Those who carry lamps cast their shadows in front of them.
Their backs.
You can't see yourself, all you see is your own shadow.
You can't see yourself, all you see is your shadow.
The boundless desert is burning for the love of a blade of grass who shakes her head and laughs and flies away.
The boundless desert is burning for the love of a blade of grass.
Shook his head and flew away with a smile.
I am familiar with these words, which mean that people with the same hobbies discuss the Russian poet Pushkin (1799- 1837). Founder of modern Russian national literature. Born in Moscow, a noble family advocating literature. When I was a child, I was taught by a French tutor and deeply influenced by the language of Russian wet nurses. 12 years old, went to Petersburg with his father and enrolled in Huangcun School, an aristocratic children's school famous for its poetry. 18 14 years, he wrote "Memories of Imperial Village", which was appreciated by the old poet Jerchavin and published his first poem "To Friends of Poetry". 18 17 After graduation, he worked as a translator in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and successively joined alzas's Marshall Society and Green Light Society, creating poems with the theme of praising freedom and attacking tyranny, such as Ode to Freedom and To Chaadayev, as well as the long narrative poem Ruslan and lyudmila (18/kloc- 1May, 820, he was demoted as a celebrity because of his poems attacking current politics. He fell ill on the way and went to the Caucasus and Crimea for recuperation. Arrive in Kishinov in September and transfer to Odessa at 1823. In the meantime, he was fascinated by Byron's works, became close to the December Party members, and wrote poems such as "Short Sword" (182 1). Narrative poems "Prisoner of Caucasus" (1822) and "Zokan" (1823 ~ 1827) with the theme of contemporary aristocratic youth describe the love tragedy between civilized people and the daughter of nature. During this period, he also wrote the narrative poems Brother Robber (182 1 ~ 1822) and Tears of Bakhse saraj (182 1 ~ 1823). 1In August, 924, due to the deterioration of the relationship with the new governor of Odessa, he was framed and dismissed, and was exiled to his mother's territory, Mihailovsk Village, Pskov State, and was supervised by the local government, church and parents. 1in September, 826, the czar approved him to return to Moscow. During this period, Pushkin devoted himself to the study of history and created the historical drama Boris Godunov (1825) and the narrative poem Count Nurin (1825). 1828 was arraigned for "blaspheming" God in the long poem Gabriel (182 1). 1In September, 830, she got engaged to a beautiful woman in Moscow, Goncharova, and went to Pauquinot Village to take care of her property. She was trapped by cholera until February 65438. Yevgeni onegin is a poetic novel, which describes the life course of onegin, a young aristocrat, and shapes the image of "superfluous man" in Russian literature. With the life and emotion of ordinary people as the theme, he wrote The Collection of Belgin's Novels, four small tragedies such as The Miserable Knight, Mozart and Salikin, and The Stone Man, and also wrote the narrative poem The Cabin of Colomna, a large number of lyric poems and fairy tales. Literary historians call this peak of Pushkin's creation "the autumn of polking's promise". 1831March, Pushkin married Goncharova, settled in Petersburg, and served as one of the top ten civil servants. When compiling History of Peter the Great, he was attracted by pugachev, the leader of the peasant uprising, and visited the hometown of the uprising. 1833, 10 In June, he returned to Polkino to compile the History of Pougatcheff Uprising, and began to write the novella Captain's Daughter. During this period, he wrote the novella The Queen of Spades, the long narrative poem The Bronze Knight, the novella Dubrovski and The Story of the Fisherman and the Golden Fish. Pushkin suffered from high society entertainment after marriage, and his family was financially strapped. The title of "court bodyguard" granted by the czar made him feel humiliated, his literary creation decreased and he became hostile to the upper class. 1837 65438+1On October 27th, he was wounded in a duel with the French noble fugitive Dantè s and died on the 29th.
Pushkin's literary works cut to the core issues of Russian society at that time, and created typical images of Russian literature such as "superfluous people" and "little people". His literary style inherits and develops the achievements of Russian literature in the18th century, creatively draws lessons from western European literature, harmoniously combines written language and spoken language, and absorbs the essence of a large number of folk languages, thus creating a new concise and beautiful Russian literary language. He participated in the founding of Literary Newspaper and Modern People, leaving many literary criticism works, political papers and letters. Pushkin's literary creation ended the backwardness of Russian literature and created conditions for the prosperity of Russian literature in the19th century.
Frost (1874— 1963) is an American poet. Born in California. My father died at the age of 1 1. His mother took him to Massachusetts, his hometown in New England. After graduating from high school, I studied at Harvard University for two years. Before and after this, I worked as a textile worker, a teacher, ran a farm and began to write poems. He roamed many places on foot and was known as "the peasant poet of New England".
Frost's poems did not attract attention in America at first. 19 12 after his family moved to Britain, he continued to write poems, and got the support and encouragement of some British and American poets, ezra pound, and published the collection of poems Young Will (19 13) and North Boston (196544). 19 15 returned to the United States to run a farm in New Hampshire. His poems are becoming more and more famous. 1924, 193 1, 1937, 1943 won the Pulitzer Prize four times, and worked as a teacher, resident poet and poetry consultant in many famous universities. In his later years, he was an unofficial poet laureate in the United States. On his 75th and 85th birthdays, the US Senate made a resolution to honor him. His poetry is similar to traditional poetry in form, but it is not as artificial as romantic and aesthetical poets. He does not pursue external beauty. His poems often begin with describing the natural scenery or customs of New England and gradually enter the field of philosophy. His poems are unpretentious, but subtle and intriguing. The famous poem "Birch Tree" wrote that most people always want to escape from reality, but in the end they have to come back to reality. "Repairing the Wall" wrote that there are many tangible and intangible walls in the world that are unnecessary. In addition to short lyric poems, he also has some dramatic long narrative poems, which describe the spiritual outlook of rural people in New England, and the tone is relatively low and quite distinctive. In terms of meter, Frost likes to use various variations of traditional blank poems and sonnets, which often rhyme and have their own characteristics in rhythm.
Frost is often called an "alternative poet", which means that he is in a period of alternation between traditional poetry and modernist poetry. He and Eliot are also called the two centers of modern American poetry.
Frost's famous poems include Mountains (19 16), New Hampshire (1923), Xixi (1928) and Another Ranch (1936). The whole poem was published in 1949, and new works were published one after another.
2. Background materials
"If Life Deceives You" was written on the day Pushkin was exiled by the czar. At that time, the Russian revolution was in full swing, but the poet was forced to be isolated from the world. In this case, the poet did not lose hope and fighting spirit. He loves life and pursues his ideals persistently, believing that light will come and justice will win. Poetry clarifies such a positive and optimistic attitude towards life: when life deceives you, don't be sad or impatient; A friend in need is a friend indeed. Everything will pass and the future will be happy. It is impossible to live without pain and sorrow. Happiness will not be covered by sadness forever, and happy days will come.
The second part is the overall mood.
First, the idea of the article
"If Life Deceives You" illustrates such a positive and optimistic attitude towards life; When life deceives you, don't be sad, don't be impatient; A friend in need is a friend indeed, everything will pass, and the future will be happy and beautiful; It is impossible to live without pain and sorrow. Happiness will not be covered by sadness forever, and happy days will come. The poet went on to express his eternal positive attitude towards the future, telling people that when we look back on that past after overcoming difficulties and hardships, everything in the past will get better. This is the summary of the poet's life experience and the true meaning of life.
The Road Not Taken expresses the thinking on the road of life by writing the road of nature. This poem contains the philosophy of life; People can only choose one way of life and must be cautious; The choice of life path, don't go with the flow, make an independent choice through your own thinking.
Second, the context of the article
If Life Deceives You * * * Section 2.
Section 1: Face the reality calmly and have confidence in the future.
Section two: welcome the new future and turn the past into permanent nostalgia.
The road you don't take is divided into four sections.
The poet stood at the fork in the forest and hesitated for a long time. He longs for two roads, but he can't walk at the same time. He must choose one. Once you choose one, there is no turning back. How helpless and helpless this is. Such a beginning naturally reminds people of the road of life: the road of nature can be turned back, just wasting time, and the road of life, like an arrow, can not be taken back, because time will not go back. So the poet looked at the path that disappeared in the depths of the jungle and lost in thought. In the process of this meditation, he may have made a decision in his heart.
In the second section, the poet chose one of the roads, which is "lush vegetation, lonely,/more attractive and more beautiful" and "rarely leaving travelers' footprints". The poet chose a road that few people took, instead of a road that left many travelers' footprints like most people. Poets may know that such a road is smooth and not challenging.
In the third section, the poet embarked on the road of his own choice and began a difficult journey. But at this time, the poet is also very attached to another road. He knows that he can only choose one road, but he can't give up the other, because although he has made a choice, he is still hesitant. In case the choice this time is a mistake, it will be "hard to return." The poet wrote a kind of psychology that ordinary people have here.
In the last section, the poet thinks about the past in the future: in a small forest, he chose one of the roads and decided his own life path from then on. Here, the poet did not write this poem in the third section, nor did he tell the reader the result of the road he chose, but wrote the road he had no choice, leaving the reader with imagination to experience. Yes, the road of life, who predicted the result? The poet obviously has the meaning of fate, with a touch of melancholy. But this kind of writing seems to be closer to the real state of life and can touch the hearts of readers more.
Third, the writing method
If life deceives the king, the language is shallow and deep, and the ink is light and affectionate. "Life" is an ordinary word, but the author has another profound meaning in this poem. At that time, the poet lived under the autocratic and dark rule of Russia, and was directly and indirectly controlled and persecuted by the czar for pursuing freedom and democracy. So "life" here refers to the dark real life at that time, full of bossy, cruel, deceptive, hypocritical, deceptive and indifferent social conditions. In such a social reality, all honest people (such as Pushkin) and all pure young people (such as the object of the author's poem-Osipova's daughter, Miss Yefubo Laksia nikolayev Navorive) will be deceived or teased by life, which will lead to impatience and pessimism and bring bad consequences. The poet used his own life experience to persuade and encourage the girl who was cheated by "life" how to grasp herself, combined with her anger and dawn towards Russia in the "The Decemberists" uprising, a representative figure of the reform and progress force at that time. Therefore, we say that this Tao is the pulp in the hearts of Taoists, which is dull and affectionate; It is the ringing of the bell of life, and it is the whisper of the spring breeze of kind elders (or peers).
The Road Not Taken has a beautiful description of the scenery, which captures the empathy. Frost once said in Preface to Poetry: "Poetry begins with pleasure and ends with wisdom." In other words, in order to bring pleasure and comfort to people, poetry must first attract people's reading with the beauty of images, occupy people's hearts, make people understand philosophy, enrich their wisdom and become smart. The Road Not Taken is a good poem. From the very beginning, it showed beautiful natural scenery: in autumn, the Woods were "yellow", and in the morning, there were "fallen leaves" on the road. No one walked on the road for many days, so it was "not polluted by footprints", showing the lovely and charming natural ecology in the forest. As the first "traveler", "I" is faced with "two roads that diverge in a forest". What choice should I make? And everyone can't "set foot in" two places at the same time. The author has grasped the trend that people often choose "another road" instead of the road they have been looking for for for a long time (because it is more novel and attractive), which reflects people's * * *, thus causing everyone to sing * * *.
The use of symbolism contains the philosophy of life. The road in the forest is endless, sometimes there are forks, sometimes there are obstacles, or it is quiet and clean, or it is wide and open. Although people may not have seen such a scene with their own eyes, they are no strangers. The road in the forest symbolizes the road of life, and profound thinking and philosophy are embodied in plain content and simple and clear sentences, which are meaningful. The plain image suddenly has a profound connotation. Using concrete things to express some abstract and special meaning, as long as they are really similar, and the author can properly cut the image, find the important points or successfully hint at the will, it will inevitably produce an implicit and attractive artistic conception, which will make readers feel with relish.
Fourth, the analysis of important and difficult points
1. How to understand the meaning of two poems "What has passed,/will become a kind of homesickness"?
These two poems express a very common feeling in life experience. Here, the poet means that if you are depressed by the deception of life now, as long as you are "calm" and "your heart is always looking forward to the future", then when you look back on the past, you will feel very beautiful. Here, the poet emphasizes a positive attitude towards life and opposes a pessimistic and negative attitude towards life. From another point of view, life experiences should be rich and varied, positive and optimistic, and all kinds of experiences are valuable life wealth, which helps to grasp life.
2. Why did the poet choose the title of the poem "The Road Not Taken"?
This poem is actually about the road of life. The focus of the poet's writing is not the road he chose, but the road he didn't choose. The poem has four sections, the first section is about two roads, the second section is about the chosen road, and the third and fourth sections are about the unselected road. Why do poets write like this? This is mainly to deepen the theme. The poet lamented that there are many roads to choose from in life, but one can often only take one road, and there are many other roads, because life is too short to give up. The choice of life path is accidental and random. Those roads that have not been taken are more missed and more missed. The poet does not write the road he has chosen, but emphatically laments the road he has not chosen, which can touch the readers' hearts and make people think more deeply about the choice of life.
3. Poetry wins with images and artistic conception, but if life deceives you, it doesn't. Can you analyze the reason why it is widely circulated?
The reason for the success of this poem lies in the expressive tone, kind and gentle tone, enthusiasm and frankness of the poet, as if he were talking to you; The sentences are fresh and smooth, warm and deep, full of human touch and philosophical flavor, from which people can feel the poet's sincere and broad feelings and strong optimistic thoughts and feelings.
4. How to understand the meaning of two poems "What has passed,/will become a kind of homesickness"?
These two poems express a very common feeling in life experience. Here, the poet means that if you are depressed because of the deception of life now, as long as you are "calm" and "your heart is always looking forward to the future", then when you look back on the past in the future, you will feel very beautiful. Here, the poet emphasizes positive human ecological responsibility and opposes pessimistic and negative attitude towards life. From another point of view, life experiences should be colorful, positive and optimistic, and all kinds of experiences are valuable life wealth, which helps to grasp life.
5. Why did the poet choose the title of the poem "The Road Not Taken"?
This poem is actually about the road of life. The focus of the poet's writing is not the road of choice, but the road without choice. In the second section, write the chosen road, and in the third and fourth sections, write the unselected road. Why do poets write like this? Mainly to deepen the theme. The poet lamented that there are many roads to choose from in life, but one can often only take one road, and there are many other roads, because life is too short to give up. The choice of life path is accidental and random. Those roads that have not been taken are even more memorable and nostalgic. The poet does not write the road he has chosen, but emphatically laments the road he has not chosen, which can touch the readers' hearts and make people think more deeply about the choice of life.