Ambiguity, also known as polysemy or polysemy, is one of the important aesthetic characteristics of literature. It refers to a language that seems to have a single and definite meaning, but it contains multiple and uncertain meanings, which makes readers remember deeply. Ambiguity makes readers feel that there are multiple meanings and various "reading methods" when reading literary works.
"Defamiliarization" was originally a famous literary theory, which was put forward by Russian formalist critic shklovsky. He said: "Art exists to restore people's feelings about life and make people feel things ... The purpose of art is to make people feel things, not just to know things. The skill of art is to make the object strange, make the form difficult, and increase the difficulty of feeling and the length of time, because the feeling process itself is an aesthetic purpose and must be extended. " Shklovsky's "defamiliarization" poetics theory is an important milestone in the history of the development of western "defamiliarization" poetics, and it is also a symbol of the maturity of western "defamiliarization" poetics. "Defamiliarization" is the core concept of Russian formalism, and it is also the issue that formalists are most concerned about. In his view, "literary language not only creates strangeness, but also is strangeness itself". This theory emphasizes that it violates the common sense, common sense and common things that people are accustomed to in content and form, and at the same time transcends common situations in art. The basic principle of defamiliarization is the opposition and conflict of various factors that are seemingly unrelated but internally related. It is this opposition and conflict that causes the appearance of "defamiliarization", which gives people sensory stimulation or emotional shock.
Emotional evaluation of literature belongs to an aesthetic activity, and aesthetics belongs to emotional evaluation of the subject world. Literary creation not only reflects life with art, but also judges life with emotional evaluation, thus realizing its value function. It can be seen that emotional evaluation is the essential attribute of literature and the inevitable requirement of literary creation. As a value orientation, it implies people's political, economic, cultural, ethical, religious, aesthetic and other social needs and attitudes, as well as psychological experience and judgment of social life formed by many factors. O literary creation, with this attribute, shows people the truth as well as the meaning. By appealing to people's hearts, it stimulates people's emotions with aesthetic feeling and exerts its aesthetic ideology. Emotional evaluation and poetic judgment have the same meaning. O "Poetic judgment" is a concept used by Engels in evaluating Balzac: Engels said that he "got great satisfaction from this outstanding old man" because in his works, there are not only "French history from 18 15 to 1848", but also his "poetic judgment" on this history. "Poetic judgment" is the unity of goodness and beauty, which not only stipulates the content of value character of emotional evaluation, but also explains the way to realize emotional evaluation. O Emotional evaluation, as a kind of "poetic judgment", has its own connotation. When Lu Xun took "truth, goodness and beauty" as the aesthetic standard of literary criticism. The word "good" has been replaced by the word "progress", which means it is conducive to social progress or progress. O This materializes the connotation of "goodness", which means that emotional evaluation, as the value pursuit of "goodness", has noble character and utilitarian orientation.