This poem is expressive and euphemistic, especially in the third chapter. The male protagonist is really considerate and considerate of the woman he is thinking of. The first two sentences of "My Fair Lady" are straight forward without even a slight detour. But starting from the second chapter, the description of details increased. The young man tossed and turned all night long and couldn't sleep well because he was "sleeping hard to get a good result". This is indeed a true expression of his feelings. The more restless the sleep, the more ups and downs of the heart; and when people are in love, they always think optimistically, so he thinks about how lively the marriage will be in the future, how harmonious and harmonious the relationship will be after marriage, and how perfect and happy life will be. All these daydreams are transformed from the insomnia of "leisurely, carelessly, twisting and turning." Although it is subjective wishful thinking, it is not unattainable. Later playwrights spoke on behalf of the characters in the play, saying, "May all lovers in the world finally get married," but they thought it was too revealing. However, the author of "Guan Ju" used rich and perfect imagination to fill the undissolved lovesickness in front of him. , this is really "happy but not obscene, sad but not sad". What's rare is that this is a typical oriental, traditional Chinese concept of normal love, that is, what he hopes for is to become a couple with the lady (as evidenced by the word "好馑"), not just as a couple (this is the same as in "Haoqiu"). The works in "Zheng Feng" are different!), although they have the imprint of the feudal ruling class, they also reflect the traditional characteristics of the Han nation.
"Xing" is a realism technique, which is good. This poem is inspired by things from Hezhou, and it is obviously a folk product; the collection of water plants especially shows the life of ancient working people (perhaps women). We are not familiar with collecting water plants, but we can understand the life of collecting lotus roots, lotus roots and water chestnuts. First they are taken from the river, then they are collected, and then they are cooked and served. It means that even a small thing is not easy to do (this is the true spirit of labor), which symbolizes the mood and setbacks of a gentleman in seeking a lady. When the uncooked rice is cooked, it’s time to "make music with bells and drums", how profound the meaning is! At the same time, this kind of work is an immediate fact, not a virtual fantasy. It is realistic and symbolic at the same time. Therefore, it is the formal style of Bixing. This is the strength of Chinese poetry. Although the concubine is virtuous, the concubine may not dream of the joy of "picking water plants", nor may she be able to see the "flying doves" flying together. But when it comes to picking up poems for fun, the "Grand Master" finally has a good enough vision. It's a pity that the ancients didn't know how to "learn from the people". (Note: This paragraph is excerpted from a speech that I left after the disaster. I wrote down the teacher's meaning as my own words at that time, so it may be slightly different from the original text. Readers should take note.) < /p>
The main expression technique of this poem is Xing Ji. "Mao Biography" says: "Xing Ye." What is "Xing"? Kong Yingda's explanation is the most accurate. He said in "Mao Shi Zhengyi": "The word 'Xing' means to start. Use examples to introduce others and inspire one's own mind. In the "Poetry", all those who mention grass, trees, birds and beasts to express their thoughts are all called 'Xing'." The so-called "Xing" means to start with others. The scenery evokes the thing you are chanting and takes it as a sustenance. This is a euphemistic and implicit way of expression. In this poem, the juju dove is "sincere but distinctive", which makes a lady be worthy of a gentleman; the watercress flows in no way, so it is hard to find a lady; and the watercress is harvested and "plucked" and "spiked", which makes a lady happy. Having gained it, "friend it", "enjoy it", etc. The advantage of this technique is that it is far-reaching and can produce an effect where the text is exhausted but more than intended.
This poem also uses some continuous words with double-tone overlapping rhymes to enhance the harmonious beauty of the tone of the poem and the vividness of the description of the characters. For example, "yaoyao" is a double rhyme; "janza" is a double tone; and "turns and turns" is both a double tone and a double rhyme. Use such words to modify actions, such as "tossing and turning"; to imitate images, such as "fair lady"; to describe scenery, such as "spotted waterweed", all of which are lively, lifelike, and full of emotion. Liu Shipei's "Miscellaneous Notes on Essays" says: "In ancient times,... the sounds of ballads and proverbs mostly followed the natural sounds of nature. The reason why they can harmonize the rhythm is that the rhymes of each leaf in the first sentence are rhymed, and the words with overlapping rhymes and double tones are often used between the second sentence. "Although this poem does not have individual rhymes, its use of double-tone overlapping rhymes maintains the simple and natural style of ancient poetry.
In terms of rhyme, this poem uses even sentences to rhyme. This even rhyme style has dominated the harmonic rhyme form of Chinese classical poetry for more than two thousand years. Moreover, the rhyme changes three times throughout the article, and the word "zhi" at the foot of the empty character does not fit into the rhyme, but the preceding character of the empty character becomes the rhyme. This uneven change in rhyme greatly enhances the rhythm and musical beauty of the poem.
Rhyme words for each chapter in this poem.
Guan Guan Jujiu, in the river island. A graceful lady, a gentleman is fond of quarrels. (Sentence rhymes with sentence endings: Jiu, Zhou, Qiu)
Note: The last two sentences are actually judgment sentences. However, later generations often take it out of context and make the latter sentence an independent sentence.
Scattered waterlilies flow left and right. A graceful lady, I long for her. (Rhymes in sentences with rhymed sentences: Liu, Qiu)
Liu: taking along the flow
What you want cannot be obtained, so sleep hard and think about it. Leisurely leisurely, tossing and turning. (The end rhymes of sentences that rhyme with each other are: de, fu, side)
Fu: also think about it. Tossing and turning - a couplet with double tones and overlapping rhymes
Pick the waterlilies from left to right. A graceful lady, she is a friend of the piano and the harp. (Rhymes in sentences where every other sentence rhymes: Cai, You)
Uneven - double-tone couplets Friends: Dear.
There are different kinds of waterlilies, which are sprouted on the left and right sides. The fair lady is played with bells and drums. (Rhymes in sentences with rhymed sentences: 芼, 乐)
Yaoyao - overlapping rhymes and continuous words Le: to make it happy.
We should understand "Guanyong" from two aspects: poetic meaning and music.
In terms of poetic meaning, it is a "folk song", and the love between men and women is reflected as folk custom. According to legend, the ancients had the custom of gathering men and women in the mid-spring month. "The Rites of Zhou, Local Officials, and the Matchmaker" says: "The Matchmaker (i.e., the matchmaker) is in charge of the judgment (cooperation) of all people. ... In the middle of the spring (February) month, men and women are ordered to meet, so at this time, those who run can't help but (It is not forbidden to run); if there is no reason for not using the order, he will be punished, and the man and woman who have no husband will meet him. "The chant in "Guan Ju" may not be a record of this historical event, but this historical fact is there. It helps us understand the psychological state and customs of ancient men and women meeting each other, admiring each other and hoping to get married. The object of description in literary works is social life. The description of social customs and habits can reproduce social life more truly and integrate social life into the picture of social customs, thus making it more realistic. "Guan Ju" describes the love affair between men and women in ancient times as a social custom. As far as the melody is concerned, the repeated chapters and refrains of the whole poem are all formed for the purpose of harmonious music. Zheng Qiao's "Tongzhi·Lelue·Zhengsheng Preface" says: "Anyone who composes his words is called a poem, and sounds his poems is called a song. There is no one who does not sing in poetry." Zheng Qiao emphasized in particular. The importance of rhythm. All the living and energetic poems in ancient times can often be sung, and the harmony of tones is important. The use of repeated chapters and refrains in "Guanyong" shows that it is sung and a poem that lives in people's mouths. Of course, "Guanyong" combines the expression of poetic meaning with fast tones, and uses tones to convey the poetic meaning. Zheng Xuan's "Preface to the Poetry Book" says: "The Book of Yu says: 'Poetry expresses aspirations, songs speak forever, sounds last forever, and rhythms are harmonious.' But where is the way of poetry?"
Appreciation
Guan Guan, the harmony between male and female. Guan Ju is a water bird, also known as Wang Ju. It looks like a griffon and is found in the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers today. They are born in pairs without getting into trouble, and they often swim together without being quarrelsome with each other. Therefore, Mao Zhuan considered them to be sincere but different from each other. It is believed that people have never seen him riding in and living in the same place, which is because of his nature. River, the common name for water flowing in the north. Continent is a habitable place in the water. Slim and graceful, meaning leisurely. Shu, good. Women are called unmarried, which refers to the time when the concubine of King Wen was not a virgin. Gentleman refers to King Wen. Good, also good. Qiu, horse. Mao Chuanyun: The word "zhi" is related to Zhitong, which means that the affection is deep.
——Zhu Xi's Note
As a love poem, "Guanyong" is developed based on the waters. In "The Book of Songs", men and women often meet and court courtship by the water. "Guanyong" is the first to do so, and the selection of scenery is typical.
This poem uses the expression technique of "Xing", first it is caused by things, and then it is caused by things. Things are inspired by things, and it is the cry of the osprey that leads to the author's pursuit of a lady. Osprey fishing and male courtship appear one after another as similar phenomena. The fishing of waterfowl is used to suggest the union of the sexes.
"Guan Fei" describes the hero's treatment of water plants and his pursuit of ladies, using a progressive and ascending writing style. The actions of the male protagonist in picking watermelon are: flow it, pick it, and pick it. To flow it away means to put it away, which means to pile the picked watercress on the left and right; to pick it up means to select and sort the piled watercress; to 芼之zhi means to overlap and stack the selected watercress on the left and right. The protagonist's treatment of water plants goes from disorder to order, with each step becoming more and more precise. Let’s look at the hero’s pursuit of the lady. First, he locks her as his most suitable spouse, and then "covets her for nothing". Because he doesn't get what he wants, he becomes "unsatisfied" to the point of "tossing and turning". After thinking hard all night, the man finally found a way to get close to the lady, and finally succeeded. "Friends of the harp and harp" is to attract a woman's attention and favor by playing the harp and harp, and then get a chance to get close to her. "Zhonggu Lezhi" means ringing bells and beating drums to marry the woman you like. "Friends with friends" is to create a relaxed and happy atmosphere and shorten the distance with each other in entertainment. "With the music of bells and drums", a grand wedding is held, which makes the woman extremely happy. In ancient times, there were songs and dances in weddings. "Xiaoya·Cheha", a wedding poem, describes it like this: "Although I have no virtue and a woman, I sing and dance in style." The groom in the poem regards singing and dancing as an important part of the wedding. program to please the other party.
The male protagonist of "Guan Fei" calls himself a "gentleman", and the poem was written by an aristocratic young man. The poem is fresh and elegant, with obvious attributes of the Zhou Dynasty's ritual and music civilization.