Teaching objectives of mountain climbing teaching plan 1
1. Understand Du Fu's life and its influence on poetry creation.
2. Master the basic methods of poetry appreciation.
3. Appreciate the artistic features of blending scenes and majestic weather.
4. Feel the poet's deep pain and anxiety.
Learning hypothesis
1, read aloud. Strengthen reading training, so that students can feel the sad atmosphere of the picture and the poet's deep anxiety through chanting.
2. Scene reproduction. Stimulate students' creative imagination, reproduce the vast scene of Qiu River and the image of the lyric hero, and understand the thoughts, feelings and artistic characteristics of this poem through re-creation.
Teaching time:
One class hour
Reading preparation before class
1, Du Fu's life experience
Du fu (7 12 ~ 770) was a poet in the Tang dynasty. Beautiful words. Originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei), he was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province. Because he once lived in Shaoling in the south of Chang 'an, he called himself "an old man in Shaoling" and was recommended as Yuan Wailang, a thrifty staff officer and proofreader of the Ministry of Industry in Chengdu. Later generations called it Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu. His poems profoundly reflect the social reality, so he is called "the history of poetry" and he is also called "the sage of poetry".
Du Fu was born in a family with literary tradition. He is the grandson of the famous poet Du Shenyan. He studied poetry at the age of 7 and became famous at the age of 15. After the age of 20, there are four periods.
(1) From the 19th year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan (73 1) to the 4th year of Tianbao (745), Du Fu lived a romantic life. He has roamed wuyue, Qi and Zhao successively. In the meantime, I failed to go to Luoyang to take the Jinshi exam. In three years, Tianbao became close friends with Li Bai in Luoyang. We broke up the next autumn and never met again. There are more than 20 poems of Du Fu in this period, most of which are five laws and five ancient poems, represented by Wang Yue. (no experience)
(2) From the fifth year to the fourteenth year of Tianbao (746-755), Du Fu was trapped in Chang 'an and was down and out. He kept offering promotions to his powerful people, but to no avail. It was not until October of the fourteenth year of Tianbao, a month before the Anshi Rebellion, that he got a small job of joining the army. Frustrated in his official career and hungry in life, he objectively realized the corruption of the rulers and the sufferings of the people, and gradually became a poet who cared about the country and the people. The creation has undergone profound and great changes. Twenty-two rhymes are Zhang by Wei Zuocheng, and two rhymes are Dao, military vehicle shop and levee.
(Worrying about the country and the people)
(3) From Su Zong to the first year of Germany (756) to the second year of Gan Yuan (759), the Anshi Rebellion was the most prosperous. Du Fu also experienced hardships, but his creative achievements were enormous. After the fall of Chang 'an, he went north to Lingwu to go to Suzong, but he was caught halfway, trapped by thieves for nearly half a year, and then fled from Chang 'an to Fengxiang Suzong, where he was picked up by Zuo. Soon, because of his direct advice, he almost died. After the recovery of Chang 'an, he returned to Beijing as his original post. In May 758, Foreign Minister Zhou Hua Sigong joined the army and bid farewell to Chang 'an. In 759, Du Fu, who was disappointed with politics, resigned and arrived in Chengdu at the end of the year. Write poems "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
(Realistic creation reached its peak)
(4) During the period from the first year of Su Zong Shang Yuan (760) to the fifth year of Dai Zong Dali (770), Du Fu spent eight years in Shuzhong and three years in Jingxiang. In the spring of 760, he built a thatched cottage near Huanhuaxi, Chengdu, and lived intermittently for five years. In 765, after the death of Yanwu, Du Fu lost his support and left Chengdu with his family. Started a life of "wandering in the southwest between heaven and earth" and spent a lot of time on the boat. In the winter of 770, Du Fu died on a ship from Changsha to Yueyang at the age of 58.
The imperial army recovered the banks of the Yellow River, and the book rose high, the autumn wind broke the thatched cottage, and Jiangcun climbed Yueyang Tower.
2. Writing background
This poem was written by Du Fu in Kuizhou in the autumn of the second year of Dali (767). Kuizhou is located on the bank of the Yangtze River, at the mouth of Zhuantang Canyon. It is famous for its fast water, strong wind and many apes. This poem expresses not only the poet's personal misfortune. At that time, four years had passed since the Anshi Rebellion, but local warlords took advantage of the gap and competed for territory with each other, causing social unrest and people's livelihood. In this situation, the poet had to continue to "wander between the southwest and heaven." His depression was caused by many factors, including the hardships of the times, the hardships of his family, personal illness and unfulfilled ambitions, and the successive deaths of his friends Li Bai, Gao Shi and Yanwu. In order to get rid of the depression that is always on his mind like a thick cloud, he came to power in spite of illness, but the bleak Jiangxia autumn scenery added new worries to him.
Teaching steps:
First, the introduction of new courses: (projection screen)
(Music begins) The tone is low, the speech speed is slow, and the mood is full. ) 1200 years ago, it was an autumn, around the Double Ninth Festival in early September. Kuizhou, by the Yangtze River. The wind blew so hard that the trees along the river withered. Leaves are flying in the sky, and the mountains are covered with rotten and yellow leaves. The river is tumbling and rushing forward. In the cold wind, there are several lonely birds hovering. From time to time in the distance, there were several calls of apes. At this time, an old man went up the mountain. He is in rags, his eyes are cloudy and his face is unkempt. The old man staggered and stumbled. He has been plagued by diseases, including lung disease, malaria and rheumatism. And it's already "dead right arm, half deaf."
The Double Ninth Festival is a festival for climbing and praying. However, the old man's life is bumpy and poor, and it seems that he has reached the winter of his life. Moreover, at this time, the country is in a state of war, and he is far away from his hometown and wandering alone.
Facing the Wan Li River, lonely flying birds and decaying dead trees, the old man's heart is full of all kinds of worries ... Singing loudly: in the wild wind in the vast sky, apes are sobbing, and birds are flying home on the clear lake and white beach. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. Bitter and bitter, frosty temples, heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine.
Yes, so let's approach the old man and his life today and enjoy the famous poem "Climbing the Mountain" (projection project) that he left us more than 200 years ago.
Let's read it again with the music! (Music begins)
Second, guide reading.
Reading is the key to learning poetry. Reading can better understand the theme of poetry, understand the feelings that poets want to express, and appreciate poetry better.
So how can we read better? (Projection reading essentials)
1, rational grasp: to understand the author of the poem and understand the connotation of the poem, we must go into the author's heart, write as he looks, and say as he looks.
2. Emotional expression: pronunciation, intonation, expression, movement and music.
Third, appreciate the text.
1, appreciation of the first couplet-"The sky is full of high winds, apes crow and birds crow, and the blue lake and white sand return"
This poem begins with six kinds of scenery: wind, sky, ape, bamboo, sand and birds. They are described as "urgent", "high", "sad", "clear", "white" and "flying back". Write six kinds of scenery in fourteen words, which is extremely concise.
The strong wind makes people feel very cold. Both physically and mentally. But more importantly, it is spiritual.
The sky is very high, which makes people in the world look very small and lonely.
It is very sad to hear the cry of an ape.
Birds can be birds that can't find food. Because it is late autumn, there is little food. It can also be a bird that can't find a home. It is wandering around, looking for its own nest. It may also be a bird that has lost contact with the flock. When appreciating, we should dare to expand our imagination and use our imagination to fill the blank left by poetry. In a word, is this a happy bird? This is a lonely and painful bird.
We can't imagine it is a happy bird, we can only think of it as one, not many. This is because we are all imagining Du Fu's situation at the moment. At this point, Du Fu is wandering alone.
2. Appreciate the couplets-"Leaves fall like the waves of a waterfall, and I watch the long river always roll forward."
The jaw association only wrote two kinds of scenery: fallen trees and the Yangtze River. From falling trees to missing trees, from trees and people, we should still associate Du Fu's current situation. Du Fu must have thought he was like a tree when he saw the fallen leaves. He is very old. People arrive in the late autumn of life. Life is short. It's a hundred years in a flash. Du Fu was born in 7 12, died in 770, and lived for 58 years. When he wrote this poem, he was 55 years old in 767, three years before his death.
If "the fallen trees are rustling" means that life is short, then "the Yangtze River is endless"?
It should be the infinity of time and the endless sense of the long river of history. "A river's water never returns, and the waves are exhausted, and it is a romantic figure through the ages." Summarize the meaning of these two sentences, compare and set off. The shorter a person's life, the longer history and time appear. Or conversely, the longer history and time, the shorter life. "Human life" refers to individual life. Life is a hundred years, and mountains and rivers last forever.
In the second sentence, Du Fu felt a little helpless in the face of endless history. There is also a great momentum. But at the same time, as a realistic poet and a broad-minded intellectual, he is helpless and can't understand the shortness of life, and he doesn't want to violate the laws of nature and pray for immortality. He knows that no matter when people live, they will inevitably die. This is an inevitable law. Therefore, he feels open-minded, magnanimous and open-minded.
3. Appreciate the Necklace-"A frequent visitor in Wanli Autumn, who has been with me for a hundred years, has climbed this high alone."
Being a guest is different from being a guest now. Being a guest here means living in a foreign country. Du Fu here means wandering in another country, wandering in another country. Moreover, Du Fu was in a period of war. This is long-term and continuous. Always a guest. From the age of 48 to his death at the age of 58, Du Fu drifted 1 1 year. It is the eighth year since I wrote this poem. What does it mean to be on stage? Being on stage is the custom of the Double Ninth Festival. Why did the ancients come to power? Pray for longevity. The whole family went on stage together, but what about Du Fu? I am alone, and the position of the stage is usually in my hometown. Where's Du Fu? It was the sad autumn when I left home in Wan Li. Being a guest and going on stage are already double troubles. Think about it, it's already six stories. Think further, Du Fu has been on stage for a hundred years.
"Hundred years" is old, dragging the sick body, and it is eight layers of sorrow.
4. Appreciate the couplets-"Bad luck, frosty temples, heartache and tired wine and dust"
What is the most fundamental reason for Du Fu's sadness? The national disaster is at the head, and war has been going on for years. Because of hardship, pain and hatred, my temple is gray. What do you mean by suffering? I hate it when the country is in a difficult situation. I am old and my temples are gray. Bitterness means extreme. This shows Du Fu's concern for the country and people. Du Fu wanted to contribute to the country and let go of the war, but he was too old and ill to contribute to the country. It's a worrying emotion, anxiety. Anxiety, only white hair, frosty temples. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak. "Suffering" refers not only to the suffering of the country, but also to the suffering of the individual. Because Du Fu is "a hundred years old" at this time, that is, in his later years, and he is sick all over, it is estimated that he may not live long, so the old man Du Fu at this time should pay more attention to the hardships and hardships of his life. Wandering from place to place, bumpy and difficult-almost always accompanied Du Fu's life. There are both national difficulties and personal sufferings, both of which exist. He is worried about his country, his people and his health. One of Du Fu's unique features should be emphasized in particular, that is, many intellectuals in ancient times often took "if they are rich, they will help the world; if they are poor, they will help the world" as their life criterion, while Du Fu helped the world regardless of poverty.
Du Fu loves drinking. This is not the first time that we have written about drinking in Du Fu's poems. You can also give some examples of drinking, "In the green spring, when I go home, I sing my songs loudly and drink my wine." In Du Fu's poem "Nine Days", there is "Chongyang drinks a glass of wine alone, and when he is ill, he goes to the river to get Taiwan". Du Fuke also drinks, and troubles also drink. In China, it seems that only wine can fully express feelings of joy or change. And it's the Double Ninth Festival, and I'm used to drinking chrysanthemum wine. But old people can't drink. Because he has a variety of diseases, such as lung disease, he quit drinking because of illness, and because of poverty, he may not be able to drink. Only by drinking can we at least dispel some melancholy emotions. But you can't drink. How can we get rid of this gloom and how can we alleviate it? -only at the end of the poem, in Du Fu's heart.
Rock climbing teaching plan 2 1. Approaching the author:
Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province, and was a poet Du Zhisun. During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he traveled to wuyue in the south and Zhao Qi in the north, and lived a "dissolute life". In the fifth year of Tianbao (746), when I arrived in Chang 'an, there was no way to make progress. After ten years of hardships, he got a small official who led the government soldier Cao to join the army. Since the An Shi Rebellion, he has been in exile and captured by the rebels. After getting out of danger, he was awarded the post of official left gleaning, and was soon demoted to join the army by Sigong of Huazhou. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), he abandoned his official position and went to Guanlong, visited Qin Zhou, stayed in Tonggu, and finally arrived in Sichuan and settled in Huanhuaxi, Chengdu. Under the curtain of Yanwu, our correspondent in Jiannan, he served as the section chief and Yuan Wailang of the Correctional Department. In the first year of Yongtai (765), he planned to leave East Sichuan and lived in Kuizhou for two years. In the third year of Dali (768), he took his family out of the gorge, moved to Hubei and Hunan, and died on the way to Chenzhou. There is "Du Shaoling Collection"
Du Fu is a great realistic poet in the history of China literature. He wrote 1400 poems in his life. His poems are rich in social content, distinctive in the times and strong in political inclination, which is called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is called "Poet Saint" and "Poet Saint". Du Fu was born in a feudal family, and was educated and edified by feudal orthodoxy since childhood. With millet, I promise myself, and I am interested in "being the most noble and obedient, and then making the customs pure." He once proudly said, "I claim to be completely out, and I want to win Jin Lu immediately." Du Fu spent his whole life in misery and poverty, which made him more grounded. "If you are poor, you will worry about Li Yuan, sighing that your intestines are hot." The pain of life and the sufferings of the people have aggravated his inner bitterness, fatigue and sadness, and he is worried about the country and the people.
Second, understand the rhythm:
Rhyme is a genre of China's traditional poetry, which belongs to the category of modern poetry and is named because of its strict metrical requirements. Rhyme originated in the Southern Dynasties.
Yongming, Shen Yue and other new-style poems focusing on the antithesis of rhythm were further developed and stereotyped in the early Tang Dynasty, and prevailed in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Rhyme has strict rules in word, rhyme, even tone and antithesis. Its common types are five-character poems and seven-character poems.
Each rhyme consists of four parts, which are called first couplet, platoon couplet, neck couplet and tail couplet in turn; Every two sentences, the first sentence is called a sentence, and the next sentence is called a sentence; The level of each sentence has strict rules, especially the level of the second, fourth and sixth words, which cannot be changed at will. All even-numbered sentences must rhyme (the first sentence can be put or closed), and the rhyme is generally put and rhymes to the end; The two couplets in the middle must be fighting each other.
The quatrains of modern poetry, also known as quatrains, are two couplets, each with the same level and rhyme as metrical poems, but different.
Third, understand the background:
This poem was written by Du Fu in Kuizhou in the second year of Dali (767). At the time of writing this poem, the Anshi Rebellion has ended for four years, but the forces of the buffer region took advantage of the gap to compete for territory, the society was in turmoil, and people's livelihood was depressed. In this situation, Du Fu can only continue to drift with the tide, and many factors have caused his depression, including the hardships of the times, the hardships of his family, his personal illness and unfulfilled ambitions, and the successive deaths of his friends Li Bai, Gao Shi and Yanwu. In order to get rid of depression, he came to the stage sick, but worried. In addition to worry, he added new sadness. At that time, Du Fu lived in Kuizhou, aged 56. His long wandering life, coupled with depression, made the poet seriously ill. Chongyang had no intention of climbing the mountain, and he was sad and expressed his inner feelings.
Fourth, the famous comment:
Song Yang Wanli's "Chengzhai Poetry" "The etymology goes back to the Three Gorges, and the brush array sweeps a thousand troops alone." "Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, while I watch the long river roll forward."
The first one is a bee waist, and the second one is a crane knee.
Ming. Wang Shizhen's "Yi Yan Yuan Yan" Volume 4: Lao Du condensed, I love the chapter "The wind is rushing and the sky is high", and the knot is light.
Shen Deqian's Tang poems in Qing Dynasty were all right in eight sentences, starting with two sentences, but they still re-used rhyme and changed their style. It used to be said that these two couplets could be cut off. Think about "falling trees rustling" and "the Yangtze River rolling in". Fortunately, Boundless, Endless, Wan Li and Centennial.
1. background supplement
When Du Fu wrote this poem, the Anshi Rebellion had ended for four years, but local warlords took the opportunity to compete for territory with each other, and the society was still in chaos. In this situation, he had to continue to "wander in the southwest between heaven and earth" and struggle with the sigh of "when will the years return". The hardships of the times, the hardships of the family, personal illness and unfulfilled ambitions, and the successive deaths of friends Li Bai, Gao Shi and Yanwu, all these have been pressing on his mind like thick clouds. In order to get rid of depression, he took to the stage and wrote Rising. Yang Lun praised this poem as "the first of Du Ji's seven-character poems"; Hu Yinglin's Poetry is even more impressive, and it is the "crown of ancient and modern seven-character poems".
Depression and depression
Melancholy and frustration are the style characteristics of poetry content and form, which is about Du Fu's poetry style. "Depression" and "heaviness" are deep, deep and profound; "Depression", that is, "accumulation", is dignified and subtle. It refers to the richness and profundity of poetry's thoughts and feelings, not to the negativity, depression and sadness of thoughts. "cadence" refers to conciseness and calmness in language, alternation of priorities in rhythm, cadence in tone and sonorous ups and downs in melody, forming touching musical beauty. Depression and frustration are linked together, that is to say, the feelings are so deep that they can't be poured out at once, as if something is blocking them. After repeated times, this feeling finally showed incisively and vividly.
Step 3 contact to solve the problem
The Double Ninth Festival, originally a traditional festival in China, is a day to climb mountains with relatives and pray for a long life. Wang Wei's "I miss my brothers in Shandong on vacation in the mountains" is in a foreign land, and I miss my relatives every holiday. I know from a distance where my brother climbed, and there is one person missing from the dogwood. Understand the meaning of "climbing"-Double Ninth Festival, climbing to pray for longevity, missing relatives, missing hometown and expressing feelings.
A brief introduction to the author of verb (abbreviation of verb)
Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now gongyi city City, Henan Province).
Man, a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu was honored as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems were called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu-Little Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang.
Six, stylistic knowledge
This poem was written in the autumn of 767 AD (the second year of Dali in Tang Daizong), and Du Fu was in Kuizhou. He wrote this book at the age of 56. One day, he boarded the high platform outside Bai Di, Kuizhou alone. The bleak scenery in Qiu Jiang triggered the feeling of his life falling, which permeated his old illness and loneliness. Thus, there was this song "Ascending the Mountain", which was known as the "crown of seven laws"
Three Officials and Three Farewells are Du Fu's masterpieces.
① Three officials: Shi Haoguan, Tongguan and Xin 'an; ② Three farewell: newly married, homeless and resigned.
Seven, consolidate the exercise
1. What rhetorical devices are used in the couplets of the following poems? What is the expressive function?
Leaves fall like a waterfall,
When I watch the long river roll forward.
2. The poem "Ascending to the Top" was praised by later generations as "the crown of seven-character poems in ancient and modern times". What do you think of its reputation?
3. What role does the scenery description in the poem Up the Mountain play in expressing the poet's feelings?
Reference answer
1. A: 1. Duality, "endless falling wood" and "endless Yangtze River" make the artistic conception of the poem appear broad and far-reaching; The rustling leaves make people feel more colorful about the rolling water, and write the poet's endless sorrow over the loss of his youth but his ambition is not paid. The antithesis is round and natural, with no chisel marks.
Second, the overlapping words of "rustling" and "rolling" highlight the situation of falling leaves and endless rivers, making poetry more vivid, making people feel immersive and rhythmic.
2. A: Viewpoint 1 The content is thick and full. Whether describing reality or sketching history, Du Fu's poems all show solid ideological connotation and dignified historical consciousness. The words "bitterness, bitterness and hatred" in Ascending the Mountain contain pent-up patriotic feelings and lingering worries. This is not only related to personal wandering, aging and illness in southwest China, but also related to social unrest and people's drift from place to place. The poet's sadness is condensed in these four words, which are profound and profound.
Viewpoint 2: Emotional ups and downs. The emotional expression in Du Fu's poems is not straightforward, but has hidden changes in priorities. The first sentence in Ascending the Mountain, "The sky is high and the wind is urgent, and the ape whimpers", if it comes from outer space, shows the reader the poet's emotion of "sorrowing for autumn"; "Birds fly home over clear lakes and white beaches" is also comforting, as if to limit this sadness; "Falling leaves are like waterfalls", which pushes the poet's "sad autumn" mood to a new height; The "Yangtze River" in "And I See the Long River Always Rolling Forward" shows an open and distant realm, which seems to buffer this sadness. In the description of the scenery, we can ponder the emotional ups and downs of the poet's sad world.
Viewpoint 3: Structural circular reference. In Up the Mountain, one or three sentences are about mountain scenery, two or four are about river scenery, five or seven are about misery, and six or eight are about disease. The beauty of caring is rare. The first and second couplet writes about scenery, which leads to "sad autumn"; The neck and tail are combined with lyricism, and "sadness is autumn" and "bitterness is resentment" because of "illness" Interlocking and seamless connection.
3. A: All landscape words are sentimental words. The first four sentences of this poem describe the scenery, which strongly contrast the poet's mood and write the poet's sad autumn. However, the word "sad autumn" is not directly used, but this feeling of sad autumn is infiltrated into the concrete picture. The natural scenery and the cries of apes in the poem are full of sadness. Rolling the Yangtze River, rustling fallen trees, hovering birds and barren small continents are all rendering the atmosphere of the environment and setting off the poet's artistic conception. "Love moves with things, and words are sent with feelings. A leaf welcomes guests, and the sound of insects is enough to attract the heart. " What's more, the bleak and cold scenery in front of us naturally moved the poet. And this psychological activity and emotional change, in turn, deepened the emotional color of the scenery.