1, the Northern Song Dynasty ended the five dynasties and ten kingdoms regime; The Yuan Dynasty achieved great unity and the society was relatively stable.
2. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the economy continued to develop and maintained a leading position in the world. The high development of economy is the material prerequisite for the development of science, technology and culture.
3. During this period, ethnic integration was strengthened, economic and cultural exchanges between ethnic groups were frequent, and people of all ethnic groups learned from each other, which promoted the improvement of ethnic cultures.
During this period, great progress has been made in foreign exchange. In the economic and cultural exchanges with Asian, African and European countries, on the one hand, China's advanced culture has spread all over the world; On the other hand, China has absorbed foreign cultures and enriched its national culture.
5. The culture of this period continued to develop on the basis of the cultural peak of Sui and Tang Dynasties, and people of all ethnic groups jointly created brilliant civilization.
Extended data
The Basic Clues and Features in Song and Yuan Dynasties
1, politically
It experienced the coexistence of Liao, Northern Song and Xia, the confrontation between Southern Song and Jin Dynasties and the Yuan Dynasty. From the separatist regime to the consolidation of centralization, the coexistence of political powers established by several ethnic groups and their eventual reunification in wartime are the main political characteristics of this historical period. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, centralization was further developed and improved, which promoted the development of a unified multi-ethnic country.
2. Economically
China's feudal economy continued to develop, exceeding the level of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The most notable feature is the rapid economic development in the south, overtaking the north, and the national economic center of gravity shifting from the north to the south. The development of agriculture and handicrafts has new characteristics. With the prosperity of urban economy, the commodity economy has been fully developed compared with the previous generation. The large-scale development of overseas trade is an important feature of Sino-foreign economic exchanges in this period.
3. Ethnic relations and foreign relations.
The rapid rise of minority regimes has led to the coexistence of multi-ethnic regimes. Peace between regimes is the mainstream of ethnic relations, and political, economic and cultural exchanges between ethnic groups are extremely frequent.
The feudal relations of production expanded to the frontier, and the minority regime adopted a series of sinicization policies, which accelerated the feudalization of the nation and the development of all ethnic groups and contributed to the development of the frontier.
After the reunification of the Yuan Dynasty, the provincial system was established to effectively manage the border areas such as Tibet, Taiwan Province and Yunnan, which further strengthened ethnic integration and promoted the development of a unified multi-ethnic. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there were frequent economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. The three great inventions have greatly promoted the exchange and development of world economy and culture.
4. From a cultural perspective
Due to the continuous development of feudal economy, the further strengthening of ethnic integration and frequent economic and cultural exchanges with foreign countries, the ancient culture of China has reached a high level of prosperity.
The wide application of movable type printing, compass and gunpowder has promoted the progress of world civilization; Meng Qian Bi Tan is an encyclopedia; Developed education; Brilliant achievements in history, literature, philosophy and painting; The drama of Yuan Dynasty developed unprecedentedly, and talented people came forth in large numbers.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Song Yuan