? Li Qingzhao, born in Zhangqiu, Song Qi, now lives in Jinan. A poetess in Song Dynasty, a representative of graceful and restrained school, was praised as "the first talented woman in history".
Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family and had a good life in his early years. Her father Li has a rich collection of books, and she has laid a literary foundation in a good family environment since she was a child. After marriage, she and her husband Zhao Mingcheng devoted themselves to the collection and arrangement of calligraphy and painting stones. Nomads from the central plains, south, lonely situation. In the lyrics, he wrote more about his early leisure life, his later life experience and sentimental mood. In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language. On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words.
? Li Qingzhao's different styles in different periods
1. Innocent and carefree girlhood
The first period is Li Qingzhao's girlhood. At that time, everything went well with her: her father Li was a famous essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty and a senior official, and he was also very fond of Li Qingzhao. During this period, Li Qingzhao was beautiful and refined, brilliant, enlightened and wise, and the political atmosphere in this period was also clear and harmonious-she was carefree and happy in her girlhood, and turned this joy into words. The masterpiece "Like a Dream, Always Remember the Sunset in Xiting" mainly describes a pleasant outing. This poem is like a window, which opens a fragment of the legendary woman's life to us-a lively, naive and willful girlhood.
Like a dream, I will always remember the sunset in Xiting.
I often remember the pavilion by the stream next to the pavilion until the sunset, intoxicated by the beautiful scenery and lingering.
Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng.
How to row a boat out, accidentally, but scared a group of Oulu.
2. During the young woman's period, her feelings were long and her mind was light.
The second period was shortly after Li Qingzhao got married. Li Qingzhao/Kloc-married Zhao Mingcheng at the age of 0/8. She is a perfect match for her husband, Zhao Mingcheng. Zhao Mingcheng's father, Zhao Ting, once served as prime minister. Zhao Mingcheng himself is also very fond of poetry, antique calligraphy and painting, and appreciation of inscriptions on bronze. Husband and wife are like-minded and have deep feelings, and talented people and beautiful women are naturally immortal couples. However, after marriage, the husband rushed for his career, and the couple gathered less and left more, leaving more sadness. However, even leaving sadness is a sweet sadness. Soul mates, two of a kind's love, and "just frowning but falling in love with my heart" filled the hearts of the young couple, and also permeated many of Li Qingzhao's poems at this time. The representative word of this period is "A Plum", which changed the liveliness and playfulness of girlhood and showed a young woman's melancholy and lingering feelings towards her husband.
Cut plums
Lotus root is fragrant, and jade is lingering in autumn. Gently untie Luo Shang and go to Lan alone. Who sent the brocade book? The word goose returns, and the moon is full of the west building.
Flowers bloom and fall, and flowing water gurgles. One kind of lovesickness, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation, only frown and mind.
3. Wandering, sad and sad sunset years
The third period is after Li Qingzhao lost her husband. At this time, her country was destroyed, her husband died and most of her treasures were gone. She is alone in a foreign land, and the pain of life is all in one place. The representative word of this period is "slow voice", which describes her bleak evening scene and witnesses the general mentality of staying in troubled times. The fourteen overlapping words from the beginning of the pen truly reproduce the modality, cold and cheerless situation and miserable situation that the poet is looking for. What a genius! Li Qingzhao condensed the desolation and pain of the late scene of her life into a late event. Turn full feelings into a sad rain, a wind of adversity, a sad goose, a blooming chrysanthemum and a drizzle of phoenix tree. The choice of these images seems to be casual, but it is the most natural to weave an emotional network bearing desolation and pain. Li Qingzhao's ci in his later years expanded from personal experience to social and historical tragedy, with broader artistic conception and deeper emotion.
A slow voice
Looking around, lonely and sad.
It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold.
Three glasses and two glasses of wine, how can you beat it? It's late in the wind. Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance.
Yellow flowers are piled all over the floor, but they are worn out. Who can pick them now?
Looking out the window, how can a person be dark? Indus is drizzling, and at dusk, it is falling.
This time, what a sad sentence?
1, a touch of crimson lips and boudoir thoughts
Li Qingzhao? Song dynasty
Lonely boudoir, one inch sad and tender. Cherish the spring to go, when to rush the rain.
Leaning over, just not in the mood. Where people are, even the sky is getting dark, and the way home is broken. (Bad work: Fang)
This is a poem written by in my heart forever, which expresses his feelings of parting with hatred. The whole poem is sincere, exquisite and leisurely, which profoundly reveals the infinite sadness in the heart of the lyric heroine.
The first part of the word is injury to spring, and the second part is injury to farewell. The injury and farewell to spring melted into a thousand deep sorrows. It depicts a boudoir image that is persistent in love and sincere and delicate in emotion. I wrote 1000 deep sorrows that make people feel deeply grieved: loneliness, spring injury, parting injury, and returning home. At the end, I wrote the word "hope to break" to express the sadness that I can't return. At this time, feelings have accumulated to the highest peak, and the whole word has reached a climax.
2. Nangezi, the Milky Way turns in the sky.
Li Qingzhao? Song dynasty
The milky way turns in the sky, and the curtain on earth hangs. Cold pillow with tears. Let's talk about Luo Yi again. What a night this is.
The emerald lotus is small, and the golden lotus root leaves are thin. Old weather, old clothes Only when feelings are different from those in my hometown.
The date of this song "Nan Gezi" is unknown, but judging from the hatred of national subjugation, it seems that it was written after living in Jiangnan.
Using vulgar characters is the most prominent feature of Yi 'an Ci. Every word and sentence is refined, and daily spoken English is harmonious into poetry. This word seems dull, but in fact it just expresses the mind of a talented woman. It is not surprised or angry, but it is touching.
3, partridge days, cold days, rustling on the window.
Li Qingzhao? Song dynasty
When the window is closed in cold weather, the phoenix tree hates night frost. Wine column prefers bitter tea, and dreams are broken.
Autumn has passed, the days are still long, and Zhong Xuanhuai is even more desolate. It's better to get drunk than to stay at a respectful distance from others. Don't be negative.
This poem written by autumn scenery is typical of Yi 'an's later works. From beginning to end, I began to write homesickness from drunkenness, full of sadness and sadness. The first two sentences of this word are written on the buttonwood tree in cold weather, revealing infinite desolation. "Sasha Vujacic" here means depression and loneliness. "The window of the zoo" is a window lattice carved with a chain pattern. The word "up" means that the cold weather is getting up and the light is slowly climbing up the window lattice, which means that the author has been watching the shadow of the sun for a long time and is bored. Indus withers early and leaves in autumn. "Hate frost" means hate frost falling from leaves. Vegetation is ignorant, so the hatred of phoenix tree is actually the hatred of human beings. Thus, the scenery is used to express feelings, depicting the author's loneliness and loneliness. Because I was in a bad mood, I had to drown my sorrows in wine. I was drunk and drunk. I couldn't help falling asleep. When I wake up, I feel refreshed and fragrant. Three or four sentences are marked with the words "happy" and "appropriate" respectively, which seems to write happy, but in fact it is not happy but sad. "Stop drinking" refers to the time when drinking ends. "Group tea" is tea cake. In the Song Dynasty, there was a group of dragons and phoenixes specially made for tributes, with dragon and phoenix patterns printed on it, which was the most precious. Tea can relieve alcohol; I like bitter tea very much, which shows that I have drunk a lot of wine; Drinking too much wine means you are worried. "Ruinao", also known as borneol, is distilled from borneol wood. On the surface, "escape" seems to mean pleasant fragrance, but in fact, just like the cold weather in the first sentence, it is to write about the silence of the environment by fragrance, because only in a cold and silent environment can the fragrance of fragrance be more easily distributed, thus becoming deeper and stronger, so that people can clearly feel it.
4, spread the sand, get sick, and the horns are ringing.
Li Qingzhao? Song dynasty
The sideburns have gradually become sparse, with white hair, lying in bed, looking at the waning moon on the window screen. Boil cardamom into boiling soup, and you don't have to eat it in the spirit of tea.
How easy it is to read with a pillow, and the scenery is better before the rain. Accompany me all day, only the deep and reserved osmanthus.
This poem, written in the author's later years, is a lyric poem, mainly about her life after illness, which is euphemistic and moving. Most of the things described between the lines are ordinary things, natural feelings and understated introductions, but they have a gripping effect.
This word is light in style and cheerful in mood, which is very different from other works of the same period. The whole article is written in plain lines, with simple and natural language and profound feelings.
5. Summer quatrains
Li Qingzhao? Song dynasty
Live and be a man among men; Die and become the soul in the soul.
Today, people still miss Xiang Yu because he refused to live and returned to the East.
This is an ancient poem that satirizes the present and expresses grief and indignation. The first two sentences of the poem are surprising and straightforward, suggesting that people "live as outstanding people", make contributions to the country and serve the court; "Death" should also be a "ghost hero" to be a hero with indomitable spirit. Deep patriotism gushed out and shocked people. In the last two sentences, the poet satirizes the shameless behavior of those in power in the Southern Song Dynasty by praising Xiang Yu's tragic behavior.
This poem clearly puts forward the value orientation of life: people should be heroes in life and contribute to the country; Even if you die, you have to die for your country and become a hero in ghosts. Patriotic passion, beyond words, was really inspiring. The rulers of the southern song dynasty ignored the lives of the people and only cared about their own escape; Abandon the rivers and mountains of the Central Plains and drag out an ignoble existence. Then, the poet remembered Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu broke through to Wujiang, and the director of Wujiang Pavilion advised him to cross the river quickly and return to Jiangdong for assembly. Xiang Yu felt ashamed to see his elders in Jiangdong, so he turned around and killed hundreds of enemy troops, and then committed suicide. The poet lashed out at the shameless behavior of the rulers in the Southern Song Dynasty, and used the ancient times to satirize the present, which was awe-inspiring. There are only twenty words in the whole poem, and three allusions are used in succession, but it's no harm to pile them up, because they are all the poet's voices. The poems that hit the floor are so generous and vigorous, all written by women, which really makes people overwhelmed.
6. Qingpingle is snowing every year
Li Qingzhao [Song]
When I was a child, it snowed every year, and I often indulged in the enthusiasm of plums. Later, although the effect was in hand, I was not in a good mood to enjoy it. I could only rub it at will, but I got tears on my clothes.
I lived in a remote place when the plum blossoms were in bloom this year, and my ears were short and thin. Look at the plum blossom blown by the night wind, and it is probably hard to see its gorgeous.
This word was written by Li Qingzhao in her later years, sighing her life experience by appreciating plums. The poet intercepted the typical pictures of plum viewing in three different periods: early years, middle ages and old age, profoundly expressed the joy of early years, the sadness of middle ages and the decline of old age, and made an image summary and summary of the joys and sorrows of his life.
Although the word is small in space, it uses a variety of artistic techniques. Starting with describing the different feelings of enjoying plum in turn, the comparison method is used. The three stages of life and three different feelings are in sharp contrast, which shows the great changes in the poet's life. Judging from the arrangement from top to bottom, it is a foil. Writing about the past and writing about the present, but not paying equal attention to the past and the present, but opposing the past and the present, shows the author's poverty, grief and melancholy mood. Appreciating plums conveys a person's feelings about the past and present, and worries about the country. But it is not a pun on people by describing the state of things. The words are plain and profound. Compared with the song Forever Happiness, Sunset Jin Rong, it is not as touching as it is.
This small print closely links personal life experience with plum blossom, pinning suffering and feelings on plum blossom, with ingenious conception and profound placement.
7. Drunken flowers and shadows, smoke and clouds will last forever.
Li Qingzhao? Song dynasty
The fog is thick and the clouds are light, and it will always be sad. The brain sells golden beasts. The festival is also a double ninth festival, and the jade pillow gauze kitchen is half cold at night. (kitchen: cabinets; Golden Beast: Golden Beast)
Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves. Mo Tao doesn't forget me, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. (Comparison between people: people are all the same)
This word was written by the author after marriage. By describing the scene of drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival, it sets off a desolate and lonely atmosphere and expresses the loneliness of the author who misses her husband.
Another feature of this word is its moral. Tangtu believes that the main feature of implication is: "If you don't say anything, it will be romantic." Language is not involved, if not worried. "Literally, this song" Drunken Flowers "is not about the pain of parting and lovesickness, but when you think about it, every word of it is saturated with this. From the details of how much Renao burns in the incense burner from time to time (that is, how much time has passed), readers can feel that she is simply living like a year. It's hard during the day, and it's even harder at night. Li Qingzhao didn't directly write "I miss my relatives every festive season", but wrote about insomnia and didn't fall asleep until midnight. It seems that she feels cold not only physically, but also internally. So her yearning for Zhao Mingcheng is beyond words. After reading the whole article, the image of a young woman who can't bear the pain of parting stands clearly in front of the readers.
The whole word is as clear as words, and there is nothing cold and difficult to understand, but the feelings expressed are very profound and delicate. The combination of fluency and profundity is an important feature of Li Qingzhao's ci style.
8. Wuling Spring Festival Gala
Li Qingzhao [Song]
The wind has stopped the dust, the fragrant flowers have blossomed, and I am tired of combing my hair at night. Things are people, not everything, and tears flow first.
It is said that Shuangxi Spring is still good, and it is also planned to make canoes. I'm afraid the ship can't carry much worry.
This poem "Wulingchun" was written by the author after he lost his wife in middle age, which is incomparable to the ordinary poem in My Heart forever. This word uses the scene of late spring to write the poet's deep depression and sorrow. The whole word is full of sighs, beautiful language, beautiful artistic conception and beautiful scenery.
This word inherits the traditional writing and adopts the first-person narrator, which is similar to later plays. With the first-person tone and deep melancholy melody, she created an image of a talented woman wandering in the lonely and desolate ring.
This word is concise and implicit, which shows Li Qingzhao's skill in refining words and making sentences. Among them, the phrase "the wind and dust make fragrant flowers" is even more extreme: it not only points out the scene of the previous storm, but also draws the charm of falling flowers turning into dust after the rain has cleared; It not only describes the author's depression that she can't go out in rainy days, but also her feelings that she is afraid of spring and hurts her body. It's endless.
The outstanding feature of the artistic expression of this word is the clever use of various rhetorical devices, especially metaphors. Metaphor is a common phenomenon in poetry; However, it is very difficult to use it in a novel way. Good metaphors often turn spirit into matter and abstract feelings into concrete images, which are innovative and unique. In this poem, Li Qingzhao said, "I'm afraid the ship can't carry much on its mind." It is also an exaggerated metaphor to describe "trouble", but she coined new words herself and used them naturally without trace. Readers say it is natural and appropriate because it comes from the previous sentence "canoe" and "canoe" comes from "Shuangxi", which is full of feelings in the landscape and nature and forms a complete artistic conception.
9, the voice is slow, find it.
Li Qingzhao [Song]
Looking around, lonely and sad. It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold. Three glasses and two glasses of wine, how can you beat him? It's late and urgent! Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance.
Yellow flowers were piled all over the floor, withered and damaged. Who can pick them now? Looking out the window, how can you be black alone! Indus is raining in Mao Mao, dripping at dusk. This time, what a sad sentence! (looking at the window: looking at the window)
After the change of Jingkang, Li Qingzhao's country was broken, her family died, her husband died and she was injured. During this period, her works were no longer fresh and pleasant, nor shallow and low-key, but turned to melancholy and sadness, mainly expressing the memory of her late husband Zhao Mingcheng and her lonely and desolate situation. This word is one of the typical representative works of this period.