1. Short text.
The title of the text is "Truth is born after a hundred question marks", which is also the main point of the text. The text is mainly based on facts. As long as you are good at observing, constantly asking questions, constantly solving problems and persistently looking for the source, you can find the truth in real life.
The text can be divided into three parts. The first part (1 paragraph) comes straight to the point and puts forward opinions. It is clearly pointed out that "truth is born after a hundred question marks" is itself "truth". The second part (paragraphs 2 to 6) uses examples to prove this point. This is the main part of the article. First of all, it is generally pointed out that in the history of scientific and technological development for thousands of years, the discovery of scientific truth, those theorems, laws and theories were obtained only after the discoverers and creators answered "a hundred question marks". Then, this leads to three representative examples in the history of scientific development. The first example is that Professor Xie Piluo found the problem in the whirlpool of bath water. Through repeated experiments and research, he found that the rotation direction of the vortex of water is related to the rotation of the earth. The second example is that Boyle, a famous British chemist, accidentally discovered that hydrochloric acid would turn petals red, and then conducted many experiments and finally invented the acid-base test paper. The third example is the phenomenon that Austrian doctors roll their eyes when their sons dream. After repeated observation and analysis, they infer the universal law of all sleepers rolling their eyes when they dream. Finally, it summarizes three typical cases, emphasizing that these three cases are "all very common things", but they all find the truth. Therefore, as long as there is the spirit of "asking the truth in a casserole", we will surely "find something, invent something, create something and achieve something". The third part (paragraphs 7 to 8) summarizes the full text and reiterates the views. It is pointed out that science is not mysterious or far away, and the key lies in "knowing what it sees", constantly exploring, being good at independent thinking and having the spirit of perseverance.
The purpose of writing this text is to let students understand the general law of scientific discovery-"truth comes after a hundred questions", and to feel and understand the scientific spirit of omniscient, independent thinking, perseverance and continuous exploration; The second is to learn the text to illustrate the writing method of ideas with specific typical examples and understand the form of argumentative essays.
2. Text analysis.
Understanding of (1) sentence.
(1) Put "?"at the end Straighten to "!" , found the truth.
"?" Here is a problem of discovery, a constant problem, "!" It is through exploration, confusion and discovery of the truth. This sentence expresses an abstract truth in an intuitive way and leaves a deep impression on people.
People who are good at "asking what's next" have discovered, invented, created and achieved something.
As the saying goes, "ask why" expresses the spirit of perseverance and continuous exploration. The words "discovery", "invention", "creation" and "achievement" are arranged in descending order of harvest, which also shows that ordinary things contain truth and great achievements, and only those who ask what is next can do it.
As long as you know everything, be good at asking questions and keep exploring, you can find the truth after you answer a few question marks.
This sentence adopts the sentence pattern of "as long as ..."
(4) If there is any accidental opportunity for scientific discovery, then this "accidental opportunity" can only be given to those who are prepared, to those who are good at independent thinking, and to those who have perseverance.
This sentence explains the conditions for discovering truth. There is an "accidental opportunity" in scientific discovery, which shows that scientific truth exists around us and is not mysterious. Just for … illustrates the difficulty of scientific discovery and points out that the discovery of scientific truth is conditional, that is, for those who are "prepared", "independent thinking" and "persistent". "Truth comes after asking a hundred questions" is to find problems keenly, think persistently and solve problems in depth.
(2) Understanding of words.
Theorem: A proposition or formula that has been proved to be correct and can be used as a principle or law, such as a geometric theorem.
Law: a scientific summary of objective laws, reflecting the inevitable connection of things in a certain changing process under certain conditions.
Theory: refers to the idea or viewpoint of academic self-contained theoretical system.
Common: it's not surprising to see more.
Tracing back to the source: tracing back to the source.
Keenness: keen sense and sharp eyes.
Coincidentally, in a rare case, there is a pair of people who look alike.
A mystery; A hundred times; Many times; Solution: understand. I thought about it all, but I couldn't figure it out.
Get to the bottom of it: Metaphor goes to the root of the matter.
See the micro-knowledge: micro: faint; Note: Obviously. When you see the first sign of something, you can know its essence and development trend.
Perseverance: perseverance: lettering; S: Stop. Metaphor is perseverance and perseverance.
Second, the teaching objectives
1. Can write five new words and correctly read the words "birth, bath, whirlpool, flower bed, counterclockwise, ordinary, unique, insightful and persistent".
2. Be able to understand profound sentences in context. Extract the sentences that inspire you. Can imitate the text to write a paragraph and illustrate a point with specific facts.
3. By understanding three stories about scientific discovery, we can correctly understand the meaning of "truth is born after a hundred question marks" from specific examples.
Third, teaching suggestions
1. Several inferential sentences at the beginning and end of the text are abstract in meaning and may be difficult to read. Read it several times, and it will read smoothly.
When reading the text for the first time, let the students find out what is written in the text and say it in their own words. At the same time, students can think about the meaning of the topic "Truth is born after a hundred question marks". This question does not require students to make an accurate answer, but mainly to check students' initial understanding of the text. As long as they can talk about their understanding word by word or combine specific examples, they can also encourage students to express their understanding from different angles.
Students may ask questions about some scientific knowledge involved in the article, for example, how does the earth rotate? What is litmus test paper? What is hydrochloric acid? For the understanding of these scientific knowledge, the teacher can let the students with a wide range of knowledge answer, or briefly introduce them, and don't spend too much time on scientific terms.
2. The writing idea of the text is: put forward opinions-demonstrate opinions-summarize opinions. In teaching, students can learn three concrete examples first, gain knowledge from concrete examples and understand the author's point of view; Then, from the perspective of the full text, find the writing ideas of the text, and further understand the contents and viewpoints of the text. This is more conducive to guiding students to understand the text independently and profoundly.
3. The three concrete examples in this paper are different from the stories in general narration. Their function is to explain the author's point of view, that is, "truth is born after a hundred question marks." Therefore, we should pay attention to the learning focus of these three specific examples in teaching. The focus of learning is what is the "question mark" in a specific case? What is the "truth" discovered from this? What is the process from "question mark" to "truth"? In teaching, students can be guided to pay special attention to such words as "keen attention", "sensitive consciousness", "inexplicable", "repeated research and experiment" and "repeated observation and experiment", from which they can realize the profound meaning of "truth comes from many questions".
Three concrete examples involve the whirlpool of bath water and the rotation of eyes when sleeping, which are close to students' lives and allow students to observe at home and get direct experience; If possible, you can give students an acid-base test of litmus paper in class to deepen their understanding of the text.
4. Some profound sentences in the text are all based on theory. Teachers should be good at guiding students to understand and visualize abstract truth in connection with the context and concrete examples in the text. When primary school students are exposed to argumentative writing, they should not explain their stylistic knowledge too much, and should use less terms such as "argument", "argument" and "argument".
5. The main feature of writing is to explain the truth with concrete facts, which is also a key point of Chinese learning in this unit. In the first two classes, middle school students have learned about it. The teaching of this lesson not only makes students understand this writing method further, but also requires students to write a paragraph by imitating the writing method of the text. In teaching, you can arrange a small exercise and pay attention to the communication and evaluation after writing. The focus of evaluation is whether the specific facts described can prove the point of view and whether the description of specific facts can highlight the key points.
Fourth, teaching cases.
Fragments:
Found in comparative reading
Teacher: Please read the text silently, think about what is written in the text and say it briefly in your own words.
(Students read silently and think. )
Student: There are three specific things written in the text. The first thing is that Professor Xie Piluo found that the rotation direction of the vortex of water is related to the rotation of the earth.
Health: The second thing is that British chemist Boyle accidentally discovered that violets turn red when they are splashed with hydrochloric acid, and finally invented litmus test paper.
Health: The third story is that an Austrian doctor found the relationship between rolling his eyes and dreaming from the phenomenon of his son rolling his eyes while sleeping.
Teacher: Please read these three examples carefully and see what similarities these three paragraphs have in writing and content. You can draw a picture in the text and make a comment.
Students think while reading the text. )
Teacher: I saw many students make comments in the article and found that these three paragraphs have many similarities. Now please share your findings in the group and discuss the existing problems.
(Students discuss in groups. )
Teacher: Now, let's communicate in class, and each group will send representatives to speak.
Health: We found that these three cases are all about the problems we accidentally discovered in our lives.
Health: I found that these three examples all show that "truth is born after a hundred question marks".
Health: These three examples are all stories about scientists' discoveries and inventions.
Teacher: Everyone speaks very well. Can anyone analyze their similarities more clearly?
Health: I think the process of discovery or invention mentioned in these three cases is the same. They all found problems by accident and kept asking questions. Then carry out repeated research and experiments; Finally solve the problem and draw a conclusion.
Teacher: The text is read carefully and the analysis is well organized. Please read the text and see if it is like this. Try to divide each paragraph into levels and see if there are any new discoveries.
Students read the text silently and in different levels. )
Health: Through the hierarchical division just now, I found that these three paragraphs are all the same. They all find problems first, then study them, and finally solve them.
Teacher: You will not only find out, but also summarize.
Health: I found that there was only one question at first, but suddenly many questions popped up in their minds. It is because of a series of questions that the final conclusion will be reached, because "the truth will be born after a hundred question marks".
Teacher: This series of questions, in a word, is-
Health: Find the place.
Health: Ask what's next.
Teacher: Let's read a series of questions that flashed in their minds.
(Students read aloud. )
Health: I found that their problem-solving process was not smooth sailing. After repeated research and experiments, it was very hard.
Teacher: Let's read the sentences describing their repeated research and experiments.
(Students read aloud. )
Health: I also found that these three stories tell us that only by being good at finding problems from small and common phenomena and seeking the source can we solve problems and discover the truth.
Teacher: Yes, because "truth is born after a hundred question marks".
Verb (abbreviation for verb) related links
1. Ye Yonglie (1940 ——) is a famous popular science writer and biographer. He is the main author of "100,000 Why" and has written the science fiction story "PHS Roaming in the Future", which has a great influence. He also wrote biographies such as Historical Choice of Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek, China under the Stars and Stripes, Biography of Hu Qiaomu and Biography of Ma Sicong. 1998 won the "Best Biographer Award" in the Golden Dragon Award of China Literary Artists. The new edition of PHS Roaming in the Future won the 13th China Book Award in February, 2002. In June, 2005, 10 was awarded the China Outstanding Biographer Award.
2. litmus test paper litmus is a kind of dendritic lichen, which can extract reddish-purple crystal powder, and the main component of the powder is alkaline carbonate; This powder is slightly soluble in water and easily soluble in alcohol. Dissolving the powder in an alcohol solution to form a mixture, namely litmus dye; The filter paper is soaked in dye and dried to become litmus test paper.
Litmus test paper is often used to test the pH of substances. If litmus test paper is put into acidic solution, the test paper will turn red; If it is put into alkaline solution, the test paper will turn blue.