The first sentence is "Wild grass flowers beside Suzaku Bridge", which spans the Qinhuai River in Nanjing and is the only way from downtown to Wuyi Lane. The bridge and Wuyi Lane on the south bank are not only geographically adjacent, but also historically related. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wuyi Township was a inhabited area of Tujia people in Gaomen, where Wang Dao, the founding father, and Xie An, who commanded the Battle of Feishui, lived. The heavy building decorated with two bronze finches on the ancient bridge was built by Xie An. Literally, Suzaku Bridge is even opposite Wuyi Lane. Using Suzaku Bridge to sketch the environment of Wuyi Lane not only conforms to the geographical reality, but also creates the aesthetic feeling of antithesis and evokes relevant historical associations. It is the choice of "killing three birds with one stone". What is striking in the sentence is the wild flowers overgrown with weeds by the bridge. The grass grows and flowers bloom, indicating that spring has arrived. Putting the word "wild" in front of "grass flowers" adds a lonely atmosphere to the scenery. In addition, these weeds and wild flowers grow beside the busy Suzaku Bridge, which reminds us that they may contain profound meanings. I remember that the author once used "weeds" as a symbol of decline in the poem "Thousands of Families Become Weeds" ("Taicheng"). Now, in this poem, "weeds and flowers" are highlighted in this way, which shows that the once prosperous Suzaku Bridge has become desolate and desolate today!
The second sentence, "Sunset at the entrance of Wuyi Lane", shows that Wuyi Lane is not only set in the background of the dilapidated and desolate ancient bridge, but also presented in the afterglow of the sunset. The word "oblique" in the sentence corresponds to the word "flower" in the previous sentence. As a verb, it is the dynamic of writing the scene. "Sunset", the sunset in the west, and then click the word "oblique" to highlight the bleak scene of the sunset. Wuyi Lane, which was originally in its heyday, should have returned home with clothes on. Now, with a touch of oblique light, the author completely enveloped Wuyi Lane in a lonely and desolate atmosphere.
After comparing the environment and rendering the atmosphere, it seems that it is time to describe the changes in Wuyi Lane in a positive way and express the author's feelings. However, the author did not use too shallow writing methods, such as "Who lives in Wuyi Lane, looking back makes people remember" (Sun's "Wu Yi Lane Fu"), "Nowhere to find a house, falling flowers and singing birds in Liling Spring" (anonymous) and so on; Instead, with the help of the description of the scenery, he continued to write a well-known sentence: "The old Wang Xietang died and flew into the homes of ordinary people." Unexpectedly, he suddenly turned his brush strokes to the swallows nesting over Wuyi Lane, which made people recognize where the swallows were flying. Now, ordinary people live in Wuyi Lane. In order to make readers clearly understand the poet's intention, the author points out that these swallows flying into people's homes used to be old swallows living on the eaves of Wang Xiequan's high hall. The word "old times" gives the swallow the identity of a historical witness. The word "ordinary" especially emphasizes how different the residents today are from the past. From this, we can clearly hear the author's infinite feelings about this change.
The design of Yan Fei's image seems easy, but it actually reflects the author's artistic originality and rich imagination. Jin Fuxian's Preface to Yan Fu said: "According to legend, Yan will will nest here this year and return next year. It will die, just cut its claws. The consequences are far-reaching. " Of course, in life, even a swallow with a very long life can't be an old swallow "in front of Wang Xietang" 400 years ago. However, the author captures the characteristics of swallows as migratory birds living in the old nest, which is enough to arouse readers' imagination, suggesting the prosperity of Wuyi Lane in the past and playing a prominent role in comparing the past with the present. Wuyi Lane focuses on the present situation of Wuyi Lane in artistic expression. Just a subtle hint of its past. The poet's feelings are hidden and hidden, which are contained in the description of the scenery. Therefore, although its scenery is ordinary and its language is simple, it has an implicit beauty that makes people memorable.
"Poetry" wildflowers are in full bloom at Suzaku Bridge, and the sun sets at the corner of Wuyi Lane, reflecting disappointment and desolation. The glory and glory of the past have long since ceased to exist. Swallows used to live in luxury houses such as Wangdao and Xie 'an, but now they fly to the homes of ordinary people.
Appreciation: the poet's deep affection for ups and downs. Suzaku Bridge and Wuyi Lane are still the same, just overgrown with weeds and the setting sun is slanting. The desolate scene implies the poet's sensitive experience of prosperity and decline. The last two sentences use the swallow nest to express the author's lament over the vicissitudes of the world, ups and downs, and the pen is particularly tortuous. This poem is the second in Liu Yuxi's famous epic Five Topics of Jinling.
Why is Wuyi Lane named?
Wuyi Lane, located in the south of Chi Pan of Confucius Temple, is the oldest street in Nanjing and the former residence of Wang Dao and Xie 'an, the prime ministers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It was very prominent in the Six Dynasties, and a poem "Wuyi Lane" by Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, made it spread through the ages. The origin of the name Wuyi Lane has also attracted people's attention.
There are myths and legends: Wang Xie, a native of Jinling, capsized during the voyage, drifted to Wuyi country, got married and had children, and then returned to his hometown, but he missed his relatives in Wuyi country very much, so he named the alley where he lived "Wuyi Lane". There is also a saying that Wang Dao and Xie An, two disciples, like to wear black clothes because of their romantic skirts, so later generations called this alley "Wuyi Lane".
In fact, the name Wuyi Lane originated when Sun Quan made Nanjing his capital. In 229 AD, Sun Quan made Nanjing his capital. At that time, the east bank of Qinhuai River was still a suburb, and troops were stationed to defend the capital. Because the soldiers are all dressed in black, this military camp is called "Wuyi Camp". At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the former site of Wuyiying was renamed Wuyiying. After Si Marui crossed the river to Jiankang, Wang and Xie established Wuyi Lane.
This is a nostalgic work, that is, the poet visited Yue Zhong (Tang Yue is in the middle, now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and wrote it down because of the famous events in its ancient history. During the Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue and China competed for southern hegemony and became feuds. In 494 BC, Gou Jian, the king of Yue, was defeated by Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and returned to China to avenge his death. In 473 BC, he destroyed the State of Wu. This is the content of this poem.
Poetry is not a historical novel, and quatrains are also different from long poems, so poets can only choose the part of this historical event that they feel most deeply to write. He chose not a fragment in the long process of this struggle, but two scenes after the defeat of Wu State and the return of the King of Yue. The first sentence pointed out the meaning of the problem and explained the specific content of the historic site. Write two or three sentences about soldiers returning home and Gou Jian returning to the palace. Destroy the enemy, avenge the shame, and all the soldiers are happy; Now that the war is over, everyone has been rewarded. They are not wearing real armor, but jinyi. Only the words "do your best" can make the King of Yue and his soldiers come back triumphantly. After the King of Yue returned to China, he was ambitious, not only swaggering, but also dissolutely fleeing. As a result, beautiful women like flowers filled the palace, surrounded him and waited on him. The word "spring" in "Spring Temple" should be "flower-like" to describe beautiful times and scenes, not necessarily spring. Only by writing this point can we fully express the past of the King of Yue who worked so hard to make a living. The city is full of golden warriors, and the palace is full of maids. This is so prosperous, beautiful, lively and happy, but the sentence suddenly turns and everything written on it is written off. Physiology, power, wealth and splendor, things that existed in the past, what about now? All people can see is a few partridges flying around the old site of the city. This sentence describes the change of personnel, the impermanence of ups and downs, which is amazing. Rulers of all ages hoped that their wealth and splendor would be the inheritance of future generations, but the poem truthfully pointed out the disillusionment of this hope, which is its positive significance.
Through specific scenery, the poem contrasts the ups and downs of the past with the desolation of today, which makes readers feel particularly profound. Generally speaking, it is difficult to highlight an environment directly, but through comparison, the effect can often be greatly enhanced. Therefore, it is even more deplorable to describe desolation through lively scenes. The contrast between the past prosperity written in front of this poem and the present desolation written behind it is extremely strong. The more you write in front, the more you turn behind. In order to fully express the theme, the poet also made arrangements for the artistic structure of this poem that are different from the general seven wonders. Generally speaking, the turning point of the Seven Wonders is arranged in the third sentence, but his first three sentences are all in a rage, and it is not until the fourth sentence suddenly turns to the opposite side that it is particularly powerful and energetic. This kind of writing is not a poet with rich brushwork, so it is difficult to write freely.
Li Bai also wrote a nostalgic poem "Tai Su's Visit to the Ancient Times", which can be compared to: "The old garden is deserted, and Yang Liuxin and Ling Ge's oratorios can't be sung in spring. Today, only Xijiangyue has taken care of people in Wugong. " Tai Su, or Gusutai, was a playground for Fu Cha, King of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period, so it is located in Suzhou, Jiangsu today. As soon as this poem came up, it was written about the ruin of Wuyuan and the desolation of Suzhou and Taiwan, and the changes in personnel and the impermanence of prosperity and waste were all comfortable in it. Then the willow sprouted again in spring, and the willow was green, as old as ever, and new year after year. In sharp contrast with the unchanging "new" and "old" scenery and the ever-changing people, the mourning for the historic sites has deepened. In a word, compare two different things and write a sense of ups and downs in ancient and modern times, with a simple and natural intention. The second sentence goes on to write about the present scenery, but the former palaces and beautiful women sang it, but everything went up in smoke. Therefore, the last two sentences point out that only the bright moon hanging on the great river flowing from the west is eternal; Only when she has seen the prosperity of Wu Palace, and seen such figures as Fu Cha and Shi at that time, can she become a witness of history.
These two poems are both about visiting the ancient times, with the same theme and similar themes, but the one in the middle of the poem focuses on describing the prosperity of the past, trying to use three-quarters of the space to render it, and writing today's desolation with the conclusion, with a special conception. Tai Su's poems focus on today's desolation, implying the prosperity of the past, setting off the fickle personnel with today's ancient and often new natural scenery, and seeing that it has the feeling of forbidding smoking and ups and downs, so its expression techniques are also different. From here, we can also see the poet's various artistic skills.