How to Appreciate Classical Chinese Poetry

Our summer homework is this, hehe, exam introduction. First, the dictation of famous articles and sentences and the recitation of literary and cultural common sense complement each other with "special topic 1", so the famous articles and sentences and literary and cultural common sense referred to in the title refer to ancient poems and sentences and classical literary and cultural common sense. As the title shows, the focus of this part of the content is recitation: reciting famous articles and sentences should establish two "accurate" consciousness: first, recite accurately, preferably in combination with poetry content, rather than having a little knowledge; The second is to write accurately, don't make mistakes and don't be arrogant. The memory of common sense of literature and culture requires candidates to work hard at ordinary times, and the main points of learning can be summarized as follows: 1. Break the whole into parts and accumulate over time; Second, multi-content and comparative memory; Third, learn to build the common sense of network literature and culture. In the college entrance examination, most of the questions about famous articles, famous sentences and common sense of classical literature and culture are quite different from those of the same type, and more is to test candidates' application ability of these knowledge. Generally speaking, the examination form is more flexible and involves a wider range of knowledge. So when writing this part, we try to cover all kinds of questions in many colleges and universities, so that candidates can have a more comprehensive understanding. Proposing universities: Peking University, Nanjing University, Fudan University, China Renmin University, Sichuan University, South China University of Technology, East China Normal University, etc. Second, the appreciation of ancient poetry The examination questions about the appreciation of ancient poetry in the independent enrollment examination of colleges and universities have a lot in common with the examination forms of similar questions in the college entrance examination. The obvious difference is that the self-enrollment questions in colleges and universities pay more attention to comprehensiveness than the college entrance examination questions, and some questions are more difficult. Candidates can review according to the general idea of college entrance examination review. Candidates are reminded to pay attention to two points here: First, they should pay attention to classified appreciation and comprehensive training when reviewing. To appreciate classical poetry, we should learn to appreciate it in categories. According to the different themes of ancient poetry, classical poetry can be divided into three categories: writing scenery, chanting things, chanting history, farewell and traveling. According to different test sites, the examination of classical poetry can be divided into image examination, language examination and skill examination. Different topics and questions have different ideas, appreciation angles and key points. Candidates must establish a comprehensive training consciousness when training before the exam. Comprehensive training is to cover the above test sites and questions. In addition, in the training of works, candidates should not be limited to poems, but also involve widely circulated poems. The second is to strengthen the examination of questions and standardize the expression when answering questions. Specifically, strengthening the examination of questions includes the requirements of examining questions, reviewing notes and reviewing, while standardized expression means that candidates should pay attention to the rigor of expression and the organic combination of narration, analysis and evaluation when answering questions. Propositional universities: Tsinghua and other five universities take the entrance examination, Fudan University, China Renmin University, Sichuan University, Harbin Institute of Technology, South China University of Technology, etc. Third, the teaching goal of classical Chinese reading in senior high school requires candidates to be able to read simple classical Chinese. Although the examination forms and contents of self-enrollment questions in colleges and universities are different from those in the college entrance examination, on the whole, the difficulty coefficient will not exceed the college entrance examination too much, and candidates can still prepare according to the review mode of the college entrance examination. Specifically, we can understand the meaning of the content words in classical Chinese, master the meaning and usage of the function words in classical Chinese, master the common sentence patterns and basic usage in classical Chinese, translate key sentences in classical Chinese fragments smoothly, and learn to filter paragraph information. Summarizing the reading problems of classical Chinese for independent enrollment in colleges and universities, we can find that sentence breaking and classical Chinese translation are compulsory in most colleges and universities. Therefore, it is necessary for us to introduce some basic skills about sentence breaking and translation to candidates to help them review and take exams. Break the sentence first. Sentence reading is the most basic ability to read classical Chinese, and its basis lies in understanding the content of the article. There are no punctuation marks in many paragraphs given in the examination questions of independent enrollment in colleges and universities. Candidates can break sentences according to the following steps: read through the full text, grasp the author's language style by judging the genre of the article, consider the integrity of the sentence meaning of the paragraph, and have a general understanding of the article content; Then concentrate on finding nouns, reading function words, finding truth and arranging couples, and basically point out the sentence reading of the article according to the total score, dialogue and repetition, and then look at the translation. Classical Chinese, especially the classical Chinese, which is far away from today's times, is very different from today's language habits in terms of expression and writing content. It is difficult to understand it alone, and it is even more difficult to translate it accurately, reaching the standards of what the ancients called faithfulness (accuracy), expressiveness (fluency) and elegance (literary talent). Candidates who want to fully grasp the meaning of classical Chinese passages and accurately translate sentences in the independent entrance examination must master a basic principle, that is, literal translation is the mainstay, supplemented by free translation. The so-called literal translation means strictly translating the words of the original text one by one, trying to preserve the characteristics of the original words and sentences, and striving to be consistent with the original style. Free translation, on the other hand, is based on the main idea of the original text, and can adopt different expressions from the original text. Literal translation is "word for word" in the translation process. The specific methods can be summarized as follows: faithful to the original text, not against the original intention; Master notional words and use function words flexibly; Distinguish the meaning of words and clarify the word order; When encountering difficult sentences, contact before and after; Inherent nouns do not need to be translated. As long as you can make full use of your knowledge and master the above translation skills, I believe you can solve the translation problem more easily.