The envoy to the fortress was Wang Wei
The bicycle/wanted to ask about the border, and he belonged to the country/passed Juyan.
Zheng Peng/left Hansai, returned to Yan/entered Hutian.
The lonely smoke is straight in the desert, and the setting sun is round in the long river.
When Xiao Guan is waiting to ride, he will protect Yan Ran.
Seven words: 4--3
Five words: 2--3
Others depend on the situation
The rhythm of the poem Mainly caused by the generally neat language form. The generally neat language form includes three aspects: first, the generally neat word count; second, the generally neat sentence structure; and third, when reciting or singing. The number of pauses is also generally consistent. In other words, there are certain rules.
my country's ancient poetry can be divided into two categories: Qiyan poetry and miscellaneous poetry. It should be said that their forms are generally neat. But slightly different.
Let’s look at Qi Yan’s poem first. For example, in four-character poems, there are usually two sentences in one sentence and two sentences in the pattern:
Trees - clumps, grass - lush.
The autumn wind is bleak, and the waves are rising. (Cao Cao's "Viewing the Sea")
In five-character poems, there are usually three pauses in one sentence, two-two-one or two-one-two sentences:
Far away - morning glory - star, Jiaojiao - Hehan - female.
Xianxian - push - plain hands, zhaza - make - machine. ("Nineteen Ancient Poems")
Pick chrysanthemums--under the east fence, leisurely--see--Nanshan.
The mountain atmosphere - the sun and the sunset - are good, and the flying birds - meet - return. (Tao Yuanming's "Drinking")
In seven-character poems, there are usually four pauses, two-two-one or two-two-one-two sentences:
Autumn wind - bleak - weather - - Cool, grass and trees - shake off - dew - turn to frost,
Swallows - say goodbye and return - wild geese - fly south. Missing you - traveling - thinking - heartbroken,
慊慊 - longing for home - loving - hometown, where can you - stay - send - to other places?
(Cao Pi's "Yan Ge Xing")
The above are the general characteristics of the rhythmic patterns of ancient poems from the pre-Qin to the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. After the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasty, with the discovery of the four tones of Chinese characters, poets noticed that the interweaving of Ping, Shang, Ling and Rong according to certain rules would produce a particularly pleasant tonal effect. So they tried repeatedly, and the result was the number of words, sentence patterns, Metrical poetry is a modern style poem with strict requirements on phonology and so on. Common metrical poems include five-character poems, seven-character poems, five-character quatrains, and seven-character quatrains. The key here is evenness. The so-called Ping and Chi are the ancients' summary of the four tones of Chinese characters, which are different from the four tones of modern Chinese. Generally speaking, the flat tone is equivalent to the first and second tones of modern Chinese (i.e. Yinping, Yangping). The oblique tone is the general name for the three tones of Shang, Lai and Ru. Among them, the Shang tone is equivalent to the third tone, the Lai tone is equivalent to the fourth tone, and the Ru tone is equivalent to the third tone. The tone characters have disappeared in modern Chinese (Mandarin) and have been transferred to other tones. Zhao Yuanren explained the standard pronunciation of these five tones in "Guoyin New Poetry Rhythm", pointing out that if these five tones are arranged alternately, they can create a high and low rhythmic effect.
The sentence pattern of five-character or seven-character metrical poems is basically the same as the rhythmic sentence pattern of ancient poetry, such as:
You come from—hometown—, you should know—hometown— thing.
The coming day - the beautiful window - in front of the cold plum blossoms - blooming - not yet? (Wang Wei's "Miscellaneous Poems")
The people of the past - have taken advantage of - Huang Crane - go, this place is vacant - yellow crane - building.
The yellow crane - goes - never returns - returns, the white cloud - thousands of years - empty - long.
Qingchuan - Lili - Hanyang - trees, grass - luxuriant - parrot - continent.
At dusk - Xiangguan - where - the smoke wave - on the river - makes people - sad.
(Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower")
However, in order to maintain the integrity of the meaning unit, the sentence structure is not necessarily broken down in this way, but can be adopted in a rough way, that is, five characters. It is a sentence pattern of two or three, and the seven words are a sentence pattern of four, three or two or five, such as:
In front of Huilefeng - the sand is like snow, under the city of Suixiang - the moon is like frost.
I don’t know where to play the reed pipe, one night - the conscripts are looking for their hometown. (Li Yi's "Listening to the Flute in Shoujiang City at Night")
Last night's stars - last night's wind, west of the painting building - east of Guitang.
The body does not have a colorful phoenix flying wings, but the heart has a clear understanding.
Give hooks to every other seat - the spring wine is warm, and divide the cao to cover - the wax lamp is red.
嗟宇——Listen to the drum and answer the official’s request, walk on Malantai——Lei Zhuanpeng. (Li Shangyin's "Untitled")
The biggest difference between metrical poetry and ancient poetry is that the words are required to be staggered to create a beautiful tone. Therefore, the rhythm of metrical poetry comes not only from the arrangement of the number of beats, but also from the alternating use of oblique and oblique verses. In short, oblique format is the element of metrical poetry. There are four basic sentence patterns in the flat and oblique format of five-character poems:
The first sentence pattern: oblique and oblique,
The second sentence pattern: oblique and oblique.
The third sentence pattern: flat, flat, flat, flat,
The fourth sentence pattern: flat, flat, flat, flat.
Seven-character rhymed poetry is just an expansion of five-character rhymed poetry. It also has four basic sentence patterns:
The first sentence pattern: flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat,
Second sentence pattern: Ping Ping Ze Ping Ping Ze.
The third sentence pattern: 仄仄平平仄仄平,
The fourth sentence pattern: 任仄平平仄仄.