Chapter 1: borrowing scenery to express emotion.
Lyricism through scenery is a lyric way in poetry, that is, lyric through scenery description. It is different from contrast: contrast is a way to express characters by describing the environment; Lyricism by borrowing things is a kind of lyric way, which means that poets don't express their feelings directly when they create, but express their feelings with the help of scenery.
For example, Wang Wei's Autumn Night in a Mountain is a landscape poem with scenery as its main theme. With the help of vision, hearing and quietness, the poem shows the fresh, quiet and natural scenery in the mountains in autumn night, thus showing the poet's love for mountain life and inner peace and tranquility. It is a typical poem that uses scenery to express one's feelings.
Generally speaking, the poems expressing feelings by borrowing scenery mainly focus on scenery description, that is to say, scenery is the object that poets should focus on, and the poet's thoughts and feelings are often hidden in the scenery description; However, if poetry mainly expresses characters, whether the characters are the author himself or the objects he created, then the scenery in the poem is often the poet's description of the environment in order to set off the characters.
Chapter two: knot feelings with scenery
Ending a poem with scenery is a way to end it. Refers to a poem that suddenly turns to writing scenery in the process of discussion or lyric, and ends the whole poem with scenery rather than emotion. By using this technique, readers can gallop their imagination in the description of scenery, appreciate the artistic conception of poetry, make poetry have infinite charm, and produce artistic effects of "endless words and endless meanings" and "ruthlessness is better than emotion at this time"
For example, in Wang Changling's Join the Army, the first three sentences of the poem are lyrical, and the word "endless" is used when it comes to "frontier sorrow". So how can the ending sentence express "endless" sadness in a limited number of seven words? However, in the last sentence, the poet uses a gentle brushwork to solve his feelings with the scene. After the scene of buying wine and drinking music in the army, there suddenly appeared a vast and desolate scene of the bright moon shining on the Great Wall: the ancient and majestic Great Wall was undulating, the autumn moon was shining high, and the scene was magnificent and sad. How do you feel about this? Is it infinite homesickness? Is it an ambition to make meritorious deeds or a sorrow for reality? Give readers rich imagination.
Chapter 3: Rise.
Rise, also known as "xing". Zhu said: "If you are interested, say something else first, and bring up the words you are chanting." . To put it simply, the function of "Xing" is to "lead" and lead out what you want to express with other things. Because it plays the role of "introduction", it often begins with a poem, or if it is a long poem, it begins with a * * *. The description of scenery in poetry also has the function of "xing"
For example, the first sentence of Su Shi's Dongpo Ci, "Rain washes Dongpo, and the moonlight is clear", describes a clean and lonely picture of Dongpo under the moon after the rain. It is this beautiful scenery that makes the poet who calls himself a "savage" go out again after "walking around the city". That is to say, the description of the scenery of "the rain washes the east slope and the moonlight is clear" leads to the description of the poet's behavior in the sentence "People walk like savages", so that the description of the scenery in the first sentence has a shocking effect.
Chapter four: Describe the season, place or weather of roll call with scenery.
Poetry emphasizes implicit images, not only in expressing thoughts and feelings, but also in explaining seasons, places, weather conditions, etc., and often uses scenery descriptions to express them instead of directly saying them. For example, Liu Yong's "Rain Bell" begins with "It's cold and mournful, but the pavilion is late and the shower is early", which not only describes the sad environment when sending off, but also illustrates the role of * * * in an autumn evening when the season is * *, the location of the pavilion is * * *, the weather conditions are * * * and the shower is early. Another example is the second sentence in Du Fu's poem "Shuxiang", which is the answer to the first sentence "Where is the temple of fame?" Therefore, the location of Wuhou Temple was explained first, and the solemn environment of the ancestral temple was also described, showing the reverence and solemn attitude of the poet when he visited the ancestral temple. Another example is Li Bai's "Listening to the Shu Monk Playing the Piano", "Although the mountains are dark, I don't feel the change", which explains the time and weather for the first time. The poet explained the time and weather by "unconsciously", which showed his intoxicated state when listening to the piano, and set off the superb piano skills of Shu monks from the side. The function of this scene description is easy to understand, so I won't say much.
Chapter 5: Transition
Before talking about the transitional role of scenery description in poetry, we must first understand that just as our feelings will change because of the change of environment, in poetry, the feelings of poets may also change because of the influence of the immediate scenery. In other words, the thoughts and feelings expressed by the poet in his poems may be simple, or they may turn from joy to sorrow and from sadness to joy. If the poet's emotion changes in a poem, the scene in front of him may be the reason for his emotional change. In this way, the description of scenery between emotional changes in poetry may have a transitional role.
For example, in Wei Zhuang's "Candidate for the Water Pass of Pan Douyi", the first three parts describe the scenery, and the latter part is lyrical. In the triptych of scenery description, the first couplet and the juxtaposition couplet describe the picturesque scenery around Pandougang: heron birds stand still in the clear waves of the beach, and farmers plow the fields in the sunset. The feelings expressed in couplets are well grasped: expressing the thoughts and attachment to Jiangnan. Then, how are the picturesque beauty of the first two couplets and the sadness of the latter one skillfully unified by the poet? Is to use the third link. This couplet describes the geese flying south, and there is a little lonely cloud in the empty space, which arouses the poet's wandering loneliness and yearning for Jiangnan, and realizes the transition from scenery to emotion, from the description of the beautiful scenery around Pandougang in the first two couplets to the yearning and attachment for Jiangnan in the last one.
Finally, it should be emphasized that these functions of landscape writing are summarized from different angles. Rendering and contrast are the ways to express characters, lyricism by scenery is the way to express feelings, and rising, transition and bonding with scenery are the methods of structure. Therefore, the same scenery writing may have different functions from different angles, or the description of scenery in a poem may have several functions at the same time.