The midline of the loving mother's hand,
You get dressed.
Tight seam,
I'm afraid I will be late.
Who is careless,
Make three spring scenery.
Yellow Crane Tower —— Meng Haoran's farewell on his way to Yangzhou
Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers.
My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon.
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This poem was written by Li Baichu when he lived in Anlu. Li Bai, who just finished his trip to wuyue in the south of the Yangtze River, met Meng Haoran, who is twelve years older than him. They hit it off, and when they sent Meng Haoran to Yangzhou, Li Bai wrote this masterpiece that has been passed down through the ages.
Dynamic situation and broad artistic conception are the most prominent features of this poem. The Yellow Crane Tower is located in Jiangxia, hundreds of miles away from Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu). The poet lifts his weight easily, and Chu people and Wu Tiandu are included in just four poems. In the first sentence, my friend Meng Haoran bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower and began to sail eastward. In the second sentence, he described the beautiful scenery of friends walking along the river in March. The last two sentences, the solitary sail hidden at the end of the blue sky and the river connected with the sky, are like an invisible rope, which narrows the distance between the Yellow Crane Tower and Yangzhou in the readers' minds and makes this poem describe and contain a vast space. Every sentence in this poem uses a verb: "Ci", "Xia", "Jin" and "Liu", which shows the chronological relationship from different angles (traveler and sender) and gives people a sense of fluidity. The verb itself brings momentum to the poem, making the whole poem magnificent and magnificent, showing a profound and lofty artistic conception.
The reason why this farewell poem can be so magnificent and profound is not only the poet's talent, but also its objective reasons. The Yellow Crane Tower in Tang Dynasty is located on the West Yellow Crane Rock in Wuchang (now the bridgehead of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge in Wuchang). It is surrounded by mountains and waters, and can climb the building on all sides. The railing can reach thousands of miles away, so it is called "the first building in the world". Boarding a boat to bid farewell to Fujian is enough to strengthen people's hearts. This is one of them. Not long after Li Bai's trip to the south of the Yangtze River ended, "Fireworks going down to Yangzhou in March" may have his own experiences and feelings. At this time, when a friend goes down to Wuyue and Guangling, it will naturally remind him of Guangling, because Wuyue is in his chest. Make the poet's poems spread all over Wu Chu, so it can show colorful scenes, and secondly. After the age of 20, Li Bai traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers in Sichuan. At the age of 25, he went to the countryside with his sword and left his relatives for a long trip. He made several trips in the southeast of China. Jianghan plain is vast and distant, and the delicate beauty of the south of the Yangtze River is in sharp contrast with the steep and clear water in Bashan and Shushu. Li Bai, who is used to seeing the mountains and rivers in the middle of Shu, will naturally have a keen feeling and accurate grasp of the magnificent and vast natural scenery. When Li Bai bid farewell to Meng Haoran on his way to Yangzhou, he was in his prime of life and full of confidence and hope for the future. Therefore, this poem can be written in high spirits. Being in Jiangxia and seeing off at the same time, a poem he wrote in his later years, "Jiangxia Farewell to Song", was extremely sad. This poem writes:
The water in Chuzhou is crystal clear, as if it were empty, as straight as the distant sea. You and I will be thousands of miles apart, but there is this cup of wine in front of us.
The valley bird keeps crying when it is sunny, and the river ape is sad at night. I have never shed tears in my life, but now I do.
After ups and downs, Li Bai no longer has the spirit of "laughing and going out", and his farewell poems have changed their former style. It can be seen that artistic conception is closely related to poetic realm.
Affection is the second feature of this farewell poem. When commenting on Li Bai's poems, Song once said: "The most important thing is to give an answer, and feelings are seen from the heart" (Miscellaneous Books). The emotional shock of the poem "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell Meng Haoran to Yangzhou" is mainly manifested in the last two sentences. The poet put pen to paper here from his own point of view, expressing his deep affection for his friends. There is a book called Lonely Sail Overlooking the Blue Sky, or Lonely Sail Overlooking the Blue Mountain. But from the perspective of expressing feelings, it is still the most appropriate text in the popular version. It is conceivable that Li Bai watched his friend's solitary sail drift away until it disappeared at the end of the clear water and blue sky. However, Li Bai still looked at the direction in which his friend disappeared. On that day, only the river flowed eastward. The poet seems eager for the eastward river to carry his affection and walk with his friends. The beauty of "the lonely sail is far away and the sky is exhausted" lies in the distance between the poet and the lonely sail, which fully shows the poet's parting feelings in the poet's vision. However, taking the mountain as the reference limits the distance between the poet and the solitary sail. If the "far shadow" is changed to "far shadow", the scene of the ship will be more realistic, which limits the reader's imagination and psychological feelings. In another poem entitled "Farewell", Li Bai once wrote a similar poem: "Yun Fan doesn't meet in the distance, and the Yangtze River feels sorry for itself at dusk". Although the poetic language is more simple and artistic conception is lower than that of Lonely Sail, as a footnote, we can appreciate Li Bai's way of thinking and lyric, and try to figure out the rhyme of "Lonely Sail is far away from the sky".
The artistic conception of Li Bai's farewell poems is often used for reference by other art forms in later generations, especially the film art. In many farewell scenes near the river, the design is that the sails go farther and farther, the farewell climbs higher and higher, and finally the farewell who climbs to the top of the mountain is empty to the river. This also shows the strong artistic vitality of this poem. Fang Ming is as small as "Hanging Li Bai's Poems": "No matter whether ghosts cry or not, poems have their own smoke." Coupled with the charm of the farewell poem "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou", it is also appropriate.
[Notes]
1. Wanderer: Wanderer, guest outside. Yin, the name of a poem.
2. inch of grass: it symbolizes children here.
3. Heart: The trunk of vegetation is called the heart. The word "heart" is a pun here.
[Brief analysis]
This is a kind and sincere ode to maternal love. Under the heading, the author notes "Mu Ying Li Shangyin". Meng Jiao was down and out all his life, and he didn't get the humble position of Liyang County Commandant until he was fifty years old. This poem was written when he lived in Liyang.
The first two sentences, "thread in the hands of a loving mother makes clothes for her wayward boy's body", closely link "loving mother" and "wandering son" with two very common things, and write the flesh-and-blood feelings of mother and child. Three or four sentences, "She sewed carefully and mended thoroughly, fearing that the delay would make him go home late", deepened this kind of flesh-and-blood affection by describing the actions and psychology of loving mother making clothes for wanderers. The mother sewed thousands of stitches for fear that her son would "delay" and could not come back. Great maternal love is naturally revealed through the details of daily life. The first four sentences are very simple, without any modification, but the image of loving mother is really touching.
The last two sentences, "Only an inch of grass has a little affection, and three wisps of spring scenery are appreciated", are the author's heartfelt eulogies of love for his mother. These two sentences adopt the traditional contrast method: a daughter is like grass, and a mother's love is like spring sunshine. How can a daughter repay a mother's love in case? The contrast and metaphor of images entrust the son's heartfelt love for his loving mother.
This poem artistically reproduces the ordinary and great beauty of human nature that people feel, so it has won strong praise from countless readers for thousands of years. Until the Qing Dynasty, two poets in Liyang sang such a poem: "My father's books are full of laundry, and the bus is full of me" (Shi Qisheng's "Writing about my bosom"), "How many tears I always shed, dyed my hands and sewed clothes" (Peng Gui's "Visiting my mother for the first time"), which shows that this poem left a deep impression on future generations.