and momentum of Tengwang Pavilion, pointing out that the Pavilion is in a place where mountains and rivers win. "Embroidering" is written as follows: "Yamahara" two sentences, writing the beauty of mountains and rivers; The following four sentences of "Lu Yan" describe the prosperous, rich and peaceful weather; "Cloud sales" four sentences to write natural scenery; The following four sentences of "fishing boat" are collected from the previous article, and the joy of life and the song of migratory birds are written.
3. Students read the text silently and draw sentences describing the magnificent building of Tengwang Pavilion and the beautiful autumn scenery around it. Then discuss how this part combines narrative, scenery writing and lyricism.
Clear: In this part, the author takes the readers to the famous building and climb the pavilion to see the magnificence of the balcony, the vastness of mountains and rivers, the prosperity of the streets, and the numerous boats, dotted with fishing songs and the sound of geese, depicting a picture with bright colors and mixed scenes. "The water is exhausted and the cold pool is clear", and the clear pool gives people a refreshing feeling. Towering into the sky, the Tengwang Pavilion is breathtaking. "Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn water * * * sky is the same color" hazy autumn scenery, "Lu Yan flapping on the ground, the home of bells and bells; The richness and peace of Ge Ship Mijin and Jade Bird Huanglong are filled with the author's extremely happy mood. The author's joy in writing about himself is not ostentatious, but is expressed in a subtle and indirect way, giving people a seamless and seamless feeling.
4. Students carefully taste the characteristics of the scene and the artistic conception described in the famous sentence "Sunset and Lonely Qi Fei, Autumn Water * * * The sky is one color", and expand the sentence into a short article of about hundreds of words. Pay attention to the language to be literary.
5. Students read aloud or try to recite the second part.
landscape autumn scenery
blackboard writing: the scenery around the pavilion, the magnificent construction of natural culture
the flourishing population
VII. Study the third part of the article in detail (paragraphs 4 and 5).
1. paragraphs 4 and 5 of teacher's model.
2. Question: How is the idea of this part arranged? How has the author's emotion changed?
after reading the text silently and thinking, it is clear that this part writes about the feelings of life caused by joyful feasting and entertainment. The following eight sentences describe the scenes of drinking and entertainment: the prosperity of orchestral strings, the beauty of singing and the number of talents. After "four beauties, two difficulties", I suddenly felt deep sadness in the management of poetry, wine and songs. "Poor in the sky" leads to the sentence "the sky is high and the earth is wide"; "I am extremely entertaining in my spare time", which leads to the sentence "I am happy and sad". Show your feelings about the short life and unfinished business and your powerlessness in the face of "fate", that is, express your deep sadness. The following ten sentences, "Looking at Chang 'an in the sun", are related to personal life experience and reveal the deep loneliness in a direct way. It includes both the pain of his father being demoted and the sadness of his personal career disappointment. "Hehu" originated and turned into a stronger lyric. Four allusions are quoted in the following ten sentences of "Bad luck", so as to show that the years are easy and the achievements are difficult, showing the sadness of humbling the old and the negative psychology of know life. Quote after "being old and strong", and express your ambition with all your strength, which will never change slightly because of being old and difficult, revealing the great feelings of optimism.
writing on the blackboard: grand banquet, feeling of life
party fun (joy)
sigh of life (sadness)
ambition is not easy (optimism)
3. Let students talk about their understanding of "being poor and strengthening, not falling into the blue sky".
coaching: We should establish a noble outlook on life, not bend over in the face of setbacks, but laugh at difficulties, establish the courage to win the battle, and cultivate ourselves into a courageous person who can see the future of our career.
4. Students try to recite this part of the text.
VIII. Study the fourth part of the article in detail (paragraphs 6 and 7).
1. Students read paragraphs 6 and 7 in groups.
2. Question: What did you write in the last two paragraphs?
after thinking, the students made it clear that the sixth paragraph was written by personal experience and passed through Tengwang Pavilion. They were lucky enough to attend the banquet and should be asked to write a poem. In the seventh paragraph, I write that I am grateful to the host for his kindness in meeting him, and I am attached to this grand banquet.
3. students discuss: how to take care of the article before and after, and what are the benefits of writing like this?
clear: there are two things to take care of before and after: first, the banquet begins to take care of the banquet; Second, the author himself takes care of the modest words when he enters and exits. This writing is connected from beginning to end, in one go, impeccable.
4. Students try to recite the last two paragraphs.
Second, Wang Bo's Poems (Selected 3)
(1) Poems by Teng Wangge Wang Bo
Teng Wanggao Pavilion is in Linjiangzhu, and Pei Yu sings and dances.
Draw a building that flies toward Nanpu Cloud, and the bead curtain rolls up the rain in the western hills at dusk.
the shadows of the clouds and pools are lingering, and things change for the stars to move for several years.
where is the emperor in the pavilion today? Outside the threshold, the Yangtze River flows by itself.
The high Tengwang Pavilion is facing a small island in the middle of the river. I think that Tengwang, who built the Pavilion in those years, has died, and he came to the Pavilion in a horse-drawn carriage with beautiful Yu Pei. The luxurious scene is gone forever. The bead curtain painted in the pavilion is cold and pitiful, and only the clouds in Nanpu, the rain in the western hills, and the dusk and dusk are accompanied by it. The leisurely white clouds and the shadow of the deep pool (referring to the river) have gone through many spring and autumn. Teng Wang died, but the Yangtze River outside the threshold flows eastward forever.
(2) Send Du Shaofu's appointment as Shu Chuan Wang Bo
by this wall that surrounds the three Qin districts, through a mist that makes five rivers one.
we bid each other a sad farewell, we two officials going opposite ways.
and yet, while China holds our friendship, and heaven remains our neighbourhood.
why should you linger at the fork of the road, children * * * with towels.
(3) Wang Bo in the mountains
The sorrow of the Yangtze River has stagnated, and Wan Li will return home.
it's windy and late, and the mountains are yellow and the leaves are flying.